Robinson Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, LLC, D/B/A Robinson Nursing and Rehabilitation Center v. Andrew Phillips, as Personal Representative of the Estate of Dorothy Phillips And on Behalf of the Wrongful Death Beneficiaries of Dorothy Phillips And on Behalf of Themselves and All Others Similarly Situated

Cite as 2023 Ark. 175
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
No. CV-23-340

Opinion Delivered: November 30, 2023

ROBINSON NURSING AND
REHABILITATION CENTER, LLC, APPEAL FROM THE PULASKI
D/B/A ROBINSON NURSING AND COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT, SIXTH
REHABILITATION CENTER DIVISION
APPELLANT [NO. 60CV-14-4568]

V. HONORABLE TIMOTHY DAVIS
FOX, JUDGE
ANDREW PHILLIPS, AS PERSONAL
REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE REMANDED WITH
OF DOROTHY PHILLIPS; AND ON INSTRUCTIONS.
BEHALF OF THE WRONGFUL
DEATH BENEFICIARIES OF
DOROTHY PHILLIPS; AND ON
BEHALF OF THEMSELVES AND ALL
OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED
APPELLEE

SHAWN A. WOMACK, Associate Justice

This is the fifth appeal before this court regarding a class-action suit brought against

Robinson Nursing and Rehabilitation Center, LLC.1 The current appeal stems from two

Pulaski County Circuit Court orders denying Appellant’s “Motion to Enforce Arbitration

Agreements and to Compel Class Members with Arbitration Agreements to Submit Their

Claims to Binding Arbitration.” This is the third appeal regarding the circuit court’s orders

1
See Robinson Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2022 Ark. 193 (Phillips IV);
Robinson Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2022 Ark. 109 (Phillips III); Robinson Nursing
& Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2019 Ark. 305, 586 S.W.3d 624, cert. denied, 141 S. Ct.
161 (2020) (Phillips II); Robinson Nursing & Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2017 Ark. 162, 519
S.W.3d 291 (Phillips I).
on these motions. Because the circuit court’s orders do not meet the requirements set forth

by this court in Phillips III and Phillips IV, remand is necessary. Moreover, as discussed later

in more detail, due to the circuit court’s systematic failure to adhere to this court’s

instructions, the case shall be reassigned on remand. On remand and reassignment, the

circuit court is ordered to issue specific findings with respect to each arbitration agreement

and resident at issue.

I. Facts

The facts in this case were set forth in at length in Phillips I and Phillips II.2 In

addition, Phillips IV summarizes those facts. The relevant facts for the purpose of this appeal

are as follows.

After this court’s ruling in Phillips II, Robinson moved to enforce arbitration

agreements and to compel 197 residents with arbitration agreements to submit their claims

to binding arbitration. The circuit court entered an order on March 19, 2021, granting

arbitration as to 93 residents and denying arbitration as to the remaining 104 residents.

In Phillips III, we held that “the circuit court [had] made no findings whatsoever” and

remanded the case with instructions to the circuit court to make findings on its decision to

deny Robinson’s motion to compel arbitration. 2022 Ark. 109, at 2.

2
In Phillips I, we affirmed the circuit court’s grant of class certification with respect
to Phillips’s claims of breach of contract, a violation of the Arkansas Deceptive Trade
Practices Act, and unjust enrichment, and we reversed with respect to Phillips’s negligence
claim. Phillips I, 2017 Ark. 162, at 14–16, 519 S.W.3d at 301–02. Robinson then sought
to compel arbitration of the claims of its 544 residents identified in the class. We affirmed
the circuit court’s denial of Robinson’s motions to compel arbitration of its arbitration
agreements that contained deficiencies. Phillips II, 2019 Ark. 305, at 21, 586 S.W.3d at 637.
We also reversed and remanded with respect to those arbitration agreements not otherwise
held to be invalid in Phillips II. Id., 586 S.W.3d at 637.

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 On June 4, 2021, Robinson filed a memorandum motion to enforce arbitration

agreements and to compel 33 residents with arbitration agreements to submit their claims

to binding arbitration. On October 25, 2021, the circuit court entered an order granting

in part with respect to 15 residents and denying in part with respect to 18 residents.

Robinson appealed, and Phillips cross-appealed. In Phillips IV, we held that “the circuit

court again made no findings whatsoever” and remanded the case with instructions to the

circuit court to make specific findings on its decision to deny Robinson’s motion to compel

arbitration, consistent with our opinion in Phillips III.

