IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2013-KA-01510-COA
ROBERT SILVIA A/K/A ROBERT WAYNE APPELLANT
SILVIA
v.
STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11/28/2012
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DAVID H. STRONG JR.
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: WALTHALL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: OFFICE OF STATE PUBLIC DEFENDER
BY: GEORGE T. HOLMES
PHILLIP W. BROADHEAD
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
BY: BARBARA WAKELAND BYRD
DISTRICT ATTORNEY: DEE BATES
NATURE OF THE CASE: CRIMINAL - FELONY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION: CONVICTED OF MURDER AND
SENTENCED TO LIFE IN THE CUSTODY
OF THE MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF
CORRECTIONS AND ORDERED TO PAY A
$10,000 FINE AND $6,500 IN RESTITUTION
TO THE CRIME VICTIMS’
COMPENSATION FUND
DISPOSITION: REVERSED AND REMANDED - 05/26/2015
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE LEE, C.J., BARNES AND MAXWELL, JJ.
LEE, C.J., FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Robert Silvia was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in the custody of the
Mississippi Department of Corrections. Silvia was also ordered to pay a $10,000 fine and
$6,500 in restitution to the Crime Victims’ Compensation Fund. Upon denial of his post-trial
motions, Silvia filed an appeal, asserting the trial court erred by: (1) denying his motion to
suppress; (2) failing to conduct a competency hearing; and (3) failing to grant his motion for
a directed verdict or judgment notwithstanding the verdict. We consider Silvia’s second
issue, the lack of a competency hearing, to be dispositive in this case. Since we reverse and
remand for a new trial based on the competency issue, we need not address his other two
issues on appeal.
FACTS
¶2. On June 10, 2010, Mandy Barthelot informed the Walthall County Sheriff’s
Department that she was concerned about her mother, Darlene Barthelot. Mandy, who lived
in Louisiana, had not heard from Darlene, and her attempts to reach her mother through
Silvia, Darlene’s boyfriend of seventeen years,1 had been unsuccessful. Mandy said Silvia
would give her varying excuses as to why Darlene was unavailable.
¶3. Deputy Billy Wayne Thornhill reported to Darlene and Silvia’s home in Jayess,
Mississippi. Gavin Fulkerson, a neighbor, informed Deputy Thornhill that he had not seen
Darlene in several days, and Silvia had told him and Mandy conflicting stories as to
Darlene’s whereabouts. Fulkerson told Deputy Thornhill that Silvia had been upset and
crying over his recent separation from Darlene. Fulkerson also said Silvia had recently lost
his job. Fulkerson testified that when Mandy told Silvia she was calling the police, Silvia
left his house in a hurry, driving a small red car. Deputy Thornhill also spoke on the phone
with a coworker of Darlene, who indicated she had not been to work in several days, and it
1
Darlene was separated from her husband, George, when she met Silvia. Silvia
testified Darlene and George finally signed their divorce papers shortly before Darlene died.
2
was unusual for her to miss work.
¶4. After knocking on the door and receiving no response, Deputy Thornhill walked
around the house and knocked on the windows. Deputy Thornhill testified he thought
someone was in the house because he heard a noise from inside and saw a white car parked
next to the house. Based upon Mandy’s and Fulkerson’s concerns and the fact that Darlene
had missed work for several days, Deputy Thornhill contacted Toney Rushing, an
investigator, to get permission to enter the house. Deputy Thornhill then entered the house
to search for Darlene. Deputy Thornhill eventually located Darlene’s body inside a large
deep freezer in the kitchen. Darlene’s body was covered with a comforter and packs of
frozen food. Deputy Thornhill lifted the corner of the comforter and saw long dark-colored
hair and a human shoulder. Deputy Thornhill testified he then replaced the comforter,
contacted Investigator Rushing, and secured the crime scene. A search warrant for Silvia’s
house was subsequently obtained.
¶5. An alert was issued regarding Silvia’s car. Deputy Hollis Gatlin testified he stopped
Silvia’s car and, as Silvia exited the car, Silvia “told me he had done something really bad,
and that he had lost his job, and his wife was going to leave him, so he shot her.” Silvia was
transported to the sheriff’s department. Because Silvia was intoxicated when he was
arrested, he was not interviewed until the next day, June 11, 2010. Silvia waived his
Miranda2 rights, then admitted that he shot Darlene.
