Chassereau v. Global-Sun Pools, Inc.

Chief Justice TOAL.

This case involves the interpretation of an arbitration agreement. The trial court denied Petitioners’ motion to compel arbitration of several claims Respondent asserted as a result of Petitioners’ aggressive debt collection practices, and the court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s decision. We granted certiorari, and we now affirm.

*170Factual/Procedural Background

In April 2003, Respondent Vicki Chassereau (“Chassereau”) contracted with Petitioner Global Sun Pools (“Global-Sun”) to purchase an above ground pool. Chassereau contends that sometime thereafter, the pool began malfunctioning or was otherwise in need of repair. After Global-Sun allegedly refused to remedy the problems, Chassereau ceased making payments on the pool. ,

According to Chassereau, Petitioner Ken Darwin (“Darwin”), an employee of Global-Sun, began systematically harassing her as a result of her cessation of payments on the pool. Specifically, Chassereau alleges that Darwin repeatedly phoned her at her workplace; disclosed private information to Chassereau’s friends, relatives, and co-workers; and also made false and defamatory statements about Chassereau to these same people. Ultimately, Chassereau sued Darwin and Global-Sun for defamation, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and a violation of S.C.Code Ann. § 16-17-430 (2003) (defining the criminal offense of “unlawful communication”).

Global-Sun and Darwin moved to compel arbitration of Chassereau’s claims, arguing principally that two documents executed during the course of the sale of the pool required that these claims be arbitrated.1 The trial court disagreed and denied the motion to compel arbitration. Global-Sun and Darwin appealed.

The court of appeals affirmed the trial court’s decision. Chassereau v. Global-Sun Pools, Inc., 363 S.C. 628, 611 S.E.2d 305 (2005). In determining whether Chassereau’s claims were required to be arbitrated, the court of appeals examined only the arbitration clause contained in the Installation Agreement. Id. at 633 n. 8, 611 S.E.2d at 307 n. 8. The court held that because the trial court’s order relied only on the arbitration clause in the Installation Agreement, any argument regarding the arbitration clause contained in the Financing Agreement was not preserved for review. Id. Ultimately, the court of appeals agreed with the trial court’s conclusion that Chassereau’s claims were “based upon tortious conduct of *171the employees of [Global-Sun Pools] unrelated to the contract,” and that the claims did not arise out of or relate to the contract. Id. at 635, 611 S.E.2d at 308. Accordingly, the court held that the arbitration clause in the Installation Agreement did not require that Cliassereau’s claims be arbitrated. Id.

Global-Sun and Darwin unsuccessfully petitioned the court of appeals to supplement the record on appeal with the Financing Agreement and to grant rehearing in the matter. This Court granted certiorari to review the court of appeals’ decision, and Global-Sun and Darwin present the following issue for review:

Did the court of appeals err in determining that the Installation Agreement’s arbitration clause did not apply to Chassereau’s claims?

Standard op Review

Unless the parties provide otherwise, the question of the arbitrability of a claim is an issue for judicial determination. Zabinski v. Bright Acres Assocs., 346 S.C. 580, 596, 553 S.E.2d 110, 118 (2001). The determination of whether a claim is subject to arbitration is subject to de novo review. Wellman, Inc. v. Square D Co., 366 S.C. 61, 67, 620 S.E.2d 86, 89 (Ct.App.2005); United States v. Bankers Ins. Co., 245 F.3d 315, 319 (4th Cir.2001). Nevertheless, a circuit court’s factual findings will not be reversed on appeal if any evidence reasonably supports the findings. Thornton v. Trident Med. Ctr., L.L.C., 357 S.C. 91, 94, 592 S.E.2d 50, 51 (Ct.App.2003).

Law/Analysis

Global-Sun and Darwin argue that the court of appeals erred in determining that the Installation Agreement’s arbitration clause did not apply to Chassereau’s claims. We disagree.

Both state and federal policy favor arbitration of disputes. Zabinski, 346 S.C. at 596, 553 S.E.2d at 118. Unless a court can say with positive assurance that the arbitration clause is not susceptible to any interpretation that covers the dispute, arbitration should generally be ordered. Id. at 597, 553 S.E.2d at 118-119. However, arbitration is a *172matter of contract, and a parti? cannot be required to arbitrate any dispute which he has not agreed to arbitrate. Id. at 596, 553 S.E.2d at 118.

The resolution of this case is controlled by our recent pronouncement in Aiken v. World Finance Corporation of South Carolina, Op. No. 26313, 644 S.E.2d 705 (S.C. Sup.Ct. filed April 23, 2007). In that case, we refused to interpret an arbitration agreement with similar, though not identical, language to apply to illegal or outrageous acts that no reasonable person would have foreseen at the time the parties executed the agreement to arbitrate. We instructed:

Because even the most broadly-worded arbitration agreements still have limits founded in general principles of contract law, this Court will refuse to interpret any arbitration agreement as applying to outrageous torts that are unforeseeable to a reasonable consumer in the context of normal business dealings.

Id.

From the beginning of her relationship with Global-Sun, Chassereau certainly knew that she would be required to make payments on the pool she purchased. Furthermore, Chassereau must have expected that Global-Sun employees would contact her and request that she make payments on the pool if she ceased doing so. However, we believe a reasonable person would not have foreseen and would not have expected (and ought not to expect) Global-Sun employees to commit acts historically associated with the common law tort of outrage in seeking to collect an overdue debt. Our opinion in Aiken unequivocally provides that although these types of uncivilized acts often arise in the course of performance of contracts containing arbitration clauses, South Carolina courts will not interpret arbitration clauses to apply to such acts which are outrageous and unforeseen.

Although we are constrained to resolve all doubts in favor of arbitration, this is not an absolute truism intended to replace careful judicial analysis. While actions taken in an arrangement such as the one entered into by these parties might have the potential to generate several legal claims and causes of action, we have no doubt that Chassereau did not intend to agree to arbitrate the claims she asserts in the instant case.

*173Accordingly, we hold that these claims are not covered by the arbitration agreement at issue in the instant case.2

Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the court of appeals’ decision.

MOORE, WALLER and BURNETT, JJ, concur. PLEICONES, J., dissenting in a separate opinion.

. The parties refer to these documents as the "Installation Agreement” and the "Retail Installment Agreement.” For the sake of convenience, we will refer to the latter document as the "Financing Agreement.”

. On appeal, Global-Sun and Darwin also contend that the court of appeals erred in holding that any argument regarding the arbitration clause contained in the Financing Agreement was not preserved for review. In light of the foregoing analysis, however, it is unnecessary for us to address this contention. See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, 335 S.C. 598, 613, 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (providing that an appellate court need not address additional issues if the resolution of another issue is dispositive).