IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2017-CA-00915-SCT
IN THE INTEREST OF M.D.G., A MINOR, G.J., A
MINOR, N.B., A MINOR: PASS CHRISTIAN
SCHOOL DISTRICT
v.
HARRISON COUNTY YOUTH COURT OF
MISSISSIPPI, ROY CUEVAS AND KIMBERLY
CUEVAS, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS NEXT
FRIENDS AND GUARDIANS TO E.C., A MINOR
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 05/24/2017
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. MARGARET ALFONSO
TRIAL COURT ATTORNEYS: SCOTT WATSON WEATHERLY, JR.
EDWARD C. TAYLOR
TERRENCE J. LESTELLE
KATIE RYAN VAN CAMP
RICHARD M. MORGAIN
TRACE D. McRANEY
ANDREW WILLIAM HORSTMYER
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY YOUTH COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: EDWARD C. TAYLOR
KATIE RYAN VAN CAMP
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: SCOTT WATSON WEATHERLY, JR.
TERRENCE J. LESTELLE
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - JUVENILE JUSTICE
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND
REMANDED IN PART - 07/25/2019
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE RANDOLPH, C.J., ISHEE AND GRIFFIS, JJ.
ISHEE, JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. E.C.1 alleged she was sexually assaulted on the premises of Pass Christian High
School. The Harrison County Youth Court adjudicated the alleged perpetrators not
delinquent. Later, Roy and Kimberly Cuevas, individually, and on behalf of their minor
daughter, E.C., filed a negligence action in the Harrison County Circuit Court, seeking
damages from the Pass Christian School District associated with the alleged assault.
¶2. Pass Christian unsuccessfully sought the records from the youth-court action to use
in its defense in the civil case. It argues on appeal that the youth-court judge abused her
discretion in denying its requests for disclosure of the youth-court records and trial transcripts
relating to the three minor perpetrators. It also argues it would be denied due process and
fairness if the sworn testimony of E.C. were not released due to the confidentiality rules
protecting the subjects of youth-court actions.
¶3. We reverse and remand for the circuit court to conduct an in camera review of the
youth-court record to determine whether any of it should be disclosed.
FACTS
¶4. E.C. alleged she was sexually assaulted on the campus of Pass Christian High School.
She said attended a practice for an end-of-the-year program on April 20, 2015, in the
gymnasium. After the practice concluded, the supervising teacher left the premises, leaving
E.C. unsupervised. E.C. claims that, after the teacher left, M.G. sexually assaulted her while
G.J. and N.B. aided. Five days later, police asked the principal of Pass Christian High
School if the school had surveillance footage. Pass Christian did not possess any surveillance
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Initials are used to protect the confidentiality of the minors.
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footage that could confirm or deny the alleged assault, because the footage was taped over
every seventy-two hours.
¶5. A trial was conducted in the youth court, and the three alleged offenders were
adjudicated not delinquent. Plaintiffs then filed suit against Pass Christian in circuit court
for negligence.
¶6. Pass Christian first attempted to obtain the three youth-court files by issuing a
subpoena duces tecum from the circuit court on October 20, 2016. In response, the youth
court filed a motion for a protective order on October 31, 2016. A hearing was held before
the circuit court on November 30, 2016. The circuit court granted the youth court a
protective order, ruling that the disclosure of the record and transcript was within the
discretion of the youth court.
¶7. Pass Christian then tried to gain access to the youth-court records by filing three
separate petitions for the records in the youth court. The Plaintiffs filed a response objecting
to the release of the youth-court records on April 4, 2017. A hearing was held before the
youth court, and on May 24, 2017, the youth court entered an order denying Pass Christian’s
request for the records
¶8. On June 23, 2017, Pass Christian filed two notices of appeal, one to the circuit court
and one to this Court, along with a statement of the issues and designation of the record.
Pass Christian sought disclosure of the youth-court records and trial transcript. The appeal
to the circuit court was voluntarily dismissed on July 11, 2017. On August 29, 2017, the
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youth court entered an order excluding the youth-court record and transcript from the
appellate record.