¶6. At trial, Silvia admitted to shooting Darlene; however, he testified he did not
2
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
3
remember pulling the trigger. Silvia testified he and Darlene had been experiencing financial
trouble since he lost his job and emotional stress since Darlene’s daughter died in a car
accident. Darlene had wanted to separate, suggesting they foreclose on their home and sell
their belongings. Silvia said Darlene offered him $1,000 to go home to Massachusetts. He
testified that this occurred approximately two days prior to Darlene’s death. Silvia
admittedly became angry and began drinking more heavily, stating the anger kept building
and building inside of him. Silvia was also angry that Darlene had been in communication
with her ex-husband concerning her daughter’s death and insurance policy.
¶7. When questioned about the actual shooting, Silvia testified that he was sitting in the
living room with Darlene, and the next thing he remembered, he was standing in the doorway
holding a shotgun and Darlene was dead. He stated he had no memory of shooting her.
Darlene had been shot once in the neck and once in the abdomen. Silvia said he covered her
body with a comforter, then went to sleep. The next day, Silvia moved Darlene’s body to the
deep freezer, then attempted to clean the crime scene, including one of the couple’s dogs that
had blood on it. Silvia stated he ran out of money, so he pawned the shotgun and a piece of
Darlene’s jewelry, then proceeded to drink heavily and watch pornographic movies.
DISCUSSION
¶8. Silvia contends that the trial court erred by failing to conduct a competency hearing.
Prior to trial, Silvia requested a mental examination. The State agreed, and the trial court
ordered Dr. Beverly Smallwood to conduct a mental examination to determine whether Silvia
was competent to stand trial and make a rational defense. The order also instructed Dr.
4
Smallwood to determine whether Silvia was mentally capable of distinguishing between right
and wrong at the time he committed the crime. A mental examination was conducted, but
it appears there was no pretrial competency hearing. The record indicates that there were
several attempts to schedule a competency hearing prior to trial.
¶9. On June 18, 2014, the State filed a motion to supplement the record with either a
transcript of the competency hearing or, if no transcript was found, a statement of evidence
in accordance with Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(c). This Court granted the
State’s motion. We ordered the trial court to determine whether the competency-hearing
transcript was available and, if not, to conduct a hearing to determine whether the record
could be supplemented pursuant to Rule 10(c). We ordered the transcript or the Rule 10(c)
statement of evidence to be filed in the trial court within sixty days of June 24, 2014, the date
of our order. We also gave the trial court sixty days to notify this Court if no transcript or
Rule 10(c) statement could be made available.
¶10. According to the supplemental volume, the hearing was held in the trial court on
August 11, 2014. The trial judge, the assistant district attorney (Timothy Jones), Silvia, and
Silvia’s appellate counsel at the time (Phillip Broadhead) , were present. During the hearing,
Jones stated, “the State admits that there was no pretrial psychological hearing.” Since no
hearing had been conducted, Broadhead asked the trial court to “make a finding to the Court
of Appeals [that the] record cannot be supplemented according to [Rule] 10(c).” The trial
court responded in the affirmative and asked Broadhead to prepare an order. Broadhead
agreed. The order dated August 28, 2014, states that “no transcript of a competency hearing
5
can be found, and further, the record cannot be supplemented pursuant to [Rule] 10(c).” We
note that there is a copy of Dr. Smallwood’s mental examination of Silvia in the
supplemental volume, which was filed with this Court on September 2, 2014. However, the
record is unclear if the trial court received a copy of this report prior to Silvia’s trial. The
only copy of the mental examination in the record was submitted at the hearing conducted
pursuant to this Court’s June 24, 2014 order.
¶11. Uniform Rule of Circuit and County Court 9.06 states:
If before or during trial the court, of its own motion or upon motion of an
attorney, has reasonable ground to believe that the defendant is incompetent
to stand trial, the court shall order the defendant to submit to a mental
examination by some competent psychiatrist selected by the court . . . .
