People v. Mancilla

2024 IL App (2d) 230505
No. 2-23-0505
Opinion filed February 14, 2024
______________________________________________________________________________

IN THE

APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS

SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Kane County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellee, )
)
v. ) No. 23-CF-2465
)
BRYANT J. MANCILLA, ) Honorable
) Salvatore LoPiccolo, Jr.,
Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE KENNEDY delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Presiding Justice McLaren and Justice Jorgensen concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Defendant, Bryant J. Mancilla, appeals from the circuit court’s order granting the State’s

verified petition to deny him pretrial release pursuant to article 110 of the Code of Criminal

Procedure of 1963 (Code), as amended by Public Act 101-652 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023), commonly

known as the Pretrial Fairness Act (Act). 1 See Pub. Act 102-1104, § 70 (eff. Jan. 1, 2023)

(amending various provisions of the Act); Rowe v. Raoul, 2023 IL 129248, ¶ 52 (lifting stay and

setting effective date as September 18, 2023).

1 The Act is also commonly known as the Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-

Today (SAFE-T) Act.
2024 IL App (2d) 230505

¶2 The Office of the State Appellate Defender declined to file a memorandum pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 604(h) (eff. Oct. 19, 2023), filing a “Notice Filed in Lieu of Rule

604(h) Memorandum” on January 10, 2024. Thus, defendant stands on the notice of appeal filed

by his public defender in the circuit court, which consisted of five checked boxes on the standard

form, only two of which were supported by any additional language. For the following reasons,

we affirm.

¶3 I. BACKGROUND

¶4 On November 14, 2023, defendant was charged by complaint with 13 total counts of the

following offenses: (1) armed robbery with a firearm, a Class X felony (720 ILCS 5/18-2(a)(2)

(West 2022)); (2) armed violence committed with a dangerous weapon (id. § 33A-2(a)), in that he

committed the felony of aggravated battery causing great bodily harm to a victim 60 years of age

or older while using a firearm, a Class X felony (id. § 12-3.05(a)(4)); (3) home invasion while

armed with a firearm, a Class X felony (id. § 19-6(a)(3)); (4) two counts of home invasion

intentionally causing injury, a Class X felony (id. § 19-6(a)(2)); (5) being an armed habitual

criminal, in that defendant knowingly possessed a firearm after having been convicted of two

unlawful use of weapon offenses, a Class X felony (id. § 24-1.7(a)); (6) receiving, possessing, or

selling a stolen motor vehicle, a Class 2 felony (625 ILCS 5/4-103(a)(1) (West 2022)); (7)

aggravated battery causing great bodily harm to a person 60 years of age or older, a Class 2 felony

(720 ILCS 5/12-3.05(a)(4) (West 2022)); (8) two counts of aggravated battery using a deadly

weapon, a Class 3 felony (id. § 12-3.05(f)(1)); (9) possession of a firearm while Firearm Owners

Identification (FOID) card is expired or not eligible, a Class 3 felony (430 ILCS 65/2(a)(1) (West

2022)); (10) unlawful use of a weapon by a felon, a Class 3 felony (720 ILCS 5/24-1.1(a) (West

2022)); and (11) battery causing bodily harm, a Class A misdemeanor (id. § 12-3(a)(1)).

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¶5 That same day, defendant initially appeared before the circuit court and the State filed its

verified petition to deny defendant’s pretrial release. Along with its verified petition, the State also

filed its exhibit 1, a 12-page “Police Department Synopsis,” which provided as follows.

¶6 On November 11, 2023, at approximately 9:17 a.m., Elgin police officers were dispatched

to 383 Division Street following a report of a shooting, which was later reclassified as an armed

robbery. Dispatch advised that a male suspect, armed with a gun, drove away in one of the victim’s

vehicles. Once the police officers arrived at the scene, they found two male victims who stated that

they had been physically struck with a firearm by an unknown suspect who fled the scene. The

two victims were transported to the hospital by paramedics for treatment. One of the victims was

bleeding from his head.