On January 23, 2023, pursuant to Phillips III, the circuit court entered an order with

respect to Robinson’s “Motion to Enforce Arbitration Agreements and to Compel

Arbitration” of 197 residents. On February 22, 2023, pursuant to Phillips IV, the circuit

court entered an order with respect to Robinson’s “Motion to Enforce Arbitration

Agreements and to Compel Arbitration” of 33 residents. The current appeal is from these

two orders.

II. Analysis

The circuit court’s January and February orders fail to adhere to this court’s holdings

in Phillips III and Phillips IV. Because the circuit court refuses to make specific findings that

provide the parties and this court with a rationale for its decisions, we must remand to the

circuit court with the specific instructions provided herein. In Phillips III, this court held

that the circuit court “made no findings whatsoever” in its March 19, 2021, order that was

at issue. 2022 Ark. 109, at 2. There, the circuit court ruled on Robinson’s motion to

enforce arbitration agreements, as follows:

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 Defendant’s Memorandum Motion to Enforce Arbitration Agreements And To
Compel Class Members With Arbitration Agreements To Submit Their Claims To
Binding Arbitration, filed on March 1, 2021 is granted in part and denied in
part. It is granted with respect to the following plaintiff class members:
Loutelia Aldrich, Cathey Alexander, Jacquelyn Alexander, Rickey Bell, Linda
Bates, Robert Bettger, Laura Birchett, Chanely Blanchard, Edward Burks,
Peggy Carr, Emma Cash, Rebecca Coleman, Elmer Cool, Reba Crawford,
Alice Cresswell, Betty Crosno, Dorothy Dale, James Dalton, James Davis, Jr.,
Loretta Davis-Wood, Alice Day, Donna Deloach, Anthony Dozier, Harold
Fortson, Virginia Fowler, Barbara Franke, Charles Garner, Timothy Gayle,
Cynthia Gibson, Douglas Glenn, Bill Grace, John Gunn, Renwick Hannah,
George Harrington, Daniel Hasty, Fredrick Haverty, John Heffeman, Debbie
Higgs, Gwendolyn Hodge, Jean Hopkins, Billy House, Christina llronas, Jane
Lorene Hudson Geraldene Jefferson, Judith Jenders, Carolyn Johnson, George
Jones, Ronald Jones, James Lawrence, Raymond McGehee, Dennis Melton,
Ophelia Mitchell, Mary Pennington, Michelle Price, Susan Quaile, Billie
Reed, Brian Richendollar, Emma Roberts, Linda Rolen, Tommy Romero,
Sandra Ross, Zelma Rosser, Norma Rowell, John Ryan, Robert Sadler,
Charles Sanford, Bobby Saylor, Mary Scroggins, Lloyd Septer, Martha
Shillcutt, Mark Simpson, Lillian Skinner, Gina Smith, Patrice Smith, Rose
Smithwick, Barbara Springer, Beverly Stewart, Debra Stewart, Richard F.
Stokes III, Leslie Stoll, Roy Thomas, Dwight Thompson, Dorothy Ulrich,
Joe Walker, Joe Watkins, Barbara Webster, Brenda Westbrook, Lena White,
Emma Whitehead, Charlotte Williams, Gary Williams, Garrett Wilson, and
Faber Winton, Jr. The motion is denied with respect to any plaintiff class
members not specifically enumerated above.

This court in Phillips IV held that the circuit court’s October 25, 2021, order, “again

made no findings, other than granting in part and denying in part as to certain residents,

without stating the basis for its decision.” 2022 Ark. 193, at 4. The circuit court ruled on

Robinson’s motion to enforce arbitration agreements as follows:

Defendant’s Memorandum Motion to Enforce Arbitration Agreements And To
Compel Class Members With Arbitration Agreements To Submit Their Claims To
Binding Arbitration, filed on June 4, 2021, is granted in part and denied in part.
The motion is granted with respect to: Elane Britt, Natalie Canard, John
Dodds, Robert Hancock, Dorothy Jackson, Johnnie Jones, Bryan Lawrence,
Elisa Miller, Penny Passe, Mona Roseanna Rea (listed on admission

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 agreement as “Rea Mona Roseanna,” Dakeisha Ruffin, Terryl Sipes,
Rudolph Walker, Corrine Walters, and Juanita Wilburn. The motion is
denied with respect to: Wanda Bridges, Donna Casey, Iva Burns Knowles,
Wanda Dorrell, Pamela Harris, Robert Haymes, Clarice Lackie, Craig
MacDonald, Mary Magee, Naomi Maynard, Bill McCord, Thomas Myrick,
Larry Pippen, Robert Rose, Margie Ruple, Charles Shryock, Shirley Taylor,
and Vernie Throneberry.

