Rogers v. Pittston Company

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

FON ROGERS, II, Trustee and
Beneficiary for Lon B. Rogers
Bradshaw Trust #2,
Plaintiff-Appellee,

and

THAMES DEVELOPMENT, LTD.,
Plaintiff,

v.

THE PITTSTON COMPANY; JEWELL
No. 95-1721
RIDGE COAL CORPORATION,
Defendants-Appellants,

and

JEWELL SMOKELESS COAL
CORPORATION; VANSANT COAL
CORPORATION; MARYLON R. GLASS;
MARTHA R. PLASTER; JEWELL
RESOURCES CORPORATION,
Defendants.
FON ROGERS, II, Trustee and
Beneficiary for Lon B. Rogers
Bradshaw Trust #2,
Plaintiff-Appellant,

and

THAMES DEVELOPMENT, LTD.,
Plaintiff,

v.

THE PITTSTON COMPANY; JEWELL
No. 95-1776
RIDGE COAL CORPORATION,
Defendants-Appellees,

and

JEWELL SMOKELESS COAL
CORPORATION; VANSANT COAL
CORPORATION; MARYLON R. GLASS;
MARTHA R. PLASTER; JEWELL
RESOURCES CORPORATION,
Defendants.

Appeals from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Virginia, at Abingdon.
Samuel G. Wilson, District Judge.
(CA-92-19-A, CA-92-27-A)

Argued: April 1, 1996

Decided: April 30, 1996

Before WILKINSON, Chief Judge, and WILKINS and LUTTIG,
Circuit Judges.

_________________________________________________________________

Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded with instructions by
unpublished per curiam opinion.

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COUNSEL

ARGUED: Wade Wallihan Massie, PENN, STUART, ESKRIDGE
& JONES, Abingdon, Virginia, for Appellants. James R. Cox, HIRN,
DOHENY, REED & HARPER, Louisville, Kentucky, for Appellee.
ON BRIEF: Stephen M. Hodges, PENN, STUART, ESKRIDGE &
JONES, Abingdon, Virginia, for Appellants. Robert F. Houlihan, Jr.,
William L. Montague, Jr., STOLL, KEENON & PARK, Lexington,
Kentucky, for Appellee.

_________________________________________________________________

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).

_________________________________________________________________

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Appellants, Jewell Ridge Coal Company ("Jewell Ridge") and The
Pittston Company, appeal the district court's decision, following a
bench trial, granting damages to appellee, Fon Rogers, II, for Jewell
Ridge's breach of the fair mining proportion clause of a coal lease
contract. The district court determined that the fair mining proportion
clause included in a 1955 lease agreement and incorporated by refer-
ence into the 1970 lease agreement between Lon Rogers and Jewell
Ridge that is at issue in this case was ambiguous. After consideration
of parole evidence, the court determined that the intent of the parties
was that Jewell Ridge was required to mine Rogers' coal on a "sub-
stantially equal" basis with coal located on the adjacent property
belonging to Pocahontas Mining Corporation ("PMC"). J.A. at 921,
923-24. From 1987 until the time of trial, Jewell Ridge mined
1,078,901 tons of coal from PMC's property and no coal from Rog-
ers' property. Accordingly, the district court determined that the
appellants breached the contract and awarded Rogers damages in the
amount of $639,458.19, plus interest.1 The district court arrived at its
_________________________________________________________________
1 The district court also rejected numerous other arguments raised by
Jewell Ridge in defense, including that recovery was barred by the stat-

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calculation by multiplying the total tonnage mined by Jewell Ridge
(1,078,901 tons) by the applicable royalty rate.

