UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 97-4752
JAMES RANDALL BRAWNER, a/k/a Jay,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of North Carolina, at Greensboro.
Frank W. Bullock, Jr., Chief District Judge.
(CR-97-25, CR-97-26)
Submitted: February 17, 1998
Decided: April 29, 1998
Before LUTTIG and MOTZ, Circuit Judges, and
BUTZNER, Senior Circuit Judge.
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Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
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COUNSEL
Bryan Emery Gates, Jr., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, for Appel-
lant. Walter C. Holton, Jr., United States Attorney, Michael F. Joseph,
Assistant United States Attorney, Greensboro, North Carolina, for
Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
James Randall Brawner appeals from his convictions for carjack-
ing, using and carrying a firearm during the commission of a crime
of violence, and transportation of a stolen vehicle in interstate com-
merce, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c), 2119, 2312 (1994).
Brawner contends that the district court erred in admitting evidence
under Fed. R. Evid. 404(b) of an armed robbery which occurred three
days before the instant offense. Finding no error, we affirm.
The evidence in the light most favorable to the Government
revealed the following facts. On October 30, 1996, in High Point,
North Carolina, Brawner and codefendant Steven Melton approached
Perry Williams and asked Williams for a ride in his Jeep Cherokee.
For twenty-five dollars and some marijuana, Williams agreed.
Brawner and Melton got in the back seat of the Jeep because Wil-
liams' four-year old son was asleep on the front passenger seat. After
Williams drove Brawner and Melton various places, Melton asked
Williams to drive to a corner grocery store. After Williams parked the
Jeep, Brawner pointed a firearm at Williams while Melton ordered
Williams out of the vehicle. Melton demanded Williams' money.
Williams handed his wallet to Melton who in turn passed it to
Brawner in exchange for the firearm. Melton then ordered Williams
to get into the back of the Jeep. Brawner drove the Jeep to a wooded
area. Melton ordered Williams to get out of the Jeep, walk into the
woods, undress, and lie on the ground. Williams and Melton struggled
for the firearm; Melton temporally lost control of the firearm. Melton
quickly regained control of the firearm and shot Williams twice.
Believing Williams was dead, Melton and Brawner returned to the
Jeep, where Williams' son was still sleeping on the front passenger
seat. Brawner and Melton drove back to Williams' neighborhood,
where they left the child.
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The defendants then drove to a hotel parking lot in Greensboro,
North Carolina, where they abandoned the Jeep. Melton and Brawner
noticed a couple driving a BMW, who also parked in the parking lot.
Melton and Brawner approached the couple, John Swofford and Nora
Sisk Williams, standing beside the BMW; Melton displayed the fire-
arm to the couple and ordered them to walk away from the vehicle.
Melton and Brawner got inside the vehicle and drove to High Point,
North Carolina. The next day, Melton and Brawner drove to Colum-
bia, South Carolina, where they stopped at a convenience store. The
police in Columbia engaged Melton and Brawner in a high speed car
chase which ended in Charleston, South Carolina, when Brawner lost
control of the vehicle and drove into a building. Brawner was appre-
hended a short distance from the scene, and Melton was apprehended
more than a day later. Perry Williams identified Melton in a pretrial
photographic line-up, but he was unable to identify Brawner. Neither
Swofford nor Nora Williams was shown a photographic line-up.
Over Brawner's objection, the Government proffered the testimony
of Jerry Wayne Soles, Jr., who testified that at approximately 9:00
p.m. on October 27, 1996, he drove to the parking lot of a restaurant
in High Point, North Carolina, to meet two friends. While Soles and
his two friends were standing beside their vehicles talking, Brawner
and Melton approached the group. Brawner brandished a firearm and
asked Soles and his friends for their money. Melton searched Soles'
friends' car, and Soles, saying that he had money in his car, got into
his car. Soles escaped, driving away in his vehicle. Soles identified
Brawner and Melton from a photographic line-up.
The district court admitted Soles' testimony under Fed. R. Evid.
404(b), finding that the evidence was relevant to show identity and
plan. The court, in balancing the probative value of the evidence
against its prejudicial effect, limited Soles' testimony to establishing
that Melton and Brawner had an association, they had a firearm, and
that they tried to rob Soles three days before the instant offense. The
district court noted that defense counsel stated during his opening
argument that the only issue in the case was whether Brawner was the
perpetrator. The district court instructed the jury that the testimony
was permitted to show identity or plan.
Brawner contends that the district court abused its discretion in
admitting evidence of the October 27, 1996, offense in violation of
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Fed. R. Evid. 402, 403, and 404(b). He contends that the evidence
was irrelevant, that it was not probative of identity, and that any pro-
bative value the evidence may have had was outweighed by its preju-
dicial effect, in contravention of Rules 402 and 403. He asserts that
the evidence could only have demonstrated his propensity to commit
the carjacking in this case, and therefore, is prohibited under Fed. R.
Evid. 404(b).
We review the district court's decision to admit Fed. R. Evid.
404(b) evidence for abuse of discretion, and we will not reverse that
decision unless it was "arbitrary and irrational." See United States v.
Powers, 59 F.3d 1460, 1464 (4th Cir. 1995). Evidence is admissible
only if it is relevant. Fed. R. Evid. 402. Evidence is relevant if it has
"any tendency to make the existence of any fact that is of conse-
quence to the determination of the action more probable or less proba-
ble than it would be without the evidence." Fed. R. Evid. 401. Rule
404(b) permits evidence of other crimes, wrongs, or acts to prove
motive, opportunity, intent, preparation, plan, knowledge, identity, or
absence of mistake or accident. Evidence which has no purpose
except to show criminal disposition is excluded. See United States v.
Sanchez, 118 F.3d 192, 195 (4th Cir. 1997). Thus, the court may
admit any evidence which is relevant to any issue other than charac-
ter, is necessary, and is reliable. Id. Such evidence may be excluded,
however, if it is more prejudicial than probative. Fed. R. Evid. 403;
Sanchez, 118 F.3d at 196.
The record shows that the evidence of Brawner's prior armed rob-
bery committed three days before the instant offense was not used
solely to show bad character, but rather, to show identity and plan.
The evidence demonstrated that Brawner had an association with
Melton, was in possession of a firearm, and was in High Point, North
Carolina, prior to the instant offense. Further, the evidence of the pre-
vious armed robbery and possible thwarted carjacking showed a pat-
tern of action and plan. See Fed. R. Evid. 404(b); United States v.
Rawle, 845 F.2d 1244, 1247-48 (4th Cir. 1988). In addition, we find
that the testimony was not excludable under Rules 402 and 403.
Brawner fails to show that the probative value of the evidence of the
previous armed robbery was outweighed by the prejudicial effect of
the testimony. See Fed. R. Evid. 403; Sanchez, 118 F.3d at 196. Any
possible prejudice was minimized by the court's instruction that the
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evidence could only be considered to show identity or plan and that
the jury could not convict Brawner simply because the jury believed
that Brawner might have committed some other act in the past. See
United States v. Teague, 737 F.2d 378, 381 (4th Cir. 1984).
Accordingly, we affirm Brawner's conviction. We dispense with
oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately
presented in the materials before the court and argument would not
aid in the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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