This court in Phillips III stated, “It is essential that we are made aware of the circuit

court’s rationale for its decision so that we can conduct a proper appellate review.” 2019

Ark. 109, at 2. Likewise, this court in Phillips IV made clear, “In order to conduct a proper

appellate review, we must know the circuit court’s rationale for its decision.” 2022 Ark.

193, at 4. Unfortunately, the circuit court’s January and February orders once again fail to

provide this court with the rationale for its decisions.

Here, in its January order, the circuit court ruled on Robinson’s motion to enforce

arbitration agreements, as follows:

The motion to compel arbitration was granted with respect to the ninety-
three (93) residents having an Admission Agreement/Arbitration Agreement
in which: (i) the blanks for the parties were completed therefore identifying
the parties to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/
Arbitration Agreement was dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration
Agreement was signed by a representative of the nursing home, (iv) in those
cases where the documents involved a Resident’s signature, if the Resident’s
signature clearly and legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreement
/Arbitration Agreement, and (v) in those cases where the documents involved
a Responsible Party’s signature, if the Responsible Party’s signature clearly
and legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement,
together with supporting documentation that the Responsible Party had been
previously adjudicated as the legal guardian of the Resident or a Durable
Power of Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration had been executed
by the Resident in favor of the Responsible Party.

The motion to compel arbitration was denied with respect to the one-
hundred four (104) residents having an Admission Agreement/ Arbitration
Agreement in which one or more of the following factors existed: (i) the

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 blanks for the parties were not completed so there was no identification of the
parties to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/
Arbitration Agreement was not dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/
Arbitration Agreement was not signed by a representative of the nursing
home, (iv) in those cases where the documents involved a Resident’s
signature, if the court could not factually conclude that the Resident actually
signed the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, and/or (v) in those
cases where the documents involved a Responsible Party’s signature, if the
court could not factually conclude that the Responsible Party’s signature
appeared on the Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration Agreement, or if there
was no supporting documentation that the Responsible Party had been
previously adjudicated as the legal guardian of the Resident or didn’t have a
Durable Power of Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration.

In its February order, the circuit court ruled on Robinson’s motion to enforce

arbitration agreements, as follows:

The motion to compel arbitration was granted with respect to fifteen (15)
residents having an Admission Agreement/ Arbitration Agreement in which:
(i) the blanks for the parties were completed, therefore identifying the parties
to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration
Agreement was dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration
Agreement was signed by a representative of the nursing home; (iv) in those
cases where the documents involved a Resident’s signature, if the Resident’s
signature clearly and legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreement/
Arbitration Agreement, and (v) in those cases where the documents involved
a Responsible Party’s signature, if the Responsible Party’s signature clearly
and legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreements/Arbitration Agreement,
together with supporting documentation that the Responsible Party had been
previously adjudicated as the legal guardian of the Resident or a Durable
Power of Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration had been executed
by the Resident in favor of the Responsible Party.

The motion to compel arbitration was denied with respect to the eighteen
(18) residents having an Admission Agreement/ Arbitration Agreement in
which one or more of the following factors existed: (i) the blanks for the
parties were not completed so there was no identification of the parties to be
bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration
Agreement was not dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration
Agreement was not signed by a representative of the nursing home, (iv) in
those cases where the documents involved a Resident’s signature, if the court
could not factually conclude that the Resident actually signed the Admissions

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 Agreement/ Arbitration Agreement, and/or (v) in those cases where the
documents involved a Responsible Party’s signature, if the court could not
factually conclude that the Responsible Party’s signature appeared on the
Admissions Agreement/ Arbitration Agreement, or if there was no supporting
documentation that the Responsible party had been previously adjudicated as
the legal guardian of the Resident or did not have the a Durable Power of
Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration.

