IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
In the Matter of the Dependency of
No. 69113-9-1
J.P.W., d.o.b. 09/18/00,
DIVISION ONE
A Minor Child.
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UNPUBLISHED OPINION
KARREN WALBERG,
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FILED: April 29, 2013
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Appellant,
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STATE OF WASHINGTON,
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
HEALTH SERVICES,
Respondent.
Leach, C.J. — Karren Walberg appeals a dispositional order limiting
visitation with her child, J.P.W., to two hours of supervised visitation per week.
Walberg claims that the trial court erred in restricting the visitation without an
express finding that limited visitation was necessary to protect the child's health,
safety, or welfare. She also contends that the Department of Social and Health
Services (DSHS) failed to rely upon community resources to provide additional
visitation. Because the evidence supports the conclusion that increased
visitation would be harmful to J.P.W. and because DSHS considered community
No. 69113-9-1/2
resources but determined that additional visitation supervised by the foster
parent was not in J.P.W.'s best interest, we affirm.
Background
J.P.W. was born on September 18, 2000. He was the subject of a 2001
dependency case, which was dismissed in 2003. Allegations in the 2001
dependency action included neglect due to substance abuse and mental health
issues. DSHS filed a second dependency petition in 2012 based upon Walberg's
continuing substance abuse and mental health issues.
When J.P.W. entered protective custody in 2012, Walberg did not have
stable housing. Although she had a section 8 housing voucher, Walberg
relinquished her apartment at the end of 2011 because she wanted to find a
house with a yard for J.P.W. Between December 2011 and February 2012,
Walberg and J.P.W. stayed either with friends or in a motel.
In late February 2012, Walberg and J.P.W. were staying with an individual
named Maria. On the evening of February 23, 2012, Maria informed Walberg
that she and J.P.W. were no longer welcome. While Maria permitted J.P.W. to
stay that night, she made Walberg leave. Walberg stayed at another friend's
home and returned the next morning to collect J.P.W. and her belongings. She
sent J.P.W. to school on the bus. Maria also left home, telling Walberg to come
back in an hour if she wanted to collect her belongings. When Walberg came
back, there was no one at Maria's house. While waiting for Maria, Walberg fell
No. 69113-9-1/3
asleep on Maria's porch. At 2:45 p.m., she was awakened by a phone call from
the school informing her that J.P.W. could not take his usual bus home.
When she woke up, Walberg could not move her arm and noticed that her
purse and other belongings were missing. Suspecting her arm was broken and
her belongings stolen, Walberg asked the school to call the police and an
ambulance for her. Emergency personnel determined that Walberg's arm was
not broken and asked if she wanted to go to the hospital. She declined because
she needed to go pick up J.P.W. from school. After brief treatment, Walberg
walked to the school. A deputy located Walberg and approached her to ask her
some questions. During questioning, the deputy realized that Walberg could not
converse rationally. Walberg became extremely agitated and refused to give the
deputy her name. This situation continued after Walberg and the deputy arrived
at the school and lasted approximately an hour. As the deputy tried to talk with
Walberg about J.P.W., she became more enraged, to the point that she began to
make threats against the school. The officer handcuffed Walberg and placed her
in the back of his patrol car. A sheriff's deputy later transported Walberg to the
hospital to be evaluated for involuntary commitment.
DSHS filed a dependency petition on February 28, 2012. The court held a
shelter care hearing on February 29. At this hearing, Walberg contested DSHS's
recommendation for out-of-home placement. The court ordered J.P.W. be
placed with Shannon Smith, an acquaintance, who had previously provided
Walberg and J.P.W. with a place to stay. Although Smith provided housing and
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No. 69113-9-1/4
food for Walberg and J.P.W., she no longer wished to monitor visits for Walberg
once the court placed J.P.W. in protective custody. The court also ordered
DSHS to provide Walberg and J.P.W. a minimum of two hours of monitored
visitation per week.
On June 12, 2012, the court entered an order of dependency. In its order,
the court found that DSHS had established by a preponderance of the evidence
that J.P.W. had no parent, guardian, or custodian capable of adequately caring
for him. The court specifically found that J.P.W.'s psychological or physical
development was in danger of substantial damage. Although Walberg did not
believe that her mental health issues affected her relationship with J.P.W., she
admitted that in a previous psychological evaluation, she received a diagnosis of
paranoid personality, antisocial personality disorder, dependent personality
disorder, and substance abuse issues. The court also found that Walberg used
methamphetamine in the past and was currently using marijuana without a
medical prescription.