We have carefully considered the arguments raised by the parties
in their briefs and at oral argument with respect to the district court's
determination that Jewell Ridge had in fact breached the fair mining
proportion clause and that Rogers was entitled to recovery, and we
affirm the decision of the district court to award damages on the rea-
soning of that court. However, the district court's calculation of dam-
ages based on the full amount of the difference between the coal
mined on Rogers' property and the coal mined on PMC's property,
rather than on half the difference, was in error. Calculating damages
based on half the difference achieves the contractual requirement that
the coal be mined on an equal basis. If Rogers is awarded damages
based on the entire difference, he will be put in a better position than
if the contract had not been breached and will in effect be awarded
double damages.2

We also reverse the district court's decision with respect to the tim-
ing of recoupment of the damages. Both parties agree that Jewell
Ridge should be permitted to recoup its damages, since the coal on
which the damages are based remains in the ground, but the parties
disagree over the timing of recoupment. The district court determined
that recoupment should be allowed on the last coal mined from Rog-
ers' property, reasoning that allowing immediate recoupment would
deprive Rogers of the benefit of his bargain. J.A. at 924 n.9. This
determination was in error. Rogers was awarded interest on the total
amount of damages and thus was made whole for Jewell Ridge's
breach. We find nothing in the coal lease or damages law that sug-
_________________________________________________________________

ute of limitations, that Rogers was equitably estopped from asserting a
breach of the fair mining proportion clause, and that Rogers' voluntary
dismissal of his claims against another defendant barred recovery against
the appellants.
2 Rogers, who bears the burden of proving the amount of his damages,
failed to produce any evidence that Jewell Ridge had the capacity to dou-
ble its output for the years in question. Presumably, if Jewell Ridge could
have profitably sold more than a million tons of coal, it would have done
so.

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gests that Jewell Ridge should be required to wait decades (until Rog-
ers' coal is exhausted) to recoup its damages.

Although Jewell Ridge is entitled to immediate recoupment of its
damages, the proper recoupment formula is one-half of the next coal
mined on Rogers' property which exceeds that mined on PMC's prop-
erty. Permitting immediate recoupment on only one-half of the excess
coal mined on Rogers' property protects Rogers' contractual right to
substantially equal mining. This can best be demonstrated by a simple
example. Assume that in year one, Jewell Ridge breached its contract
and mined a million tons of coal on PMC's property and none on
Rogers', and paid Rogers damages on 500,000 tons (in effect what
occurred here). Because of the damage award, Rogers' property has,
at the end of year one, in effect been mined on a substantially equal
basis. Assume in year two, in order to recoup its damages, Jewell
Ridge mines 500,000 tons from Rogers' property and none from
PMC's. If Jewell Ridge were entitled to recoup all 500,000 tons, then,
after year two, Rogers would have been paid for only 500,000 tons
despite the fact that 1,500,000 tons were mined, thus depriving Rog-
ers of an equal proportion. However, if Jewell Ridge were entitled to
recoup one-half the excess coal mined on Rogers' property, then, after
year two, Rogers would have received royalties on 750,000 tons, one-
half of the 1,500,000 tons mined, and thus would receive the benefit
of his bargain while Jewell Ridge would receive the right to immedi-
ate recoupment (and could recoup the remaining 250,000 tons in a
later year). Thus, under the coal lease, Jewell Ridge is entitled to
recoup its damages in the amount of one-half of every ton mined on
Rogers' property that exceeds that mined on PMC's property in a
given year.

Rogers also cross-appeals the district court's determination that the
lease provided Jewell Ridge the right to process and dump non-
Rogers Jewell Ridge coal at a plant located on Rogers' property. We
have carefully considered the arguments raised by the parties in their
briefs and at oral argument, and we affirm the judgment of the district
court concerning the issues raised in the cross-appeal on the reasoning
of that court.

CONCLUSION

We affirm the judgment of the district court except insofar as it
relates to the calculation of damages and the timing and calculation

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of recoupment. We remand the case to the district court to recalculate
damages based on one-half of the difference between the coal mined
on PMC's property and the coal mined on Rogers' property.

AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED
WITH INSTRUCTIONS

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