¶7 Police officers traced the cell phone of one of the victims, who had left the phone inside

the vehicle defendant allegedly stole. The officers traced the cell phone ping to another location in

Elgin but were unable to locate the vehicle and the suspect.

¶8 Thereafter, an Elgin police detective interviewed one of the victims, Francisco Rodriguez,

at the hospital. Francisco had left his home on the morning of November 11 to pick up his brother,

Julio, whose truck had broken down in another city. Francisco and Julio had stopped at 383

Division Street to pick up a trailer that was inside the garage. When Francisco drove into the

driveway at that location, he noticed defendant sitting across the street. Francisco pulled into the

driveway, left the vehicle while it was still running, and entered the garage. Shortly thereafter,

Francisco saw defendant walking towards him and he thought defendant was going to ask for

money. Defendant instead asked Francisco and Julio about their employer. Francisco told

defendant that they were not working for anyone, at which point, defendant started to hit Julio’s

head with a gun. Francisco observed defendant hit Julio on the head twice with the gun. He told

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the detective that defendant either knocked out Julio or that Julio pretended that he was knocked

out after being struck. Defendant stood next to Francisco and told him that he was going to kill

him. Defendant told Francisco to turn around and Francisco complied. Defendant searched

Francisco’s front and back pants pockets and took Francisco’s wallet. Defendant then hit Francisco

in the back of the head. When Francisco woke up, he told his daughter to go inside the home and

call the police.

¶9 Francisco did not know who defendant was and stated that he did not have a problem with

anyone. He described the suspect’s appearance and the weapon to the detective. He also told the

detective that he would be able to identify the suspect in a photo lineup.

¶ 10 Police officers also spoke with Marie Rodriguez, Francisco’s wife and the owner of the

vehicle defendant allegedly stole. Marie stated that she would sign complaints against the offender.

¶ 11 Next, police officers interviewed Julio Rodriguez at the hospital emergency room. After

Julio and Francisco arrived at 383 Division Street, Julio saw a male subject sitting across the street

and smoking a cigarette. After Julio and Francisco pulled into the driveway of the home, they

exited the vehicle and entered the garage. At that point, Julio saw the man from across the street

walking towards them. When the man entered the garage, he stated, “Hi how are you?” The

offender then pulled out a handgun with his left hand and told them to put their money on the

ground. Defendant stated that he was going to kill them. Julio agreed to give the suspect his money,

at which point defendant asked them why they wanted to kill someone. Julio did not remember the

name of the person defendant referenced. Julio then lay on the ground and at that point, he felt a

strike to his head. Julio remained on the ground and did not stand up because he was afraid that

defendant would shoot him. While he stayed on the ground, he heard defendant hit Francisco. He

also heard defendant kick Francisco multiple times, followed by silence. Francisco asked Julio for

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help, but Julio told Francisco not to move. After Francisco asked for help again, Julio stood up and

no longer saw defendant. Julio then went to ask for help. He told police officers that he had never

seen defendant before and did not recognize him.

¶ 12 Later in the afternoon of November 11, police officers canvassed the area of 383 Division

Street for evidence and located a cigarette, but Marie stated that it was hers. Police then located

the victims’ vehicle parked in front of 425 Park Street in Elgin. The keys to the vehicle remained

in the ignition. Police towed the vehicle for processing and collecting evidence. Police also

recovered a video recording from 389 Division Street and uploaded the file. The video showed

that at 9:07 a.m. on November 11, 2023, “the suspect” sat on a cement wall on Division Street,

directly across the street from 383 Division Street. He appeared to be smoking a cigarette with his

right hand. At 9:08 a.m., the victims’ vehicle pulled into the driveway at 383 Division Street. At

9:11 a.m., the suspect walked toward 383 Division Street, holding a cigarette in his hand as he

approached the driveway. He then reached for a firearm from his front waistband and entered the

garage at 9:12 a.m. Then at 9:15 a.m., he ran out of the garage and entered the driver’s seat of the

victims’ vehicle, reversed out of the driveway, and drove away.