¶9. On September 12, 2017, Pass Christian again sought access to the youth-court record
and trial transcript by filing a “Certificate of Examination and Proposed Corrections to the
Record on Appeal” in the youth court. Plaintiffs filed their “Certificate of Examination and
Opposition to Proposed Corrections of Appellant” in the youth court on September 25, 2017.
The attorney for M.G. filed a response opposing Pass Christian’s Certificate of Examination
and Proposed Corrections to the Record on Appeal on September 27, 2017. Pass Christian
then filed a motion to correct the record on appeal in the youth court on October 10, 2017.
The Plaintiffs filed a response opposing the motion on October 23, 2017. The youth court
entered an order on March 19, 2018, that denied access to the youth-court records and trial
transcript.
¶10. Once again, Pass Christian tried to gain access to the youth-court records and trial
transcript by filing a motion to correct the record on appeal in this Court on April 4, 2018.
Plaintiffs and the youth court filed responses opposing the motion on April 17, 2018. This
Court entered an order denying Pass Christian’s motion on August 2, 2018.
ISSUES
¶11. Pass Christian presents two issues on appeal: (1) whether denying the petitions for
youth-court records was an abuse of discretion and (2) whether keeping the youth-court
records and trial transcript confidential would deny it due process and fairness. These issues
overlap and will be discussed together.
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DISCUSSION
¶12. Disclosure of youth-court records is subject to the discretion of the youth-court judge.
Miss. Code. Ann. § 43-21-261(1); see also State v. U.G., 726 So. 2d 151, 154 (Miss. 1998).
Section 43-21-261 of the Mississippi Code governs disclosure of youth-court records and
states that
records involving children shall not be disclosed, other than to necessary staff
of the youth court or a Court-Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) volunteer
that may be assigned in an abuse and neglect case, except pursuant to an order
of the youth court specifying the person or persons to whom the records may
be disclosed, the extent of the records which may be disclosed and the purpose
of the disclosure. Such court orders for disclosure shall be limited to those
instances in which the youth court concludes, in its discretion, that disclosure
is required for the best interests of the child, the public safety or the function
of the youth court.
Miss. Code Ann. § 43-21-261(1) (Supp. 2018). If disclosure is deemed proper, the records
are to go only to:
(a) The judge of another youth court or member of another youth court staff;
(b) The court of the parties in a child custody or adoption cause in another
court;
(c) A judge of any other court or members of another court staff;
(d) Representatives of a public or private agency providing supervision or
having custody of the child under order of the youth court;
(e) Any person engaged in a bona fide research purpose, provided that no
information identifying the subject of the records shall be made available to
the researcher unless it is absolutely essential to the research purpose and the
judge gives prior written approval, and the child, through his or her
representative, gives permission to release the information;
(f) The Mississippi Department of Employment Security, or its duly authorized
representatives, for the purpose of a child’s enrollment into the Job Corps
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Training Program as authorized by Title IV of the Comprehensive
Employment Training Act of 1973 (29 USCS Section 923 et seq.). However,
no records, reports, investigations or information derived therefrom pertaining
to child abuse or neglect shall be disclosed;
(g) To any person pursuant to a finding by a judge of the youth court of
compelling circumstances affecting the health, safety or well-being of a child
and that such disclosure is in the best interests of the child or an adult who was
formerly the subject of a youth court delinquency proceeding.
Id. Pass Christian does not fit into any of those specified categories.
¶13. In In re J.E. v. State, 726 So. 2d 547, 549 (Miss. 1998), a criminal defendant sought
disclosure of the youth-court records of a minor who had accused him of sexual battery in
order to prepare his defense. We found that, in the interest of confidentiality, the defendant
had no right to full disclosure or inspection of the records. Id. at 553. For the same reasons,
disclosure of the youth-court record and trial transcripts directly to Pass Christian is
inappropriate.
¶14. But Pass Christian also requested that the youth-court record and trial transcript be
disclosed to the circuit court for an in camera review to determine relevance and
admissibility. In In re J.E., this Court went on to hold that although the defendant did not
have the right to full disclosure or inspection of the records, he did have the right to have the
records disclosed to the circuit court for an in camera review to determine if any information
material to the pending case was in the records. In re J.E., 726 So. 2d at 552-53. That is
what should be done here.
