UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 97-4150
OSCAR LEON HERNANDEZ,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of West Virginia, at Martinsburg.
Frederick P. Stamp, Jr., Chief District Judge.
(CR-96-3)
Submitted: April 7, 1998
Decided: April 29, 1998
Before HAMILTON, WILLIAMS, and MICHAEL, Circuit Judges.
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Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
Timothy F. Cogan, Donald J. Tennant, Jr., CASSIDY, MYERS,
COGAN, VOEGELIN & TENNANT, L.C., Wheeling, West Virginia,
for Appellant. William D. Wilmoth, United States Attorney, Paul T.
Camilletti, Assistant United States Attorney, Wheeling, West Vir-
ginia, for Appellee.
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Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
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OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Oscar Leon Hernandez pled guilty to participating in a continuing
criminal enterprise in violation of 21 U.S.C.A.§ 848 (West Supp.
1998), and the court sentenced him to a 262-month prison sentence
to be followed by four years of supervised release. Hernandez
appeals, claiming that the district court erred in denying his motions
to substitute counsel and to withdraw his guilty plea and that his
counsel provided ineffective assistance. We affirm.
I.
Hernandez was charged in two indictments with conspiracy to pos-
sess with intent to distribute and to distribute crack cocaine, posses-
sion with intent to distribute crack, aiding and abetting in a homicide
in furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise ("CCE"), and partic-
ipating in a CCE. Hernandez agreed to plead guilty to participating
in a CCE, and the government agreed to dismiss the remaining
charges. Hernandez executed the plea agreement on October 3, 1996.
During the plea colloquy on October 15, 1996 (one day before Her-
nandez' trial was scheduled to begin), Hernandez admitted that he
was guilty of participating in a CCE and that the plea was not the
result of threats or promises not contained in the plea agreement. The
district court then asked Hernandez if he believed counsel had pro-
vided adequate and effective representation. Hernandez replied, "To
an extent." (J.A. at 112). When the court inquired further, Hernandez
explained that counsel failed to interview over 100 witnesses on the
government's witness list and to interview members of his family.
The court asked Hernandez what witnesses were not interviewed and
what information could have been provided by them to help his
defense. Hernandez merely restated the number of witnesses counsel
failed to interview, and he admitted for the second time that he was
guilty of participating in a CCE.
2
Hernandez' counsel explained that they reviewed the statements of
witnesses interviewed by government agents and decided not to inter-
view some of them so that at trial the witnesses could be impeached
by attacking the portions of their statements Hernandez said were
incorrect. Moreover, counsel interviewed witnesses who were critical
to Hernandez' defense of the CCE and murder in furtherance of the
CCE charges. Counsel's strategy included challenging the number of
associates that could be connected to Hernandez and showing that he
had not gained financially. Because the government had a videotape
of Hernandez delivering crack cocaine and receiving money for it,
counsel decided not to focus on defending the distribution counts.
Counsel also stated that many of the witnesses on the government's
list were codefendants, whose attorneys likely would not have permit-
ted their clients to discuss the case. Finally, counsel planned to call
some members of Hernandez' family but decided not to call Her-
nandez' girlfriend as a witness because her prior statements were
inconsistent. Based on these facts, counsel argued that they were ade-
quately prepared for trial and to recommend that Hernandez enter a
guilty plea to participating in a CCE. Counsel also noted that Her-
nandez benefitted from the plea agreement by avoiding the possible
life sentence if convicted of the murder and having an opportunity to
cooperate with the government. At the conclusion of counsel's argu-
ment, the court asked Hernandez if he was guilty of participating in
a CCE, and Hernandez for a third time stated that he was guilty.
In addressing Hernandez' ineffective assistance of counsel claim,
the court noted that such claims generally should be raised in a collat-
eral proceeding under 28 U.S.C.A. § 2255 (West 1994 & Supp.
1998). The court found that counsel's performance did not fall below
an objective standard of reasonableness and that in light of Her-
nandez' repeated admissions of guilt, the outcome of the proceeding
would not have been different. The court then accepted Hernandez'
guilty plea, concluding that Hernandez was competent to enter a plea,
he made the plea freely and voluntarily, and a factual basis supported
the plea.
About four months after the court accepted his plea and one week
before sentencing, Hernandez filed pro se a motion to substitute coun-
sel and to withdraw his plea. The district court denied the motion to
substitute counsel, finding that it was untimely filed and that Her-
3
nandez did not show good cause to appoint new counsel. With regard
to Hernandez' motion to withdraw his guilty plea, the court applied
the six-factor test set forth in United States v. Moore, 931 F.2d 245,
248 (4th Cir. 1991), and denied the motion. The court sentenced Her-
nandez to a 262-month prison term and imposed four years of super-
vised release. Hernandez timely appeals.
II.
Hernandez first claims that the district court erred by denying his
motion to substitute counsel. In determining whether to grant or deny
a motion to substitute counsel, a district court must consider: "(1)
whether the motion for substitute counsel was timely; (2) whether the
district court's inquiry into the defendant's complaint was sufficient;
and (3) whether the conflict between attorney and client was so great
as to amount to a `total lack of communication,' thereby preventing
an adequate defense." United States v. Morsley, 64 F.3d 907, 918 (4th
Cir. 1995) (quoting United States v. Hanley, 974 F.2d 14, 17 (4th Cir.