¶ 13 On November 12, 2023, police officers returned to 383 Division Street and recovered

another cigarette butt in the driveway, which did not match Marie’s cigarettes. Police officers also

recovered video from cameras mounted outside of 425 Park Street. In addition, police recovered

video from a homeowner residing at 416 Park Street, which captured the suspect running away

from the scene. Additional video footage from Park Street cameras showed that a male subject

matching the suspect’s description exited the front driver’s seat of the victims’ vehicle. The suspect

had dropped an item, black in color, in the roadway when crossing the street. Police described the

item as resembling a gun magazine. The suspect picked up the item and continued walking across

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the street. The suspect then returned to the victims’ vehicle, opened the front driver’s door, and

appeared to grab something from inside the vehicle. The suspect walked across the street once

again and started running westbound on Park Street.

¶ 14 After viewing the videos, police canvassed the area of Park Street, including prior contacts

and calls for service at 388 and 398 Park Street. Police officers located a recent dispatch for service

at 388 Park Street involving defendant. The notes for that call stated that defendant has

schizophrenia and had been refusing to take his medicine. The officers searched defendant’s

booking jacket and observed that he had multiple arrests and that he is associated with the “Brown

Pride” gang. The officers also noted that defendant’s booking photographs closely resembled the

suspect seen on the video at 389 Division Street.

¶ 15 One of the officers printed a photograph from defendant’s file and contacted defendant’s

mother, who had recently called Elgin police for assistance with defendant. Defendant’s mother

agreed to speak to Elgin police officers and told them he has a mental disability that requires

medication. He had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and diabetes. She also

told the officers that he takes drugs, including cocaine. Further, she told police that defendant no

longer resides with her; rather, he lives with his father at 388 Park Street. When the officers showed

defendant’s mother a still image from the video recovered from 389 Division Street, she positively

identified defendant as the suspect.

¶ 16 On November 13, 2023, Detective Joniak of the Elgin police department prepared a photo

lineup for Francisco. Detective Ziegler administered the photo lineup and Francisco positively

identified defendant as the suspect.

¶ 17 On the same date, Elgin police officers spoke to defendant’s father at his residence, 388

Park Street, who told them that defendant resides in the basement. Defendant’s father stated that

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defendant had not been taking his medication and that he needs help. He was aware that defendant

had one firearm and did not know from where he had obtained it. Defendant’s father gave the

officers consent to search the basement at his residence. Later that morning, police officers arrived

at 388 Park Street to locate defendant. Police arrested defendant at 388 Park Street and found a

bag with a rifle inside a garbage bin at that location.

¶ 18 Police officers interviewed defendant, who waived his rights pursuant to Miranda v.

Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). He initially told the officers that he was not involved in this incident

and did not own any firearms. After showing defendant a photograph of the handgun that the

officers recovered, he told the officers that he bought the firearm for protection. Defendant stated

that he went to 383 Division Street to protect himself and that he “approached [two] fat guys and

asked them why they wanted to kill him and his dad.” Defendant stated that he got mad, raised the

gun toward both of them, and began to strike both of them with the gun. Defendant stated that he

grabbed a wallet from one of the victims, opened it up, and threw it on the ground. Defendant

stated that he then ran away and entered a silver vehicle. Defendant told the officers that he did

not know what kind of vehicle he entered and stated only that it was very dirty inside. Defendant

drove the vehicle around the corner and went home afterwards.

