Appellate Case: 23-1035 Document: 010110965316 Date Filed: 12/08/2023 Page: 1
FILED
United States Court of Appeals
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Tenth Circuit
FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT December 8, 2023
_________________________________
Christopher M. Wolpert
Clerk of Court
In re: MATTHEW CURTIS WITT,
Debtor.
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NOEL WEST LANE, III,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. No. 23-1035
(BAP No. 22-007-CO)
MATTHEW CURTIS WITT; NICOLE (Bankruptcy Appellate Panel)
WITT; TORREY LIVENICK; LIVENICK
LAW,
Defendants - Appellees.
_________________________________
ORDER AND JUDGMENT*
_________________________________
Before EID, CARSON, and ROSSMAN, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________
Noel West Lane, III, appearing pro se, appeals the judgment of the United
States Bankruptcy Panel of the Tenth Circuit (BAP). The BAP concluded it lacked
*
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist in the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding
precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral
estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with
Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1.
Appellate Case: 23-1035 Document: 010110965316 Date Filed: 12/08/2023 Page: 2
jurisdiction over Lane’s appeal of two bankruptcy court orders because his notice of
appeal was untimely. The BAP also affirmed the bankruptcy court’s denial of Lane’s
motion for reconsideration. Exercising jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d)(1), we
affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
A dispute between Lane and defendant Matthew Curtis Witt has a nearly
fifteen-year history that we need not recount. For our purposes, it is enough to know
that Lane has long sought relief (unsuccessfully) from Witt, including through
numerous judicial proceedings, for alleged mortgage fraud that allegedly caused
Lane’s bankruptcy.
This appeal arises from one of Lane’s efforts to secure relief from Witt—an
adversary proceeding Lane brought in Witt’s bankruptcy case naming multiple
defendants, including Witt and an attorney for a third party, Torrey Livenick. Lane
alleged Witt and others were involved in the destruction of forty-four boxes of Witt’s
business documents Lane believe were pertinent to the alleged mortgage fraud. The
defendants filed motions to dismiss the adversary proceeding. The bankruptcy court
granted those motions by order dated November 24, 2021, see R. at 478–86, and a
corrected order filed on January 10, 2022, see R. at 1424–32 (Dismissal Order). On
March 9, 2022, the bankruptcy court granted motions for sanctions Witt and Livenick
filed. The court concluded Lane had filed the adversary proceeding for an improper
purpose (the court had warned Lane in a prior adversary proceeding that Witt’s
bankruptcy case was an improper forum for litigating disputes related to the boxes of
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business documents) and imposed $2,000 in sanctions. See R. at 231–34 (Sanctions
Order).
On March 22, Lane filed a motion to extend the time to file a motion related to
the Sanctions Order, but he did not request an extension of time to appeal the
Sanctions Order. See R. at 176–78. The bankruptcy court granted the motion to
enlarge. See R. at 183. On April 6, Lane filed a motion seeking to stay the Sanctions
Order until the bankruptcy court held a hearing to reconsider the sanctions (Motion
for Reconsideration). R. at 497–502. On April 15, the bankruptcy court denied the
Motion for Reconsideration, finding it “fail[ed] to set forth adequate grounds to grant
the requested relief.” R. at 415 (Order Denying Reconsideration).
On April 20, 2022, Lane filed a notice of appeal to the BAP, identifying the
order denying his Motion for Reconsideration as the subject of the appeal. See
R at 1775. In his amended appeal brief, however, Lane also sought reversal of the
Dismissal Order and the Sanctions Order. See R. at 1748–49, 1760.