In Sanders v. State, 9 So. 3d 1132, 1136 (¶16) (Miss. 2009), the Mississippi Supreme Court
held that the “plain language” of Rule 9.06 requires “a competency hearing once a trial court
orders a psychiatric evaluation to determine competency to stand trial.” The supreme court
also recently held that “when a motion for a mental examination has been granted, such an
examination must occur, and then a separate competency hearing must be conducted before
trial begins.” Coleman v. State, 127 So. 3d 161, 166 (¶14) (Miss. 2013) (emphasis in
original). The State contends that a competency hearing was not required because it did not
have a reasonable ground to believe that Silvia was incompetent. However, the Coleman
court stated that a trial court’s grant of an order for a mental examination is “conclusive of
its having found reasonable ground to believe [the defendant] was entitled to a mental
examination and a competency hearing, based on the plain and forthright language of Rule
9.06.” Id. at 168 (¶19).
6
¶12. In Smith v. State, 149 So. 3d 1027, 1035 (¶19) (Miss. 2014), the supreme court
reversed and remanded for an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the trial court
ordered Smith’s mental examination for the purpose of determining his competence to stand
trial. The court found “significant ambiguity” regarding the reason for Smith’s mental
examination. Id. The court stated that “if, after the evidentiary hearing, the trial court
determines that the purpose of the court-ordered mental evaluation was to determine Smith’s
competency to stand trial, Smith’s conviction cannot stand . . . .” Id.
¶13. In this case, it is clear the trial court ordered the mental examination to determine
whether Silvia was “mentally competent to stand trial and to make a rational defense, and
whether . . . he was mentally capable of distinguishing between right and wrong” at the time
he committed the crime. The trial court attempted to schedule the competency hearing, but
for reasons unclear in the record, the hearing never occurred. Accordingly, we must reverse
and remand for a competency hearing and, if Silvia is found competent to stand trial, a new
trial.
¶14. THE JUDGMENT OF THE WALTHALL COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT IS
REVERSED, AND THIS CASE IS REMANDED FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS
CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE
ASSESSED TO WALTHALL COUNTY.
IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, ROBERTS, MAXWELL,
FAIR AND JAMES, JJ., CONCUR. CARLTON, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE
WRITTEN OPINION.
CARLTON, J., DISSENTING:
¶15. I respectfully dissent from the majority’s decision.
¶16. The appellant and majority assert that this case must be reversed because no on-the-
7
record competency hearing was held by the trial court. However, the record clearly reflects
the receipt of the evaluation report,3 the defense’s review of the report, and the trial court’s
acknowledgment of Silvia’s right to request a hearing. The record of the docket calls also
reflects that the defense elected not to request a competency hearing. As a result of the
defense’s decision, no formal hearing was held, but the record reflects that the defense and
the judge received the report of Silvia’s mental evaluation prior to trial. The record shows
that Silvia’s right to a competency hearing was honored by the trial court.
¶17. The transcript of the docket call in March 2011 shows that the defense counsel
reported to the court, on the record, that Silvia received his psychological evaluation the
week prior to that docket call.4 The defense also stated at the docket call that it would
provide the court and the district attorney with copies of the report that day. The report of
3
On June 26, 2014, this Court ordered the trial court to conduct a hearing on the
record to determine whether the record can be supplemented with either the pretrial-
competency-hearing transcript (though no pretrial competency hearing occurred) or a
Mississippi Rule of Appellate Procedure 10(c) statement. Exhibit D to the hearing regarding
this Court’s order contains the report of Silvia’s mental evaluation performed on January 25,
2011. The report explained that the mental evaluation examined Silvia’s competency to
stand trial and also his sanity at the time of the offense charged. The report reflects that the
trial court stipulated that copies be sent to the court, the defense attorney, and the district
attorney. The report also reflects that during the evaluation, Silvia was informed that a copy
of the report would be provided to the trial court and to his attorney. In the report, Dr.