¶ 19 Also on November 14, 2023, the circuit court heard the State’s petition and denied

defendant’s pretrial release. The court had read the police department’s synopsis, considered the

history and characteristics of defendant, including his prior criminal history indicative of violent,

abusive, or assaultive behavior, and found sufficient evidence to detain him. The court stated that,

along with the synopsis, it considered evidence of defendant’s psychological, psychiatric, or

similar social history, which tended to indicate a violent, abusive, or assaultive history, and also

considered the direct threat to the safety of the victims, Francisco and Julio, as well as the threat

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to the community in general, considering the random selection of the victims. Based upon the

State’s verified petition, the proffered evidence, and testimony heard by the court, and having

considered the factors in determining dangerousness, the court found that the State proved by clear

and convincing evidence that the proof was evident and the presumption great that defendant

committed the charged offenses. In addition, the court found that the State proved by clear and

convincing evidence that defendant posed a real and present threat to the safety of the victims and

the community, based upon the specific articulable facts in the record, including defendant’s

statement admitting to the offenses. The court stated that, “combined with the mental health history

and the fact that he is not taking his medication as ordered, despite his mother’s intentions, his

father’s intentions *** those are specific and articulable facts that I believe there is a real and

present threat to the safety of [the victims] and the community in general because of the

randomness of attacking people who live across the street from him.” Finally, the court found that

the State proved by clear and convincing evidence that there are no conditions or combination of

conditions of pretrial release that can mitigate the real and present threat posed by defendant.

Regarding whether to impose electronic home monitoring upon defendant, the court stated that

“[t]here is nothing I can do to prevent him from crossing the street and attacking these people

again.” The court entered a written order the same day.

¶ 20 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 21 Defendant filed his notice of appeal the same day, on November 14, 2023. In his standard

form notice of appeal, defendant’s public defender checked five boxes, only two of which

contained any elaboration identifying a basis for the checked claim of error. The first argues that

the State failed to meet its burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the proof was

evident or the presumption great that he committed the offenses charged because the circuit court

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“erred in finding just a synopsis to be sufficient evidence.” The second argues that the State failed

to meet its burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that he poses a real and present

threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community, based on the specific, articulable

facts of the case because the court erred in finding defendant’s “mental health condition as

indicated in People’s Ex. #1 was indicative of his violence [sic], abusive, or assertive [sic] nature.”

The other checked boxes’ preprinted claims assert generally that the State failed to meet its burden

that no condition or combination of conditions of release could mitigate the threat posed by

defendant; the court erred in determining that no condition or combination of conditions would

reasonably ensure defendant’s appearance at future hearings or prevent him from being charged

with subsequent felonies or Class A misdemeanors; and defendant was denied an opportunity for

a fair detention hearing. On January 10, 2024, the Office of the State Appellate Defender filed a

notice indicating that it declined to file a memorandum in support of this appeal pursuant to Rule

604(h).

¶ 22 Pretrial release is governed by article 110 of the Act. 725 ILCS 5/110-1 et seq. (West 2022).

Under the Act, a defendant’s pretrial release may be denied only for certain charged offenses. Id.

§§ 110-2(a), 110-6.1. Here, defendant was charged with qualifying offenses. See id. § 110-

6.1(a)(6)(D), (O) (listing as qualifying offenses armed habitual criminal and the unlawful use or

possession of weapons by felons).

¶ 23 To deny a defendant pretrial release, the circuit court must find that the State proved the

following by clear and convincing evidence: (1) the proof was evident or the presumption great

that defendant committed a detainable offense (id. § 110-6.1(e)(1)); (2) defendant’s pretrial release

posed a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the community (id. § 110-

6.1(e)(2)); and (3) no condition or combination of conditions could mitigate the real and present

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threat to the safety of any person or the community or prevent the defendant’s willful flight from

prosecution (id. § 110-6.1(e)(3)). We review whether the circuit court’s findings were against the

manifest weight of the evidence. People v. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13; People v.

Vingara, 2023 IL App (5th) 230698, ¶ 10. A finding is against the manifest weight of the evidence

when it is unreasonable. People v. Sims, 2022 IL App (2d) 200391, ¶ 72. We review for an abuse

of discretion the circuit court’s ultimate decision regarding pretrial release. Trottier, 2023 IL App

(2d) 230317, ¶ 13.