Again, the circuit court failed to provide either this court or the parties with specific

findings. Instead, the orders merely refer to a number of residents of Robinson (rather than

identifying the names of specific residents the orders apply to) and state whether the motion

to compel arbitration was granted or denied based on one or more of five factors.

The circuit court’s mere citation to a list of factors that may or may not have been

relevant to a number of residents in granting or denying Appellant’s motions fails to

adequately provide this court with a rationale for its decisions. What’s more, the circuit

court’s most recent orders do not contain the name of a single resident. Thus, these most

recent orders are not in accord with either the letter or spirit of this court’s holdings in

Phillips III and IV. Once more we are left without a rationale for the circuit court’s

decisions. Absent specific findings, this court cannot conduct a proper appellate review.

Rather than providing this court with specific findings, over half the circuit court’s

January 23, 2023, order is devoted to making denigrating comments about the justices who

were in the majority in Phillips III. Such action by the circuit court violates Rules 1.2 and

2.2 of the Code of Judicial Conduct and merits a rebuke by the judiciary. See, e.g., Smith v.

Pavan, 2016 Ark. 437, at 21, 505 S.W.3d 169, 180 (admonishing Judge Fox “for his

inappropriate comments made while performing the duties of his judicial office”). Once

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more, this court admonishes Judge Timothy Davis Fox for the wholly inappropriate

comments he made while performing his judicial duties.

Further, because Judge Fox has repeatedly failed or refused to comply with this

court’s instructions regarding making specific findings, it is now necessary that this case be

reassigned. Reassignment is in the best interest of the parties involved as it promotes judicial

efficiency and the ultimate resolution of this case. Amendment 80, section 4 of the Arkansas

Constitution provides that this court exercises general superintending control over all the

courts of this state. “Superintending control is an extraordinary power that is hampered by

no specific rules or means.” Parker v. Crow, 2010 Ark. 371, 368 S.W.3d 902. This court

has invoked amendment 80, section 4 to reassign cases in the past and elects to do so here.

See, e.g., In re Pulaski Cty. Cir. Ct, Fifth Div., No. 17-155 (Apr. 17, 2017) (assignment

order). Accordingly, pursuant to amendment 80, section 4, this case shall be reassigned on

remand. The administrative judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit shall be responsible for

determining the appropriate division to assign this case to on remand. The reassignment by

the administrative judge shall be made within ten days of the mandate issuing in this case.

Because the circuit court failed to provide this court with specific findings with

respect to each arbitration agreement and individual resident, we remand with instructions

for the circuit court to make these specific findings. Such findings are necessary for this

court to conduct a proper appellate review. See Phillips III, 2022 Ark. 109 at 2 (citing Bank

of the Ozarks, Inc. v. Walker, 2014 Ark. 223, 434 S.W.3d 357). We also instruct that this

case be reassigned upon remand.

Remanded with instructions.

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 Special Justice TIFFANY MILLIGAN BROWN joins.

BAKER and HUDSON, JJ., dissent.

WOOD, J., not participating.

KAREN R. BAKER, Justice, dissenting. I dissent from the majority’s decision to,

yet again, remand to the circuit court. The majority states that remand is necessary because

“the circuit court’s orders do not meet the requirements set forth by this court in Phillips III

and Phillips IV.” I disagree. In my view, the circuit court complied with the requirements

set forth in Phillips III and Phillips IV, and instead of remanding, we should reach the merits

of the appeal.

Specifically, in Phillips III, the majority stated that “in ruling on Robinson’s motion

to compel arbitration, the circuit court made no findings whatsoever.” Robinson Nursing &

Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2022 Ark. 109, at 2. The majority went on to explain that

“[i]t is essential that we are made aware of the circuit court’s rationale for its decision so that

we can conduct a proper appellate review . . . we remand this case to the circuit court and

instruct it to make findings regarding its decision denying Robinson’s motion to compel

arbitration.” Id. at 2. On remand from Phillips III, the circuit court found as follows:

The motion to compel arbitration was granted with respect to the ninety-
three (93) residents having an Admission Agreement/Arbitration Agreement
in which: (i) the blanks for the parties were completed therefore identifying
the parties to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was dated, (iii) the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was signed by a representative of the
nursing home, (iv) in those cases where the documents involved a Resident’s
signature, if the Resident’s signature clearly and legibly appeared on the
Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, and (v) in those cases where
the documents involved a Responsible Party’s signature, if the Responsible

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 Party’s signature clearly and legibly appeared on the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, together with supporting documentation
that the Responsible Party had been previously adjudicated as the legal
guardian of the Resident or a Durable Power of Attorney that specifically
addressed arbitration had been executed by the Resident in favor of the
Responsible Party.