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¶15. Pass Christian is seeking the youth-court record and the transcript of witness
testimony because it believes that conflicting testimony may be in the record and transcript
that could aid in its defense. Concerning conflicting testimony, this Court has held,
The credibility of [the alleged victim’s] recanting testimony is the tightrope
upon which [the defendant’s] conviction stands or falls. The reasoning and
authorities establish that the youth court would abuse its discretion if it did not
authorize disclosure here.
Yarborough v. State, 514 So. 2d 1215, 1219 (Miss. 1987). In analyzing the holding in
Yarborough, this Court has said, “The implication of this statement is that this Court, at the
very least, contemplated the notion that a youth court ought to disclose youth court records
when such can provide the basis for the impeachment of a witness . . . .” J.E., 726 So. 2d
at 551.
¶16. This Court recognizes the statutory authority granted to the youth court to use its
discretion in deciding matters of disclosure. Confidentiality of youth-court proceedings is
crucial, but “[t]he right of ‘confidentiality’ on behalf of the child is a ‘qualified’ and not an
‘absolute’ privilege.” Daniels by Glass v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 634 So. 2d 88, 93 (Miss.
1993) (citing Ex Parte State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 529 So. 2d 975, 977 (Ala. 1988)). The
youth court should cooperate with the circuit court in order to achieve judicial economy and
efficiency all the while maintaining confidentiality, which are tenets of all of our courts.
¶17. As in J.E., two very important interests intersect in this case: the Plaintiffs’ interest
in the confidentiality of youth-court records and Pass Christian’s interest in receiving a fair
trial. “[T]he right to impeach or attack a witness’ credibility is secured both by the
Mississippi Rules of Evidence and the confrontation clauses of the state and federal
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constitutions.” J.E., 726 So. 2d at 550 (quoting Brown v. State, 690 So. 2d 276, 292 (Miss.
1996)). As the Daniels Court held, the search for truth requires a total view of the evidence.
Daniels, 634 So. 2d at 93. Allowing disclosure of information deemed relevant to Pass
Christian’s defense through an in camera review balances these two interests. “[T]he State’s
interest in the confidentiality of such records is protected, our statutory scheme is satisfied,
our youth courts function within constitutional parameters, and our rules of discovery are
honored, while allowing [Pass Christian] limited access to information which might prove
vital to [its] defense.” J.E., 726 So. 2d at 553.
¶18. The names and addresses of the witnesses who testified in the related youth-court
proceedings should be disclosed to Pass Christian. If Pass Christian believes there is
conflicting testimony, it may ask the circuit court to perform an in camera review. Then, if
the circuit court determines there is information relevant to Pass Christian’s defense, the
relevant information should be disclosed to Pass Christian.
¶19. Finally, all information disclosed shall be “limited for the purposes of the related civil
litigation.” In re R.J.M.B. v. Jackson Cty. Dep’t of Human Servs.,133 So. 3d 335, 341
(Miss. 2013) (citing Daniels, 634 So. 2d at 91).
CONCLUSION
¶20. In summary, the names and addresses of all witnesses who testified in the youth-court
proceeding should be made available to Pass Christian. Pass Christian can then depose those
persons. If Pass Christian believes any of the deponents testified contrary to their testimony
in the youth-court proceedings, it may ask the circuit judge to do an in camera review of the
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deponent’s earlier testimony. If the circuit judge finds contrary testimony, Pass Christian
may obtain the conflicting testimony to use in its defense. All information disclosed shall
be used only for purposes of the pending civil litigation.
¶21. AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART.
RANDOLPH, C.J., MAXWELL, BEAM AND GRIFFIS, JJ., CONCUR.
KING, P.J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY
KITCHENS, P.J.; COLEMAN AND CHAMBERLIN, JJ., JOIN IN PART.
COLEMAN, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION JOINED BY
CHAMBERLIN, J.
