United States v. Johnson

UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. No. 97-4719 WILLIAM HORACE JOHNSON, JR., Defendant-Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh. Terrence W. Boyle, Chief District Judge. (CR-96-178-5-BO) Submitted: November 17, 1998 Decided: December 4, 1998 Before NIEMEYER, WILLIAMS, and MOTZ, Circuit Judges. _________________________________________________________________ Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. _________________________________________________________________ COUNSEL William Arthur Webb, Federal Public Defender, Edwin C. Walker, Assistant Federal Public Defender, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant. John Samuel Bowler, Assistant United States Attorney, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee. _________________________________________________________________ Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See Local Rule 36(c). OPINION PER CURIAM: William Horace Johnson was convicted following his guilty plea to one count of making threatening telephone calls for the purpose of extorting money. On appeal, Johnson's counsel has filed a brief pur- suant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), alleging that the district court erred by denying Johnson's motion for a downward departure based on diminished capacity pursuant to USSG § 5K2.13.* Johnson has also filed a pro se supplemental brief in which he appears to allege that his counsel rendered ineffective assistance, that he is the victim of a conspiracy, and that his guilty plea was involuntary. Find- ing no reversible error, we affirm. From 1990-96, Johnson made approximately 2000 telephone calls to individuals at places he had been fired from and to others he felt had wronged him in some way. During these calls, Johnson threat- ened to physically harm people unless he was paid monetary dam- ages. In support of his motion for a downward departure, Johnson presented psychiatric reports stating that he suffered from various per- sonality disorders, including paranoia. A district court's decision not to grant a downward departure is not reviewable on appeal unless the court erroneously believed that it lacked the authority to depart. See United States v. Bayerle, 898 F.2d 28, 30-31 (4th Cir. 1990). Under the Guidelines, a downward depar- ture is authorized "[i]f the defendant committed a non-violent offense while suffering from significantly reduced mental capacity not result- ing from voluntary use of drugs or other intoxicants." USSG § 5K2.13. Contrary to Johnson's assertions, we find that the district court recognized its authority to depart but declined to do so under the facts of this case. We find Johnson's reliance on United States v. Weddle, 30 F.3d 532 (4th Cir. 1994), misplaced. In Weddle, this court held that offenses satisfying the definition of a "crime of violence" found in _________________________________________________________________ *U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual (1995). 2 USSG § 4B1.1 (the career offender Guideline) may still be considered "non-violent offenses" under § 5K2.13. See Weddle, 30 F.3d at 537- 40. Instead of dictating a strict, mechanistic approach to this issue, we have held that "when applying § 5K2.13 the sentencing court should make a fact-specific investigation of the offense to determine whether it was non-violent." United States v. Morin , 124 F.3d 649, 653 (4th Cir. 1997). In the present case, the district court made the factual determination that the offenses in question were violent. The court also determined that Johnson failed to show that he suffered from a "significantly reduced mental capacity." Since the district court recog- nized its authority to depart, its decision to deny the motion for a downward departure is not reviewable. We find that the claims Johnson raises in his pro se supplemental brief are unsupported by the record. Moreover, we only review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel on direct appeal when the ineffec- tiveness "conclusively appears" on the record, and we find no such evidence here. See United States v. Smith, 62 F.3d 641, 651 (4th Cir. 1995). We have examined the entire record in this case in accordance with the requirements of Anders and find no meritorious issues for appeal. The court requires that counsel inform his client, in writing, of his right to petition the Supreme Court of the United States for further review. If the client requests that a petition be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition would be frivolous, then counsel may move in this court for leave to withdraw from representation. Coun- sel's motion must state that a copy thereof was served on the client. We therefore affirm Johnson's conviction and sentence. We dis- pense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process. AFFIRMED 3