Smallwood stated that she found Silvia mentally competent to stand trial and to make a
rational defense, and that on the date of the charged crime of murder, Silvia was mentally
capable of distinguishing between right and wrong. Dr. Smallwood also provided that no
further forensic evaluation was needed, and that Silvia appeared ready to cooperate with his
attorney in the preparation of his case. The billing invoice for the report and evaluation is
dated March 8, 2011.
4
The transcript of the March 2011 docket call is consistent with documentation in the
record of the date of the billing invoice: March 8, 2011.
8
the mental evaluation also reflects that the trial court ordered the psychologist, Dr.
Smallwood, to provide the court a copy. The defense continued to explain at that docket call
that after reviewing the report from the psychological evaluation, the defense anticipated
filing only one pretrial motion. The trial judge acknowledged the defense’s intent to file a
pretrial motion and directed the defense to proceed with filing the motion. Then, the docket
call the next month (April 2011) shows that the sole motion the defense chose to file, and to
request a hearing upon, was a motion to suppress on Fourth Amendment grounds.
¶18. According to the transcript from the April 5, 2011 docket call, the defense filed a
singular motion to suppress,5 and the trial judge then set a date to hear the motions. The
transcript also shows the defense acknowledged at the docket call that it had received Silvia’s
mental evaluation. Clearly, the procedural history before us shows that the defense chose not
to exercise Silvia’s right to a competency hearing after receiving and reviewing the
psychological evaluation and report. The record further reflects that the trial court honored
Silvia’s right to a competency hearing and provided the defense the opportunity to file a
motion to request a competency hearing. As discussed, after reviewing the psychological
evaluation, the defense intended to file only one motion, a motion to suppress.
¶19. Moreover, the record fails to contain evidence that would raise a reasonable question
as to Silvia’s competency to stand trial, or to his sanity at the time of the offense, to
5
The defense filed a motion to suppress the results of the search performed of Silvia’s
home by sheriff’s department, including Darlene’s body. The defense claimed that the
sheriff’s department entered Silvia’s home without a warrant and that no exigent
circumstances existed to serve as an exception to the requirement that law enforcement
obtain a warrant before entering the home.
9
necessitate the trial court ordering a competency hearing sua sponte, absent a mechanical
operation of Uniform Rule Circuit and County Court 9.06.6 A review of the record fails to
show any basis to support a bona fide reason for questioning the mental competency or sanity
of Silvia. See Miss. Code Ann. § 99-13-11 (Rev. 2007) (mental examinations for the
accused). Since the evidence before the trial court raised no bona fide doubt or reasonable
question about Silvia’s competency to stand trial, I respectfully submit that no constitutional
or due-process violation occurred herein.
¶20. A constitutional violation occurs only where the trial court fails to conduct a
competency hearing where the evidence before the trial court raised a bona fide doubt about
the defendant’s competency to stand trial. Pate v. Robinson, 383 U.S. 375, 385 (1966). The
standard for competency to stand trial is “whether a defendant has sufficient present ability
to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding . . . and whether
he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him.”• Hearn
v. State, 3 So. 3d 722, 728 (¶15) (Miss. 2008) (citing Dusky v. United States, 362 U.S. 402,
402 (1960) (per curiam)).
¶21. In reviewing the evidence before the trial court, the record herein reflects that Silvia
raised no insanity defense, and abandoned (pretrial) pursuit of any insanity defense at trial.7
6
Discussing competence to stand trial.
7
See M'Naghten's Case, 8 Eng. Rep. 718 (1843). The report of the mental evaluation
reflects Dr. Smallwood’s determination that, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty,
Silvia was “mentally competent to stand trial and make rational defense,” and that on the
date of the murder, Silvia “was mentally capable of distinguishing between right and
wrong.”
10
If Silvia had intended to raise a defense of insanity at trial, he was required to provide prior
notice in writing to the State of such intention. See URCCC 9.07 (insanity defense). As
reflected in the March and April 2011 docket-call transcripts and the record as a whole,
Silvia abandoned his right to assert an insanity defense and also a competency hearing after
his counsel received and reviewed his psychological evaluation report. See and compare
United States v. Caplan, 633 F.2d 534, 538-39 (9th Cir. 1980) (addressing abandonment of
insanity defense and related examination request, as well as competency to stand trial; court
found no error in lack of competency hearing where evidence raised no real question of
competency). See also United States v. Clark, 617 F.2d 180, 184-85 (9th Cir. 1980).