¶ 24 We reject defendant’s argument that a police synopsis is per se insufficient to demonstrate

that the proof was evident or the presumption great that defendant committed the charged offenses.

At a pretrial detention hearing, the State is explicitly permitted to present evidence “by way of

proffer based upon reliable information.” 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(f)(2) (West 2022); see also id.

§ 110-6.1(f)(5) (exempting detention hearings from the rules of evidence). Without explaining

why this particular police synopsis was not “reliable information” under the Act, the public

defender’s notice of appeal simply asserts, “[t]he Court erred in finding just a synopsis to be

sufficient evidence.” This bare, conclusory argument has been commonly asserted in appeals

involving the Act but, without more, is patently without merit. We have previously held that a

police synopsis alone is sufficient to sustain the State’s burden. People v. Horne, 2023 IL App (2d)

230382, ¶ 24 (opinion filed December 18, 2023). We note that the public defender’s notice of

appeal was filed prior to Horne, but the Appellate Defender’s notice to the court was filed almost

a month after this court’s decision, on January 10, 2024. To argue after this point that a proffer of

a police synopsis is per se insufficient is frivolous, as this contention flies in the face of now-

established case law and clear statutory language.

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¶ 25 Even if we were to consider defendant’s claim of error as an argument that the proffered

police synopsis did not contain sufficient evidence that he committed the charged offense, the

synopsis is replete with evidence that defendant committed the nonprobationable charged offenses

of armed habitual criminal (720 ILCS 5/24-1.7(a) (West 2022)) and unlawful use or possession of

a weapon by a felon (id. § 24-1.1(a)), in addition to armed robbery with a firearm, armed violence

with a firearm, home invasion with a firearm, and aggravated battery causing bodily harm to a

person 60 years of age or older, among other violent crimes. Contained within the synopsis is a

seven-page narrative of events, including allegations that state defendant struck both Francisco

and Julio Rodriguez with a firearm on their heads multiple times, took Francisco’s wallet, and stole

their vehicle. Police officers described video footage of defendant at the scene of the crime and at

the location where the stolen vehicle was recovered. Defendant’s mother identified him in the

video footage. Francisco identified defendant as the perpetrator in a photo lineup. Defendant

admitted that he committed the offenses. Police officers recovered the stolen vehicle and

defendant’s firearm. This evidence is clear and convincing that defendant committed detainable

offenses.

¶ 26 Second, as to defendant’s “dangerousness,” defendant’s notice of appeal argues only that

one of the section 110-6.1(g) factors was considered in error, that being defendant’s mental health

history. 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(g)(2)(B) (West 2022). This, of course, is only one of nine listed

factors in the Act, many of which were present here as well: the offenses involved a firearm (id.

§ 110-6.1(g)(1)); defendant had a criminal history indicative of violent, abusive, or assaultive

behavior (id. § 110-6.1(g)(2)(A)), including charges of armed habitual criminal and unlawful use

of a weapon by a felon (id. § 110-6.1(g)(7)); and a victim in the alleged aggravated battery causing

great bodily harm was 60 years of age or older (id. § 110-6.1(g)(6)). Given defendant’s criminal

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history and section 110-6.1(g)(7)’s explicit recognition of the inherent danger of firearms, the

physical violence and assaultive circumstances of the offense, and the injuries to the victims, the

circuit court’s finding that defendant posed a real and present threat to the safety of Francisco and

Julio Rodriguez, as well as to the community, was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

¶ 27 Defendant’s specific assertion, however, that “[t]he Court erred in finding the Defendant’s

mental health condition as indicated in [the police synopsis] was indicative of his violence [sic],

abusive, or assertive [sic] nature” is also wholly without merit. The Act explicitly allows

consideration of the “history and characteristics of the defendant including *** [a]ny evidence of

the defendant’s psychological, psychiatric or other similar social history which tends to indicate a

violent, abusive, or assaultive nature, or lack of any such history.” 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(g)(2)(B)

(West 2022). The evidence before the circuit court included diagnoses of schizophrenia and bipolar

disorder, noncompliance with prescribed medication regimens, illicit drug use including cocaine,

as well as concomitant possession of two firearms after two prior felony convictions involving

firearms. The circuit court properly considered these facts, in combination with all applicable

section 110-6.1(g) factors, including the facts of the case wherein defendant is accused of pistol-

whipping two strangers, robbing them at gunpoint, threatening to kill one of them, and stealing

their vehicle. Clearly, the court did not err in finding defendant to pose a real and present threat to

the safety of the victims and the community.

