FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
DEC 14 2017
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ALBERTO ULISES HERNANDEZ- No. 14-72542
MUNOZ,
Agency No. A089-296-568
Petitioner,
v. MEMORANDUM*
JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted December 14, 2017**
Pasadena, California
Before: REINHARDT, GILMAN,*** and WARDLAW, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Ronald Lee Gilman, United States Circuit Judge for
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation.
Hernandez-Munoz applied for adjustment of status to lawful permanent
resident under 8 U.S.C. § 1255(i). Because he was inadmissible due to a single
conviction for possession of a small amount of marijuana, see 8 U.S.C.
§ 1182(a)(2)(A)(i)(II), Hernandez-Munoz also applied for a waiver of
inadmissibility under 8 U.S.C. § 1182(h). On direct examination, Hernandez-
Munoz’s own lawyer elicited admissions from Hernandez-Munoz that he had used
marijuana on numerous prior occasions. The IJ found that Hernandez-Munoz was
ineligible for a waiver of inadmissibility because he had supposedly admitted to
facts constituting the essential elements of numerous counts of marijuana
possession. See 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i). However, the IJ also “note[d] that
were it not for these admissions, the Court would not hesitate in granting
Respondent’s adjustment of status and 212(h) waiver.”
It is well-established under both California and federal law in this circuit that
use of a drug does not necessarily imply possession of that drug. Rather, use is at
most circumstantial evidence of possession. See United States v. Martin, 984 F.2d
308, 311 n.5 (9th Cir. 1993) (citing United States v. Blackston, 940 F.2d 877, 883
(3d Cir. 1991)); Flores-Arellano v. I.N.S., 5 F.3d 360, 363 n.5 (9th Cir. 1993);
People v. Morales, 25 Cal. 4th 34, 44 (2001); People v. Palaschak, 9 Cal. 4th
1236, 1240-41 (1995); People v. Spann, 187 Cal. App. 3d 400, 401-06 (1986);
2
People v. Ayala, 334 P.2d 61, 63 (Cal. Dist. Ct. App. 1959). In fact, in its
supplemental brief the government acknowledges that use is only circumstantial
evidence of possession. Therefore, Hernandez-Munoz’s admissions to using
marijuana were not admissions to “acts which constitute the essential elements of”
marijuana possession. 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(2)(A)(i) (emphasis added).1
The government argues that by admitting to acts which constitute
circumstantial evidence of marijuana possession, Hernandez-Munoz assumed a
burden to prove that he did not possess marijuana on each of those occasions. This
argument is contradicted by the plain text of the statute. Hernandez-Munoz is
inadmissible under the relevant provision only if he admitted to the essential
elements of marijuana possession. He did not admit to those essential elements. He
has therefore carried his burden to show his eligibility for relief.
The petition for review is granted and the case is remanded to the BIA for
further proceedings consistent with this disposition.
GRANTED and REMANDED.
1
The government also acknowledges that “it is not . . . a violation of
California [law] to use or be under the influence of marijuana. Nor is it technically
a violation of federal law to use a controlled substance.”
3
Alberto Hernandez-Munoz v. Jefferson Sessions
Combined Opinion