The motion to compel arbitration was denied with respect to the one-
hundred four (104) residents having an Admission Agreement/Arbitration
Agreement in which one or more of the following factors existed: (i) the
blanks for the parties were not completed so there was no identification of the
parties to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was not dated, (iii) the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was not signed by a representative of the
nursing home, (iv) in those cases where the documents involved a Resident’s
signature, if the court could not factually conclude that the Resident actually
signed the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, and/or (v) in those
cases where the documents involved a Responsible Party’s signature, if the
court could not factually conclude that the Responsible Party’s signature
appeared on the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, or if there
was no supporting documentation that the Responsible Party had been
previously adjudicated as the legal guardian of the Resident or didn’t have a
Durable Power of Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration.

Then in a separate order on remand from Phillips IV, the circuit court found:

The motion to compel arbitration was granted with respect to fifteen (15)
residents having an Admission Agreement/Arbitration Agreement in which:
(i) the blanks for the parties were completed, therefore identifying the parties
to be bound by such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration
Agreement was dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement
was signed by a representative of the nursing home; (iv) in those cases where
the documents involved a Resident’s signature, if the Resident’s signature
clearly and legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration
Agreement, and (v) in those cases where the documents involved a
Responsible Party’s signature, if the Responsible Party’s signature clearly and
legibly appeared on the Admissions Agreements/Arbitration Agreement,
together with supporting documentation that the Responsible Party had been
previously adjudicated as the legal guardian of the Resident or a Durable
Power of Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration had been executed
by the Resident in favor of the Responsible Party.

The motion to compel arbitration was denied with respect to the eighteen
(18)

10
 residents having an Admission Agreement/Arbitration Agreement in which
one or more of the following factors existed: (i) the blanks for the parties were
not completed so there was no identification of the parties to be bound by
such agreements; (ii) the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was
not dated, (iii) the Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement was not
signed by a representative of the nursing home, (iv) in those cases where the
documents involved a Resident’s signature, if the court could not factually
conclude that the Resident actually signed the Admissions
Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, and/or (v) in those cases where the
documents involved a Responsible Party’s signature, if the court could not
factually conclude that the Responsible Party’s signature appeared on the
Admissions Agreement/Arbitration Agreement, or if there was no supporting
documentation that the Responsible party had been previously adjudicated as
the legal guardian of the Resident or did not have the a Durable Power of
Attorney that specifically addressed arbitration.

Having reviewed the above orders, I would hold that they do comply with Phillips

III and Phillips IV as they specifically identify the circuit court’s rationale for its decisions.

The majority now requires that the circuit court “issue specific findings with respect to each

arbitration agreement and resident at issue.” However, this was not required in either

Phillips III or Phillips IV. Once again, the majority “chooses to skirt the merits and punt

this matter back to the circuit court to ‘complete’ a task that it already did.” Robinson Nursing

& Rehab. Ctr., LLC v. Phillips, 2022 Ark. 109, at 3 (Hudson, J., dissenting).

Additionally, I note that the first amended complaint was filed in this case in

September 2015. Thus, the majority’s erroneous decision to remand this case is further

compounded by its decision to now reassign this case to a different circuit court judge—

after over eight years of litigation. Again, our review is de novo, and as pointed out by the

dissent in Phillips III, the decision to remand for findings is “a waste of judicial resources,

along with the litigants’ time and money.” 2022 Ark. 109, at 3 (Hudson, J., dissenting).

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 Accordingly, I dissent from the result reached by the majority and would reach the

merits of this appeal.

HUDSON, J., joins.

Hardin, Jesson & Terry, PLC (Little Rock), by: Jeffrey W. Hatfield, Kynda Almefty, and

Carol Ricketts; and Hardin, Jesson & Terry, PLC (Fort Smith), by: Kirkman T. Dougherty and

Stephanie I. Randall, for appellant.

Campbell Law Firm, P.A., by: H. Gregory Campbell; and Marks, Balette, Giessel &

Young, PLLC, by: David Marks, Jacques Balette, and Brent Marks, for appellees.

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