UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v. No. 99-4003
GREGORY BERNARD WHITENER,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of North Carolina, at Durham.
James A. Beaty, Jr., District Judge.
(CR-98-209)
Submitted: June 8, 1999
Decided: July 22, 1999
Before WIDENER, ERVIN, and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges.
_________________________________________________________________
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
_________________________________________________________________
COUNSEL
J. Matthew Martin, MARTIN & MARTIN, P.A., Hillsborough, North
Carolina, for Appellant. Walter C. Holton, Jr., United States Attorney,
Harry L. Hobgood, Assistant United States Attorney, Greensboro,
North Carolina, for Appellee.
_________________________________________________________________
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. See
Local Rule 36(c).
OPINION
PER CURIAM:
Gregory Bernard Whitener pled guilty to bank robbery, 18
U.S.C.A. § 2113(a) (West Supp. 1999), and received a sentence of
forty-six months imprisonment. He appeals his sentence on the
ground that the district court erred in enhancing his sentence for a
threat of death. See U.S. Sentencing Guidelines Manual
§ 2B3.1(b)(2)(F) (1998). We affirm.
Whitener robbed a bank by giving the teller a note which said, "I
have a gun this is a holdup!! Place $1200 (Twelve Hundred Dollars)
in this envelope now and no one gets hurt LARGE BILLS PLEASE."
The district court held that the enhancement for making a threat of
death should apply because the statement in the note was enough to
place a reasonable person in fear for his or her life if Whitener's
instructions were not followed.
Guideline section 2B3.1(b)(2)(F) provides for a two-level enhance-
ment "if a threat of death is made." The commentary further provides
that the death threat may consist of an oral or written statement, an
act, a gesture, or a combination of these. The threat to kill need not
be expressly stated. The enhancement should be applied in cases
where the defendant's conduct would cause a reasonable victim to
fear death. USSG § 2B3.1, comment. (n.6); see also United States v.
Murray, 65 F.3d 1161, 1167 (4th Cir. 1995) ("a threat to shoot a fire-
arm at a person during a robbery, created by any combination of state-
ments, gestures, or actions that would put an ordinary victim in
reasonable fear for his life, is an express threat of death," even if the
robber does not possess a gun).
Whitener argues on appeal, as he did in the district court, that the
enhancement should not apply in his case because he made no spe-
cific threats to kill the teller or gestures indicating an intent to kill. He
asserts that he did not actually have a gun, that he merely stated that
he had a gun, and that a mere statement that the robber has a gun
should not be enough to trigger the enhancement. However, Whitener
did more than just state that he had a gun. He also impliedly threat-
ened to use the gun if his demand for money was not fulfilled. As
2
explained in Murray and in Application Note 6 to § 2B3.1, a threat
to shoot someone is a threat of death. Therefore, Whitener's statement
in the demand note constituted a threat of death and we find that the
district court did not err in making the enhancement.
We therefore affirm the sentence. We dispense with oral argument
because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the
materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
3