Despite DSHS's request for decreased visitation, the court retained two
hours of supervised visitation per week. In its order, the court expressed concern
that "piling more rules on top" of Walberg who already had "antipathy" toward
DSHS would make Walberg's visitation with J.P.W. more difficult. The court
ordered DSHS to clarify the standard visitation rules. However, the court denied
Walberg's request to make up for past times when her visit was limited to one
hour because of J.P.W.'s school schedule.
No. 69113-9-1/5
Walberg failed to timely appeal the court's disposition order regarding her
visitation with J.P.W. Later, Walberg filed a motion to extend time to file her
notice of appeal. This court's commissioner passed this motion to the panel for
decision.
Standard of Review
Juvenile courts have broad discretion in matters dealing with children's
welfare.1 We will not disturb a juvenile court's determination involving visitation
rights on appeal unless the court abused its discretion.2 A trial court abuses its
discretion when its decision is manifestly unreasonable or is based on untenable
grounds.3 A trial court's decision is manifestly unreasonable if it is outside the
range of acceptable choices, given the facts and the applicable legal standard.4
A decision is based on untenable grounds or for untenable reasons if the trial
court applies the wrong legal standard or relies on unsupported facts.5
Walberg does not challenge any of the trial court's findings of fact.
Unchallenged findings offact are verities on appeal.6
Analysis
RAP 5.2(a) requires filing a notice of appeal within 30 days of the trial
court's entry of the judgment. An appellate court will extend the time within which
a party must file a notice of appeal only in extraordinary circumstances and to
1 In re Dependency of T.L.G.. 139 Wn. App. 1, 15, 156 P.3d 222 (2007).
2T.LG., 139 Wn. App. at 15.
3 State v. Rohrich, 149 Wn.2d 647, 654, 71 P.3d 638 (2003).
4 Rohrich, 149 Wn.2d at 654.
5 Rohrich, 149 Wn.2d at 654.
6 In re Dependency of P.P., 58 Wn. App. 18, 30, 792 P.2d 159 (1990).
No. 69113-9-1/6
prevent a gross miscarriage of justice.7 Extraordinary circumstances exist when
"the filing, despite reasonable diligence, was defective due to excusable error or
circumstances beyond the party's control."8 The court must balance the strict
application of filing deadlines against the constitutional right to appeal.9 In
Washington, parents have a guaranteed right to appeal a dispositional order
following a dependency determination10 and the right to counsel for that appeal.11
Walberg asks us to extend the time to file her notice of appeal, alleging
that she was denied effective assistance of counsel when her appointed counsel
failed to timely appeal. Because the trial court entered the disposition order on
June 21, 2012, she had to file a notice of appeal by July 23. Walberg's trial
counsel withdrew on June 21, 2012, and a new counsel was not appointed until
June 29, 2012. During that time, Walberg intended to appeal the dispositional
order and believed that the notice of appeal was timely filed. Walberg's new
counsel filed the notice of appeal on July 31, 2012. Where, as here, the party
does not voluntarily and knowingly waive the right to appeal and the failure to
timely appeal was beyond the party's control, the court may allow an extension to
prevent a gross miscarriage of justice. We grant the extension and decide the
merits of the case.
7 RAP 18.8(b).
8 Reichelt v. Ravmark Indus.. Inc.. 52 Wn. App. 763, 765, 764 P.2d 653
(1988).
9State v. Kells. 134 Wn.2d 309, 314, 949 P.2d 818 (1998).
10 RAP 2.2(a)(5).
11RCW 13.34.090; In re Dependency of Grove, 127 Wn.2d 221, 226-27,
897P.2d 1252(1995).
