(After stating the facts as above). The point made here is that, where there are several defendants charged with joint and several liability for a debt, as here, the affidavit, to authorize the garnishment, must aver that neither of the defendants has property within the state subject to execution sufficient to satisfy the debt, and the bond must be made payable to all of the defendants. Here, as seen, the plaintiffs merely avered in the affidavit that “the defendant C. H. Smith” did not have any property in the state subject to execution, and did not make any averment in respect to the other defendants. Article 217, subd. 2, R, S., under which the affidavit here was drawn, provides that a garnishment writ may issue “where the plaintiff sues for a debt and makes affidavit that such debt is just, due, and unpaid, and that the defendant has not, within his knowledge, property in his possession within this state subject to execution sufficient to satisfy such ■debt, and that the garnishment applied for is not sued out to injure either the defendant ■or the garnishee.” Article 3268, R. S., fixes the rule for construction of statutes, and says: “The singular and plural number shall ■each include the other unless otherwise expressly provided.” The Supreme Court ■answering a certified question in case of Doty v. Moore, 102 Tex. 48, 112 S. W. 1038, speaking to the affidavit required for attachment, ■says: “That this rule obtains in the construction of the attachment law is expressly lield in Lewis v. Stewart, 62 Tex. 352. We must, therefore, read the quoted clause of the last named statute as if it read ‘defendant or defendants,’ and it follows that an affidavit using ‘defendants’ when there are more than one strictly complies with the provision.” In McMahon v. Perkins, 22 R. I. 116, 46 Atl. 405, an identical ruling was made. Following the same rule of construction as applicable to the present statute, it should be read, as stated in the Doty Case, “as if it read ‘defendant or defendants.’ ” The words “the defendant,” as used in the article, manifestly refer to the party defendant to the original suit, and not exclusively to any one particular defendant against whose funds and effects the writ was sought. So if the article should be read, and we think it should be, as saying “defendant or defendants” in the original suit, then it would include all the parties defendant. And in this interpretation the case of Willis v. Lyman, 22 Tex. 268, is precisely in point. In that case the affidavit for garnishment stated that Lyman C. Wright had no property. There were several defendants in the original judgment. The statute before the court required the affidavit to state that “the defendant or defendants hath or have no property.” The court ruled that it was required, where there were several defendants in the original judgment, that the affidavit should aver that neither of the defendants has property within the state subject to execution. As the facts of that case and the instant one are the same, and the reading of the two garnishment statutes is the same under the construction required to be given the present one, then that case would clearly rule the present appeal, and we can see no good reason for not following it. It is not without good reason that the statute has provided that, before strangers to the debt or judgment can be brought into court and subjected to inconveniences and hazards of payment, it shall appear in the affidavit for garnishment that none of the defendants jointly and severally liable for the debt sued for shall have any property within the state subject to execution sufficient to satisfy the debt. If any one of the defendants liable jointly or severally for the debt had sufficient property that could be reached by execution, the plaintiff could collect his debt, and calling strangers into the suit would be unnecessary to the collection of the original debt. But, if none of the defendants have property, it then becomes necessary to allow the plaintiff the remedy of garnishment, though it be to the great inconvenience of strangers to the original suit. It is when the debt cannot be fully collected by execution against the property of those liable, either jointly or severally, and proceeding against garnishees is thereby made necessary to the collection of the plaintiff’s debts, that the statute intends the writ to issue. So the reason underlying the requirement that none of the defendants have sufficient property that could be reached by execution before *1147resort can be bad to garnishment is persuasive of the soundness of the construction that Is here given the words of the article in hand. Defendant in error argues that it had the right to sue 0. H. Smith alone, because he was either jointly or severally liable for the debt, and because thereof his funds could be reached by garnishment. The defendant in error, however, did not sue O. H. Smith alone, but sued all the makers and made them all defendants. And this made the record stand at the time of application for garnishment with several defendants in the suit alleged to be primarily liable for the debt. And the record as it stood at the time of the affidavit made it necessary that the affidavit should aver to all defendants in order to comply with the statute. Also the act of 1874 did not undertake to change the verbiage of or repeal the act in Hartley’s Digest. Hartley’s Digest allowed garnishment “where the plaintiff has judgment.” The act of 1874 merely added another ground, as seen in subdivision 2, “where plaintiff sues for a debt.” So it cannot be said that the Legislature intended to so change the law as to relieve it of the construction given in the Willis Case, supra.
It is an established rule that garnishment proceedings be strictly construed by the court, and that for a substantial defect appearing in the affidavit, or a failure to aver any statutory fact required by statute which entitles the plaintiff to the issue of the writ, the proceedings should be set aside. This applies as well to the bond. It follows that the judgment in garnishment should be reversed and the proceedings be dismissed, and defendant in error pay all costs of this court and of the district court in this respect; and it is accordingly so ordered.
Reversed and dismissed.