1992)). We review the district court's denial for an abuse of discre-
tion. See United States v. Corporan-Cuevas, 35 F.3d 953, 956 (4th
Cir. 1994).
Hernandez' request for new counsel was not timely made, coming
one week before sentencing and about four months after the court
accepted his guilty plea. Moreover, at the plea colloquy, the district
court explored at length Hernandez' complaint that counsel failed to
interview witnesses. Finally, there is no evidence that the conflict
between Hernandez and his counsel was so great that it resulted in a
total lack of communication preventing an adequate defense. See
Morsley, 64 F.3d at 918. On these facts, we find that the district court
did not abuse its discretion in denying Hernandez' motion to substi-
tute counsel. See Corporan-Cuevas, 35 F.3d at 956.
Nor did the district court abuse its discretion in denying Her-
nandez' motion to withdraw his guilty plea. See United States v.
Wilson, 81 F.3d 1300, 1305 (4th Cir. 1996) (stating standard of
review). Withdrawal of a guilty plea is not a matter of right. See
Moore, 931 F.2d at 248. The defendant bears the burden of showing
a "fair and just reason" for the withdrawal of his guilty plea. See Fed.
R. Crim. P. 32(e); United States v. Hyde, ___ U.S. ___, 65 U.S.L.W.
4
4369 (U.S. May 27, 1997) (No. 96-667). "[A]`fair and just' reason
. . . is one that essentially challenges . . . the fairness of the [Fed. R.
Crim. P.] 11 proceeding." United States v. Lambey, 974 F.2d 1389,
1394 (4th Cir. 1992) (en banc). An appropriately conducted Rule 11
proceeding, however, raises a strong presumption that the guilty plea
is final and binding. Id.
Courts consider six factors in determining whether to permit the
withdrawal of a guilty plea: (1) whether defendant offered credible
evidence that the plea was not knowing or voluntary; (2) whether
defendant credibly asserted his legal innocence; (3) the length of
delay between the entry of the plea and the filing of the motion to
withdraw; (4) whether defendant had assistance of effective counsel;
(5) whether withdrawal would prejudice the government; and (6)
whether withdrawal would inconvenience the court or waste judicial
resources. See Moore, 931 F.2d at 248. The defendant carries the bur-
den of establishing a fair and just reason for withdrawal, even if the
government has not shown prejudice. See Lambey , 974 F.2d at 1393-
94.
Hernandez primarily contends that he should be allowed to with-
draw his guilty plea because counsel provided ineffective assistance
by failing to interview witnesses.* For ineffective assistance of coun-
sel to constitute a fair and just reason to withdraw a guilty plea, it
must be of a constitutional magnitude. See id. at 1394. To constitute
a fair and just reason, counsel's performance must fall "`below an
objective standard of reasonableness,'" and prejudice must be shown
by demonstrating that absent the substandard performance, "`there is
a reasonable probability that [defendant] would not have pleaded
guilty and would have insisted on going to trial.'" United States v.
Craig, 985 F.2d 175, 179 (4th Cir. 1993) (quoting United States v.
DeFreitas, 865 F.2d 80, 82 (4th Cir. 1989)).
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*To the extent Hernandez raises other claims of ineffective assistance
of counsel that are unrelated to the withdrawal of his guilty plea, such
claims should be raised in a motion under 28 U.S.C.A. § 2255 (West
1994 & Supp. 1998), and not on direct appeal, unless the record conclu-
sively shows that counsel was ineffective. See United States v. King, 119
F.3d 290, 295 (4th Cir. 1997).
5
We find that Hernandez fails to show that counsel's failure to inter-
view all of the witnesses on the government's witness list prejudiced
him. Hernandez presented no evidence at the plea colloquy or on
appeal about what testimony the witnesses could have provided to
help his defense. Moreover, Hernandez admitted three times during
the plea colloquy that he was, in fact, guilty of participating in a CCE.
Consideration of the remaining Moore factors also weighs against
Hernandez. He offers no credible evidence that his plea was not
knowing and voluntary. Also, the district court fully complied with
Rule 11. See Wilson, 81 F.3d at 1307 ("The key to a [Rule] 32(e)
motion is whether or not the Rule 11 proceeding was properly con-
ducted."). Moreover, during the plea hearing, Hernandez stated that
his plea was not the result of threats or promises not contained in the
plea agreement. He makes no credible assertion of innocence but
rather admitted three times during the plea hearing that he was guilty
of participating in a CCE. Further, the four-month delay between Her-
nandez' plea and the motion to withdraw is significant. See Moore,
931 F.2d at 248 (finding that six-week delay militated against with-
drawal of plea). Finally, allowing Hernandez to withdraw his plea in
light of his repeated admissions of guilt might prejudice the govern-
ment and would waste judicial resources. We therefore find that the
district court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to
withdraw. See Wilson, 81 F.3d at 1305.
III.
Accordingly, we affirm Hernandez' conviction. We dispense with
oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately
presented in the materials before the court and argument would not
aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
6