UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
ROBERT K. ADAMS,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
No. 98-1598
WILLIAM J. HENDERSON, Postmaster
General, U. S. Postal Service,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Alexandria.
Leonie M. Brinkema, District Judge.
(CA-97-189-A)
Submitted: November 30, 1998
Decided: December 21, 1998
Before MURNAGHAN, WILKINS, and HAMILTON,
Circuit Judges.
_________________________________________________________________
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
M. Anna Gnadt, COSTAS & GNADT, P.C., Fairfax, Virginia, for
Appellant. Helen F. Fahey, United States Attorney, Jeri Kaylene
Somers, Assistant United States Attorney, Alexandria, Virginia; R.
Andrew German, Managing Counsel, Janet Noble Smith, UNITED
STATES POSTAL SERVICE, Austin, Texas, for Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
_________________________________________________________________
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Robert K. Adams appeals from a district court order that granted
summary judgment to his employer, the United States Postal Service
("the Service"), in his employment discrimination action filed under
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C.§ 2000e (1994).
Adams alleged that white employees were treated more favorably
than black employees under the Service's policy on incidents of vio-
lence in the workplace. We find no error and affirm.
We review the district court's grant of summary judgment de novo
and affirm only if the record reveals no genuine issue of material fact.
See Shaw v. Stroud, 13 F.3d 791, 798 (4th Cir. 1994). A moving party
is entitled to summary judgment "if the pleading, depositions, answers
to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits,
if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to material fact and that
the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R.
Civ. P. 56(c). A genuine issue exists "if the evidence is such that a
reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party."
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). In making
this assessment, the court must view the facts and draw reasonable
inferences in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party. See id.
at 255.
Adams's claims of racial discrimination are subject to the burdens
of proof set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S.
792, 802-03 (1973). See St. Mary's Honor Ctr. v. Hicks, 509 U.S.
502, 506 (1993). To prevail, Adams must establish a prima facie case
by proving: (1) he is a member of a protected group; (2) he suffered
some adverse employment action; (3) at the time of the adverse
employment action, he was performing at a level that met his employ-
er's legitimate expectations; and (4) the adverse employment action
occurred under circumstances that raise an inference of unlawful dis-
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crimination. See id. (citing Texas Dep't of Community Affairs v.
Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 252-55 (1981)).
If Adams establishes his prima facie case by a preponderance of
the evidence, the burden then shifts to the Service to rebut a presump-
tion of discrimination by articulating some legitimate, nondiscrimina-
tory reason for the adverse employment action. See St. Mary's, 509
U.S. at 506-07. If the Service provides a legitimate, nondiscrimina-
tory reason for the action, Adams may then attempt to prove by a pre-
ponderance of the evidence that the legitimate reasons asserted by the
Service were not true reasons but pretexts for discrimination. Id. at
507-08.
In a Title VII action alleging disparate treatment, the decisive issue
is whether the defendant's disciplinary actions were motivated by
race. See Moore v. City of Charlotte, 754 F.2d 1100, 1104 (4th Cir.
1985). Adams must establish that he engaged in conduct similar to
conduct of a person of another race and that the disciplinary measures
enforced against him were more severe than those enforced against
the other person. See id. at 1105. The most important variables in this
context are the nature of the offenses and the nature of the punishment
imposed. See id. We also note that courts have held that disciplinary
measures taken by different supervisors may not be comparable for
Title VII purposes. See Jones v. Bessemer Carraway Med. Ctr., 137
F.3d 1306, 1312 n.7 (11th Cir. 1998).
The district court concluded that Adams had established "a very,
very thin prima facie case," but concluded that the "legitimate nondis-
criminatory reason presented by the defendant . . . is more than suffi-
cient to sustain the particular disciplinary action taken in this case."
The court continued that there was "no evidence in this record of dis-
parate treatment based on race for the kind of behavior for which the
plaintiff was involved." The court's resolution of whether the Ser-
vice's disciplinary action was motivated by race is a finding of fact
that we may reverse only if the determination is"clearly erroneous."
See Moore, 754 F.2d at 1104 (citing Pullman-Standard v. Swint, 456
U.S. 273, 285-90 (1982)).
Adams, a letter carrier with the Service, was involved in a physical
altercation with a fellow employee in December 1995 in the work-
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place. The altercation was witnessed by other employees and two
supervisors, and there was evidence that both Adams and the other
party punched each other. Both had to be physically separated and
restrained. When this incident occurred, the Service had a "zero toler-
ance" policy for violent conduct in the workplace under which the
usual penalty for participation in a physical altercation in the work-
place is firing. After investigation, the Service issued a notice of
removal to Adams; the other party was also fired for his involvement
in the altercation. Following settlement of a grievance Adams filed
challenging his removal, Adams was reinstated and his removal was
converted to a fourteen-day suspension. Adams received back pay for
the time between his removal and his reinstatement except for the
fourteen-day period.
Based upon this evidence, we find no clear error in the district
court's determination that the Service's disciplinary action was not
based upon race. We therefore affirm the district court's order. We
dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions
are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argu-
ment would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
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