¶ 28 Defendant’s remaining claims of error are simply checked boxes on the standard form

generally concerning a circuit court’s findings that no condition or combination of conditions of

pretrial release can mitigate the threat posed or ensure appearance, as well as “[d]efendant was

denied an opportunity for a fair hearing prior to the entry of the order denying or revoking pretrial

release.” These bare assertions are devoid of arguments or facts in the notice of appeal, there is no

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memorandum, nor can we characterize the arguments made before the circuit court as containing

any such claims. Because defendant provides no argument in support of these contentions, he has

forfeited these issues on appeal. People v. Duckworth, 2024 IL App (5th) 230911, ¶ 8 (finding,

among other things, that “this court has nothing on which to base an analysis of the defendant’s

allegations on appeal, and the defendant has forfeited the issues raised on appeal,” since defense

counsel “declined its opportunity to provide the missing argument, citation of the record, or

authority that would support any argument that could have been made for the issues raised on

appeal”); see also People v. Acosta, 2024 IL App (2d) 230475, ¶ 16 (declining to review issues

raised only in the notices of appeal but not included in defendant’s memorandum); People v.

Forthenberry, 2024 IL App (5th) 231002, ¶¶ 41-42 (finding that OSAD’s memorandum controls

the issues addressed on appeal); People v. Rollins, 2024 IL App (2d) 230372, ¶ 22 (finding

defendant abandoned those Rule 604(h) claims raised in the notice of appeal but not addressed in

OSAD’s memorandum).

¶ 29 Nonetheless, the evidence clearly supported the circuit court’s determination that no set of

release conditions could mitigate the threat defendant posed to the two victims and the community.

Although defendant stated in his notice of appeal that the court erred when it found his mental

health condition was indicative of violent, abusive, or assertive conduct, it was his criminal history,

particularly prior felonies involving firearms, that demonstrated his dangerousness and history of

noncompliance and disregard for conditions or restrictions. The specific, articulable facts of this

case all weigh heavily in favor of the circuit court’s determination that no condition or combination

of conditions could mitigate the real and present threat defendant posed. Moreover, the fact that

defendant resides in close proximity to the victims further bolsters this conclusion. Accordingly,

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the court quite reasonably concluded that less restrictive conditions could not mitigate the real and

present threat to the safety of the two victims and the community.

¶ 30 As for the remaining claims in the notice of appeal, there are no arguments presented and

we can discern no arguable basis from the record for any of them. “[I]t is neither the function nor

the obligation of this court to act as an advocate or search the record for error [citation].” Obert v.

Saville, 253 Ill. App. 3d 677, 682 (1993). “ ‘A reviewing court is entitled to have the issues clearly

defined with pertinent authority cited and is not simply a depository in which the appealing party

may dump the burden of argument and research.’ ” In re Marriage of Baumgartner, 237 Ill. 2d

468, 474-75, (2010) (quoting Pecora v. Szabo, 109 Ill. App. 3d 824, 825-26 (1982)). Therefore,

these claims are forfeited.

¶ 31 Having spent more time and effort exploring defendant’s claims and potential claims than

defendant’s attorneys have, we now address the ethical duties of defense counsel in appeals made

under the Act. We begin by noting that every attorney in every case must comply with Rule 3.1 of

the Rules of Professional Conduct, which states:

“A lawyer shall not bring or defend a proceeding, or assert or controvert an

issue therein, unless there is a basis in law and fact for doing so that is not frivolous,

which includes a good-faith argument for an extension, modification or reversal of

existing law. A lawyer for the defendant in a criminal proceeding, or the respondent

in a proceeding that could result in incarceration, may nevertheless so defend the

proceeding as to require that every element of the case be established.” Ill. R. Prof’l

Conduct (2010) R. 3.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2010).