The BAP concluded that Lane’s notice of appeal was untimely as to both
the Dismissal Order and the Sanctions Order, and therefore the BAP lacked
jurisdiction to review those orders. See R. at 16–19; see also 28 U.S.C. § 158(c)(2)
(bankruptcy appeals to be taken “in the time provided by [Bankruptcy] Rule 8002”);
Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8002(a)(1) (subject to certain exceptions, “a notice of appeal must
be filed with the bankruptcy clerk within 14 days after entry of the judgment, order,
or decree being appealed”); Emann v. Latture (In re Latture), 605 F.3d 830, 832
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(10th Cir. 2010) (“[T]he failure to file a timely notice of appeal from a bankruptcy
court’s order constitutes a jurisdictional defect.”).
The BAP explained that Lane’s notice of appeal from the Dismissal Order was
due by January 24, 2022, but he had filed no timely notice of appeal or any motion
that might have tolled the time to appeal that order. Consequently, the BAP
concluded, it lacked jurisdiction to review that order. See R. at 17–18.
Turning to the Sanctions Order, the BAP reasoned as follows: Federal Rule of
Bankruptcy Procedure 9023 provides a fourteen-day time period to file a motion to
reconsider. Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9006(b)(2) precludes the
bankruptcy court from enlarging that time period. Therefore, the bankruptcy court
erred in granting Lane an extension of time to file the Motion for Reconsideration.
But despite that error, Lane was still obligated to file a notice of appeal within
fourteen days of the Sanctions Order yet failed to do so. And because Lane’s Motion
for Reconsideration was not filed within Rule 9023’s fourteen-day time limit, it was
untimely and therefore did not toll the time to file a notice of appeal of the Sanctions
Order, regardless of the bankruptcy court’s disposition of that motion on the merits.
See R. at 19 & n.28 (citing, inter alia, Banner Bank v. Robertson (In re Robertson),
774 F. App’x 453, 466 (10th Cir. 2019), which held “that an untimely Rule 9023
motion is ineffective to toll the time to file a notice of appeal under 28 U.S.C.
§ 158(c)(2) and Bankruptcy Rule 8002(a) regardless of whether the bankruptcy court
disposes of the motion on the merits or whether an opposing party raises in the
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bankruptcy court a timeliness objection to that court’s consideration of the
motion.”).1
As to the Order Denying Reconsideration, the BAP concluded the notice of
appeal was timely, R. at 14, but affirmed that order on the merits because the Motion
for Reconsideration merely rehashed arguments Lane made in opposition to the
motions for sanctions, R. at 23–24.
Lane filed a timely appeal from the BAP’s judgment. R. at 8–9.
II. DISCUSSION
We afford Lane’s pro se filings a liberal construction. See Garrett v. Selby
Connor Maddux & Janer, 425 F.3d 836, 840 (10th Cir. 2005). Even so, we discern
no argument in his opening brief that the BAP erred in concluding the bankruptcy
court did not abuse its discretion in denying the Motion for Reconsideration. Lane
has therefore waived appellate review of that ruling. See Sawyers v. Norton,
962 F.3d 1270, 1286 (10th Cir. 2020) (“Issues not raised in the opening brief are
deemed abandoned or waived.” (internal quotation marks omitted)).
Next, we perceive only three arguments in Lane’s opening brief that can be
construed as touching on the BAP’s conclusion that Lane failed to file a timely
appeal from either the Dismissal Order or the Sanctions Order. We begin with the
first two. First, Lane contends his untimely notice of appeal should be excused
because he identified the incorrect order from which to measure the time to appeal.
1
In the alternative, the BAP determined the bankruptcy court did not abuse its
discretion by entering the Sanctions Order. R. at 20–22.
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See Aplt. Opening Br. at 13, 17. Second, Lane appears to contend he confused
Bankruptcy Rule 8002(a)(1)’s fourteen-day period for filing a notice of appeal with
Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(1)(A)’s thirty-day period (although he does
not cite either rule). See id. at 11–12 & n.13.
Neither of these arguments is sufficiently developed to invoke appellate
review. Although we make “some allowances” for pro se litigants’ “failure to cite
proper legal authority,” “confusion of various legal theories,” “poor syntax and
sentence construction,” and “unfamiliarity with pleading requirements,” we still
expect them to follow the same procedural rules “that govern other litigants.”