¶22. I willingly embrace precedent establishing that “[t]he due-process right to a fair trial
is violated by a court's failure to hold a proper competency hearing where there is substantial
evidence that a defendant is incompetent.” Filiaggi v. Bagley, 445 F.3d 851, 858 (6th Cir.
2006); United States. v. Makris, 535 F.2d 899, 909 (5th Cir. 1976). However, this is not a
case where the trial court refused to hold a competency hearing or denied the defense’s
request for a delay in conducting such a hearing. The record shows the evaluation was
completed and the county received the bill; and the defense counsel stated at docket call that
defense would provide a copy of the mental-evaluation report to the trial court. The report
itself acknowledged an order to provide the trial court with a copy of the mental-evaluation
report.
¶23. In the context of the procedural history and facts of this case, to find error based upon
a mechanical application of procedural rules fails to consider that the transcripts from the
11
docket calls show that the trial court was apprised that the mental evaluation was completed
and that the defense and trial court received a copy. The report itself acknowledged that the
trial court ordered that a copy be provided to the trial judge. Also, the defense requested no
hearing on the report or the competency issue, and the substantial evidence in the record
showed Silvia’s competence to stand trial. See URCCC 9.06. For example, prior to
testifying in his own defense, Silvia inquired of the court whether any of his prior convictions
would be used against him for impeachment, and after advisement by the trial court on his
reason not to testify, the trial court recessed. Silvia consulted with his attorney. When the
trial court reconvened, Silvia told the trial court that he elected to testify. He intelligently,
consistently, and without difficulty answered questions on direct and cross-examination.
Silvia’s testimony was detailed and recounted events leading up to the shooting. He also
recalled his efforts after the shooting to clean up the crime scene and hide Darlene’s body in
the freezer. He testified that he remembered standing in the doorway of the TV room and
shooting a gun, and he testified that Darlene passed away after the first shot. Silvia testified
that after she was shot, Darlene slouched in her recliner, and he remembered putting the gun
away. He said that he did not remember the second shot, while also recalling that Darlene
died after the first shot. Silvia testified that when he first awakened the next morning, he did
not remember the shooting at first. However, when he got up and went into the bathroom
and looked into the TV room, it all came back to him. Silvia stated that he felt scared and
panicked. He also testified in some detail to the amount and type of alcohol he drank around
the time of the shooting and afterwards. He explained that he put Darlene’s dead body in the
12
freezer because the temperature outside reached nearly 100 degrees.
¶24. The evidence in the record shows that Silvia’s testimony was consistent with the
autopsy that found Darlene suffered two gunshots to her head, which were fired from a close
range. Silvia also provided two pretrial interviews to law enforcement. His Miranda-rights
waiver was admitted into evidence, without any objection by the defense, as the State’s
exhibit twelve. The defense raised no issue as to whether Silvia intelligently or voluntarily
waived his rights. In the second interview, Silvia admitted to knowing that he must have shot
Darlene twice because a live round remained in the gun. Silvia recalled loading the gun with
three live rounds. The record shows that the trial court received no information that,
objectively considered, should reasonably have raised a doubt about Silvia’s competence to
stand trial or alerted the trial judge about any possibility that Silvia lacked the ability or
understanding to consult with his counsel or understand the proceedings. See Wade v. State,
No. CIV.A. 13-5890, 2015 WL 225226, at *14 (E.D. La. Jan. 15, 2015); see also Lokos v.
Capps, 625 F.2d 1258 (5th Cir. 1980).