KING, PRESIDING JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶22. This Court engages in discovery for the Pass Christian School District, inappropriately
awarding it a remedy that Pass Christian does not request. Further, the Court preemptively,
and without setting a legal standard, orders the youth court to disclose its records to the
circuit court to potentially perform an in camera review of the youth-court records.
Therefore, I respectfully dissent.
¶23. The Court orders that “[t]he names and addresses of the witnesses who testified in the
related youth-court proceedings should be disclosed to Pass Christian.” Maj. Op. ¶ 18. Pass
Christian did not ask for the names and addresses of the testifying youth-court witnesses,
either from the youth court or this Court, nor has any party been availed the opportunity to
respond to this. See Pitchford v. State, 45 So. 3d 216, 232 (Miss. 2010) (“The trial court
cannot be held to err on an issue not presented to it for decision. . . . A trial court has no duty
to sua sponte second-guess decisions by . . . counsel.” (footnote omitted) (citation omitted));
Sanders v. State, 678 So. 2d 663, 669-70 (Miss. 1996) (Issues not raised in the appellant’s
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initial brief are waived. The appellees should not be denied an opportunity to respond to
arguments.). This Court has inappropriately created this remedy without a request to do so.
Pass Christian has presented no argument that this information is essential to its case, nor any
argument that it does not already know the identities of these witnesses. Indeed, it is highly
likely that Pass Christian could simply glean this information through discovery requests
and/or depositions, because Pass Christian clearly knows the identities of the four minors
directly involved in the alleged incident. I believe it is inappropriate for this Court to
proactively engage in discovery on behalf of Pass Christian and to order the youth court to
give Pass Christian information that Pass Christian did not request and that it could likely
obtain through other means.
¶24. The Court also preemptively orders the youth court to disclose the records to the
circuit court for a potential in camera review. The Court does not outline any standard for
when youth-court records should be disclosed in such a case as this: a civil case in which
none of the parties share privity of party with the youth who was the subject of the youth-
court case.2 In such a case, this Court must balance the importance of youth-court
2
The cases relied on by this Court are distinguishable. Daniels v. Wal-Mart Stores,
Inc. involves privity of party—the very youth-adjudicated delinquent sued Wal-Mart, his
victim, for defamation surrounding the same issue for which he was adjudicated delinquent.
Daniels v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 634 So. 2d 88 (Miss. 1993). The holding in Daniels is
very limited, as well, finding that the court did not err in admitting the youth-court
adjudication because the youth subject to the youth-court adjudication placed his character
directly at issue in the civil litigation. It also noted that Wal-Mart, as the victim, was already
entitled to information about the adjudication, without restriction as to the use of that
information. See In re R.J.M.B. v. Jackson Cty. Dep’t of Human Servs., 133 So. 3d 335,
341 (Miss. 2013) (“We hold that Daniels does not support the proposition that record
confidentiality is waived completely whenever a related civil suit is filed. ‘Daniels stands
only for the narrow proposition that a juvenile adjudication is admissible on the issue of
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confidentiality and the strict rules of Mississippi Code Section 43-21-261(1) (Supp. 2018)
with a civil defendant’s procedural due-process right to present a defense. This Court should
set a standard for such a balance. I suggest that this Court follow a balance similar to that
found in Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(3), which details when documents and
things prepared in anticipation of litigation are discoverable. Those items are discoverable
“only upon a showing that the party seeking discovery has substantial need of the materials
in the preparation of that party’s case and that the party is unable without undue hardship to
obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means.” M.R.C.P. 26(b)(3). In
civil litigation, a party seeking to have the civil court review youth-court records in camera
for relevance should first show that the party has a substantial need of the review in order to
preserve its procedural due-process right to present a defense. It should then show that it
cannot obtain these materials or information by other means without substantial hardship.
¶25. At this juncture, Pass Christian has shown neither need nor that it cannot otherwise
obtain this information. According to the record before this Court, Pass Christian has not yet
deposed the four minors directly involved. It merely asks that the records be disclosed to the
circuit court due to the potential that E.C. may give inconsistent statements in the future.