Garrett, 425 F.3d at 840 (internal quotation marks omitted). And “the court cannot
take on the responsibility of serving as the litigant’s attorney in constructing
arguments and searching the record.” Id. As we have said, “[t]he first task of an
appellant is to explain to us why the district court’s decision was wrong.” Nixon v.
City & Cnty. of Denver, 784 F.3d 1364, 1366 (10th Cir. 2015). Thus, Rule
28(a)(8)(A) requires an appellant’s opening brief to contain “the argument, which
must contain . . . appellant’s contentions and the reasons for them, with citations to
the authorities and parts of the record on which the appellant relies.” “Under
Rule 28, which applies equally to pro se litigants, a brief must contain more than a
generalized assertion of error, with citations to supporting authority.” Garrett,
425 F.3d at 841 (ellipsis and internal quotation marks omitted). “When a pro se
litigant fails to comply with that rule, we cannot fill the void by crafting arguments
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and performing the necessary legal research.” Id. (brackets and internal quotation
marks omitted).
Although Lane does cite to the record, his arguments regarding the BAP’s
conclusion that it lacked jurisdiction over his appeal from the Dismissal and
Sanctions Orders are conclusory and unsupported by any legal authority. Nor does
Lane explain why his asserted confusion demonstrates that the BAP erred. We are
thus left to guess what legal theories he might be invoking. And even if we guessed
(and guessed correctly),2 it is Lane’s job, not ours, to develop the argument and at
least attempt to support it with pertinent legal authority.
In his third argument, Lane accuses the courts in Colorado (apparently, both
state and federal courts) of institutional bias against pro se litigants, arguing that they
apply procedural rules and regulations in order to curtail pro se litigants’
constitutional rights to due process and equal protection. As one alleged example of
2
For example, his arguments could be construed as suggesting that his
confusion about which order triggered the time to file a notice of appeal amounts to
excusable neglect under Bankruptcy Rule 8002(d)(1)(B), which permits the
bankruptcy court to extend the time to appeal when a party files a motion and
demonstrates excusable neglect. But Lane filed no motion for an extension of time to
appeal let alone argue excusable neglect. Moreover, Lane fails to grapple with the
general rule that excusable neglect does not include “inadvertence, ignorance of the
rules, or mistakes construing the rules,” Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v. Brunswick Assocs.
Ltd. P’ship, 507 U.S. 380, 392 (1993). Even further, the extra sixteen days he claims
to have thought he had under Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(1)(A) to file a
notice of appeal does not account for the more than three months between the
Dismissal Order and his notice of appeal or the forty-two days between the Sanctions
Order and his notice of appeal.
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bias in this case, Lane points to the BAP opinion’s opening remark: “Timing is
everything—especially in the law.” R. at 11.
As noted, we have long held that procedural rules apply equally to pro se and
counseled litigants. See Garrett, 425 F.3d at 841. And the equal application of
procedural rules to all litigants does not amount to a due process or equal protection
violation when those rules are applied to a pro se litigant. Furthermore, our review of
the rulings pertinent to this appeal discloses no unfair treatment due to Lane’s pro se
status. To the contrary, both the bankruptcy court and the BAP provided thorough
and well-reasoned explanations of the bases for their rulings, free of any bias against
Lane on account of his pro se status or otherwise. Lane’s contrary contentions are
unfounded and abusive. In particular, the BAP’s remark concerning the importance
of timing in the law was an objectively accurate observation, not evidence of an
unfair application of timing rules to a pro se litigant.
Accordingly, because Lane has failed to adequately brief the jurisdictional
issues and has leveled baseless accusations at the courts, we decline to consider the
merits of the BAP’s conclusion that it lacked jurisdiction over Lane’s appeal from the
Dismissal Order and the Sanctions Order.
III. CONCLUSION
We affirm the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel’s judgment.
Entered for the Court
Joel M. Carson III
Circuit Judge
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