Since appeals under the Act are criminal in nature, we cannot consider whether frivolousness or

sanctions apply under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 375 (eff. Feb. 1, 1994), a rule applicable in

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civil appeals. However, as part of defense counsel’s ethical obligations under Rule 3.1, it is

incumbent upon counsel to inform this court as to whether the defendant’s claims are meritorious

and, if not, to withdraw any frivolous claims or even the entire appeal under the Act. See Ill. R.

Prof’l Conduct (2010) R. 3.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2010).

¶ 32 We are mindful that both trial and appellate counsel are representing defendant in a

criminal proceeding that could result in incarceration and that counsel have a duty to zealously

defend clients in any proceeding under the Act, which includes the duty to defend against any and

all assertions listed in the State’s petition to detain, not only in the detention hearing but thereafter

on appeal. To be sure, a defendant is “entitled to appeal any order entered under [the Act] denying

his or her pretrial release.” 725 ILCS 5/110-6.1(j) (West 2022). It does not follow, however, that

such an appeal is mandatory or that an attorney can overlook their duties to the reviewing court.

The Act has streamlined certain procedures, but it has not obviated the professional responsibility

of a defendant’s trial and appellate counsel to present only meritorious claims and contentions with

“a basis in law and fact.” Ill. R. Prof’l Conduct (2010) R. 3.1 (eff. Jan. 1, 2010). We are sympathetic

that the Act has significantly increased the workload of Illinois’ public and appellate defenders.

We are also mindful that the Act is relatively new and its case law evolving rapidly. However,

presenting baseless appeals only further burdens the justice system unnecessarily, delaying review

of other cases with claims based in law and fact.

¶ 33 Here, as in many cases before this court since the Act became effective on September 18,

2023, a public defender (or sometimes a pro se defendant) has checked boxes on the standard

notice of appeal form, without adding, elaborating or specifying any grounds to support one or

more checked claims, and appellate counsel for the defense has chosen to simply stand on the

notice of appeal without filing a brief or memorandum in support of it, thus continuing pursuit of

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the appeal without offering any support thereof. While this practice is allowable under Rule 604(h),

it is now prevalent, often leaving reviewing courts with little or no input from any of the attorneys

representing the appellant. In many cases, as here, one or more of the claims checked on the form

notice of appeal are frivolous.

¶ 34 We hold that in appeals of detention orders under the Act, appellate attorneys appointed to

represent the defendant under the Act are required to determine whether a defendant’s claims have

arguable merit and, if, in their opinion, they do not, counsel cannot in good faith file or continue

to pursue such a frivolous appeal or claim within an appeal. Ill. R. Prof’l Conduct (2010) R. 3.1

(eff. Jan. 1, 2010); cf. Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744 (1967) (holding that “if counsel

finds his case to be wholly frivolous, after a conscientious examination of it, he should advise the

court and request permission to withdraw”).

¶ 35 We are not requiring that the procedure utilized in Anders cases be followed in Rule 604(h)

cases. A defendant at this pretrial phase of criminal litigation is protected by the presumption of

innocence. Nevertheless, attorneys’ ethical duties include pursuing only meritorious claims,

candor to the court, and, when appropriate, to withdraw claims that are without merit. This may

be accomplished by filing an amended notice of appeal or simply by including within a

memorandum on appeal pursuant to Rule 604(h) (or within a notice filed in lieu of such a

memorandum) a concise statement indicating that counsel is withdrawing one or more of the

claims identified in the notice of appeal that was filed in the circuit court.

¶ 36 For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court did not err in denying defendant’s pretrial

release, and we affirm the judgment of the circuit court of Kane County.

¶ 37 Affirmed.

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