Such speculation does not demonstrate need. Pass Christian should be required to show need
through deposition testimony or other discovery, namely, to show that it was highly likely
character where that trait is at issue, such as, for example, in a slander suit.’” (quoting
Sample v. State, 643 So. 2d 524, 528 n.1 (Miss. 1994))). In re J.E. v. State is grounded in
the right of criminal defendants to receive from the State evidence favorable to the defense
and/or evidence material as to guilt or punishment. In re J.E. v. State, 726 So. 2d 547
(Miss. 1998).
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that inconsistent statements were made.3 Moreover, without depositions or other
documentation, it is difficult or impossible for Pass Christian to show that it cannot obtain
this information elsewhere. For example, in a deposition, E.C. may admit to any suspected
inconsistencies. It would be difficult for Pass Christian then to argue that it also needed the
confidential youth-court records to further bolster such an under-oath admission. At this
juncture, Pass Christian merely asks this Court to order that the confidential youth-court
records be disclosed to the circuit court to engage in a fishing expedition. While Pass
Christian may be able to establish a need for in camera review at a later point, it has not yet
done so. The importance of the confidentiality of youth-court records and the statute
requiring this confidentiality demand that we strike a stricter standard for disclosure of those
records than the majority offers. For that reason, I would affirm the youth court’s order and
remand the case for further proceedings without prejudice to Pass Christian’s ability to file
another petition seeking records that establish what is required under Mississippi Rule of
Civil Procedure 26(b)(3).
KITCHENS, P.J., JOINS THIS OPINION. COLEMAN AND CHAMBERLIN,
JJ., JOIN THIS OPINION IN PART.
COLEMAN, JUSTICE, DISSENTING:
¶30. The Harrison County Youth Court denied Pass Christian School District’s request to
release the youth court records pertaining to an alleged assault of a minor by three other
minor students. Because the youth court judge followed the dictates of the applicable statute
3
For example, Pass Christian could ask the three accused minors whether E.C.’s
deposition testimony was consistent with her testimony they witnessed at youth court.
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in refusing to disseminate the records at issue, and, with respect, because the majority does
not, I would affirm.
¶31. In her May 24, 2017, order, the youth court judge properly set forth the standard
required by statute, writing that “disclosure of records is allowed only where ‘the Youth
Court concludes, in its discretion, that disclosure is required for the best interests of the child,
the public safety or the functioning of the Youth Court’ . . . .” Her recitation of the standard
directly quotes Mississippi Code Section 43-21-261(1) (Supp. 2018).4 The youth court judge
noted that the three minors, whose best interest was at issue in deciding whether to release
the records, were not parties to the underlying action in circuit court involving the Pass
Christian school, and she found no valid ground for holding that the release of the record was
in the best interest of the minors.
¶32. The majority makes several reasonable and pragmatic arguments in favor of forcing
the release of parts of the youth court record. Maj. Op. ¶ 17. However, unlike the youth
court, the majority does not follow the Section 43-21-261(1) requirement that disclosure be
“required for the best interests of the child, the public safety or the functioning of the youth
court.”
¶33. I agree with Presiding Justice King that In re J.E. v. State, 726 So. 2d 547 (Miss.
1998), does not apply. The holding in In re J.E. rested in large part upon the application of
the Confrontation Clause of the United States Constitution to a criminal defendant’s request
for records in order to enable cross-examination of potential witnesses. In re J.E., 726 So.
4
Effective July 1, 2019, the Legislature amended Section 43-21-261, but the
amendments do not appear to change the standard.
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2d at 549 (¶ 6). The underlying litigation involving the Pass Christian School District is civil
in nature; accordingly, the Confrontation Clause and, by extension, In re J.E., do not apply.
¶34. Justice King correctly points out that the relief afforded by the majority, i.e., the
partial release of the files, has not been requested. To the extent that his separate opinion
makes the point, I join it. However, I, with respect, disagree with Justice King’s assertion
that the Court needs to create a standard for “when youth-court records should be disclosed
in a case such as this . . . .” King Dis. Op. ¶ 24. The standard, as noted above, is supplied
by statute.
CHAMBERLIN, J., JOINS THIS OPINION.
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Pass Christian School District v. Harrison County Youth Court of Mississippi
Combined Opinion