The defendant was indicted for the offense of an assault witii intent to murder, and on -the trial therefor was found guilty by the jury. A motion was made for a new trial on the grounds that the verdict was contrary to law, contrary to the evidence, and without evidence to sustain it; because the court erred in admitting the evidence of the committing magistrate over the objection of defendant, that on the commitment trial before him he examined the defendant, who slated at first “that he was in his house cooking some bread for for his children when the gun fired, and when the justice told him to tell it over again, to see if he would tell the same story, when defendant said he was in his house breaking bread and dividing it out among his children when the gun fired;” because the court erred in not charging the jury as to any other grade of homicide but that of murder; because the court erred in its charge.to the jury, after stating that where there is a chain of circumstances that point to a fact, and one witness swears positively to the contrary, that they could determine which they would believe, added, “but that law wri
1, 2. The admission of the evidence of the committing justice, was error, for two reasons : First, because the justice had no legal right to examine the defendant as he did for the purpose of obtaining from him contradictory statements. The iustice had only the legal right to allow the defendant to make his statement, not under oath, if he desired to do so, but did not have the right to act as an inquisitor, to entrap the defendant. If the defendant desired to make a voluntary statement, and did so, then it was the duty of the justice to reduce it to writing, and ljave returned it to court with the other papers: Code, 4733. Second, inasmuch as the justice is required to reduce the defendant’s statement to writing, the legal presumption is that he did so, which would have been the highest and best evidence as to what the defendant did state, unless it had been made to appear that it was not reduced to writing, or had been lost or destroyed, which was not pretended in this case.
3. To make out the offense charged in the indictment the assault must have been made on the person of the prosecutor under such circumstances as if death had ensued it would have been murder. Assuming that the evidence identifies the
4. It was error in the court to tell the jury, “that law writers say. that a chain of circumstances cannot lie, whilst a witness may,” because it was calculated to impress on the minds of the jury that the defendant’s witness had sworn falsely, and therefore should not be believed. It is the duty of the court to charge the jury as to the law applicable to the facts of the case, and leave it to them to judge of the credibility of the witnesses, without any disparagement of them by the court, directly or indirectly. Under the evidence in this record, when taken in connection with the errors of the court at the trial, we reverse the judgment of the court below and order a new trial.
Judgment reversed.