¶25. I respectfully acknowledge that this dissent must address the application of the recent
case of Smith v. State, 149 So. 3d 1027, 1035 (¶19) (Miss. 2014), and I submit that the facts
of Smith are distinct from this case. In Smith, the Mississippi Supreme Court found the
defendant’s rights were violated where the trial court ordered a mental examination and then
accepted his guilty plea without acknowledgment that the examination had been conducted
or completed. Id. The defendant in Smith stated during his guilty-plea colloquy that he had
been treated for depression and “psychosis or something like that.” Id. at 1030 (¶3). The
13
trial court nonetheless accepted Smith’s guilty plea and sentenced him without
acknowledging whether the mental evaluation had been completed and without conducting
a competency hearing. Id. Smith subsequently filed a motion for post-conviction relief
alleging that the trial court erred because the mental examination had never been performed.
Id. at (¶4). Smith also argued that the trial court erred by failing to hold a competency
hearing. Id. The supreme court agreed. Id. at 1035 (¶19), In so doing, the supreme court
explained that when the evidence raises a sufficient doubt as to the defendant’s competency
to stand trial, the defendant is deprived of due process of law if the trial court fails to conduct
a separate competency hearing. Id. at 1033 (¶15).
¶26. In contrast, in the instant case, Silvia received the court-ordered psychological
evaluation. As discussed, the transcripts from the docket calls show that the defense
informed the trial court of the defense’s receipt of the report, deciding ultimately to raise no
motion based on the results, despite the opportunity for a hearing provided to Silvia by the
trial judge. Silvia also received a trial on the merits that contained abundant evidence of his
competency to stand trial and to assist and consult with counsel and understand the nature
of the proceedings. The record is devoid of evidence raising a reasonable question of his
competency to stand trial, or sanity at the time of the offense.
¶27. Sanders v. State, 9 So. 3d 1132, 1139 (¶25) (Miss. 2009), is also distinguishable from
the instant case since the trial court in Sanders ordered a mental examination, and afterwards
the defendant sufficiently raised the defense of insanity at trial. In Sanders, the defense also
provided the State with written notice of such prior to trial. Id. Since the trial court ordered
14
a mental examination, and since Sanders provided the State and the trial court with pretrial
notice of his insanity defense, the defense sufficiently raised the issue of sanity and
competency. In the present case, however, Silvia gave no pretrial notice of an insanity
defense and raised no such defense at trial. Moreover, the defense raised no evidence at trial
reasonably questioning Silvia’s sanity or competency. The defense also raised no objection
to the Miranda warnings, and the defense counsel clearly consulted effectively with Silvia
during the trial.
¶28. In Pate v. Robinson, 383 U.S. 375, 376-77 (1966), the defense counsel, throughout
the proceedings, insisted on a lack of competence of the defendant. The United States
Supreme Court found no waiver of the defendant’s right to a competency hearing therein
based on counsel’s failure to request a hearing, explaining that the evidence introduced at
trial showed a reasonable question of competency, thereby entitling him to a competency
hearing. Id. at 385-86. In contrast, Silvia’s counsel told the judge he received the evaluation
results but chose only to raise a Fourth Amendment suppression motion. Silvia’s counsel did
not request a hearing even after the trial court’s recognition of Silvia’s right to a hearing and
opportunity to request one, and neither the evidence nor the defense raised an issue of
competency or M’Naghten8 sanity at trial or during the pretrial hearing on motions.
¶29. A criminal defendant is presumed competent. Billiot v. State, 454 So. 2d 445, 463
(Miss. 1984). Clearly, the evidence before the trial court, and in this appeal, raises no
reasonable question or bona fide doubt as to Silvia’s competence to stand trial. The record
8
See M'Naghten's Case, 8 Eng. Rep. 718 (1843).
15
instead reflects abundant evidence of his competence to stand trial. Moreover, the report of
the mental evaluation provided that Dr. Smallwood found Silvia was competent and ready
to stand trial, and also determined that Silvia was sane at the time of the offense. Dr.
Smallwood opined that no further forensic evaluations were needed. As stated, the trial court
recognized Silvia’s right to a hearing, and the face of the record of the docket calls shows
that the trial court and the defense received the report of the mental evaluation. To reverse
Silvia’s conviction for the failure of the trial court in this case to hold a competency hearing
on the record, after documentation of receipt of the mental-evaluation report and a conscious
choice by Silvia’s counsel to not pursue such, opens the door to abuse of the judicial process.
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Robert Silvia v. State of Mississippi
Combined Opinion