No. 69113-9-1/7
Visitation is crucial to reunifying families, and the legislature has
recognized its importance in RCW 13.34.136(2)(b)(ii).12 This statute requires that
DSHS encourage maximum family contact when such contact is in a child's best
interest.13 Visitation may be limited or denied only if the court determines that the
limitation or denial is necessary to protect the child's health, safety, or welfare.14
An express finding of harm is not required if the evidence supports the
conclusion that visitation is harmful to the child.15 However, the harm must be
"an actual risk, not speculation based on reports."16 Further, DSHS bears the
burden of proving that visitation poses a current concrete risk to the child.17
Here, the court made a specific finding that returning J.P.W. to Walberg
before she completed psychological, alcohol, and drug evaluations and drug
12 RCW 13.34.136(2)(b)(ii) provides:
Visitation is the right of the family, including the child and the
parent, in cases in which visitation is in the best interest of the
child. Early, consistent, and frequent visitation is crucial for
maintaining parent-child relationships and making it possible for
parents and children to safely reunify. The supervising agency
or department shall encourage the maximum parent and child
and sibling contact possible, when it is in the best interest of the
child, including regular visitation and participation by the parents
in the care of the child while the child is in placement. Visitation
shall not be limited as a sanction for a parent's failure to comply
with court orders or services where the health, safety, or welfare
of the child is not at risk as a result of the visitation. Visitation
may be limited or denied only if the court determines that such
limitation or denial is necessary to protect the child's health,
safety, or welfare.
13RCW13.34.136(2)(b)(ii).
14RCW13.34.136(2)(b)(ii).
15 In re Dependency of T.H., 139 Wn. App. 784, 794, 162 P.3d 1141
(2007).
16T.LG., 139 Wn. App. at 17.
17 T.L.G.. 139 Wn. App. at 17-18.
No. 69113-9-1/8
testing posed a concrete harm to J.P.W. Further, Walberg's behavior during
visits with J.P.W. indicated that increased visitation and fewer restrictions were
not in J.P.W.'s best interest. When Walberg missed her first visit, she yelled and
swore repeatedly at social workers, demanding to talk to J.P.W. During the
second visit, the social workers reported that Walberg continued to exhibit similar
behavior, asserting comments, such as that she can raise her own child and
does not need to complete any services and that J.P.W. knows she swears when
she gets mad and she does not hide anything from her child. Further, at the end
of the second visit, Walberg was whispering to J.P.W. to the extent that the
caregiver reported J.P.W. seemed uncomfortable and upset. Later, J.P.W.
expressed discomfort with phone visits with Walberg.
Walberg also contends that DSHS failed to investigate whether the foster
parent would be willing to provide additional visits. To support this, Walberg cites
RCW 13.34.136(2)(b)(ii), which states, "The court and the department or
supervising agency should rely upon community resources, relatives, foster
parents, and other appropriate persons to provide transportation and supervision
for visitation to the extent that such resources are available, and appropriate, and
the child's safety would not be compromised."
Here, the individual service and safety plan indicates that DSHS will
liberalize the visitation plan if Walberg completes specified services. Although
DSHS could only provide two hours of supervised visitation per week, it had the
discretion to allow additional visitations if other adults were identified as
No. 69113-9-1/9
appropriate visit supervisors or monitors. Walberg did not ask for increased
visitation at trial but requested only that J.P.W. return home immediately.
Further, despite Walberg's contention that DSHS did not evaluate community
resources, J.P.W.'s foster parent, Shannon Smith, refused to monitor Walberg's
phone visits with J.P.W., and Walberg failed to identify other possible supervisors
or monitors.
The trial court found that Walberg did not demonstrate she has the ability
to care adequately for J.P.W. It made specific findings that Walberg had a
history of drug abuse, was currently using drugs, and was incapable of
maintaining a stable and healthy environment for J.P.W. without assistance or
intervention. Despite Walberg's violation of visitation rules and DSHS's request
for reduced visits, the court retained the visitation. The trial court limited
visitation only to protect J.P.W.'s health, safety, and welfare. Therefore, the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in providing two hours of supervised visitation
per week.
Conclusion
Because the record supports the trial court's conclusion that increased
visitation would be harmful to J.P.W. and because DSHS considered community
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No. 69113-9-1/10
resources but determined that additional visitation supervised by the foster
parent was not available, we affirm.
A~/.ey.
WE CONCUR:
IgT^T B^efe'l
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In Re The Dependency Of: J.p.w. Karren Walberg, App. v. State Of Wa., Dshs, Res.
Combined Opinion