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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
MICHAEL BIVANS
Appellant No. 583 EDA 2016
Appeal from the PCRA Order January 29, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-46-CR-2370-2013
BEFORE: GANTMAN, P.J., MOULTON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MOULTON, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 23, 2016
Michael Bivans appeals, pro se, from the January 29, 2016 order of the
Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County dismissing his petition filed
pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-
9546. We affirm.
On September 24, 2014, Bivans entered an open guilty plea to three
counts of robbery (threatening serious bodily injury), one count of burglary
(home with person present), and one count of criminal conspiracy to commit
robbery (threatening serious bodily injury).1 After conducting an oral
colloquy of Bivans and incorporating his eight-page written colloquy into the
record, the trial court accepted Bivans’ guilty plea. N.T., 9/24/14, at 3-9.
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1
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3701(a)(1)(ii), 3502(a)(1), and 903(a), respectively.
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On December 15, 2014, the trial court sentenced Bivans to concurrent terms
of 8 to 20 years’ incarceration for each robbery conviction, 6 to 20 years’
incarceration for the burglary conviction, and 6 to 20 years’ incarceration for
the conspiracy conviction. N.T., 12/15/14, at 26.
On January 13, 2015, Bivans filed a pro se motion to withdraw his
guilty plea, asserting his innocence and alleging that the Commonwealth had
agreed that he would be sentenced to 2 to 4 years’ incarceration on each
robbery conviction in exchange for his guilty plea. After a hearing on
February 4, 2015, the trial court denied this motion.2 Bivans did not file an
appeal but filed a pro se PCRA petition on October 14, 2015, claiming that
he entered his plea under duress and received ineffective assistance of
counsel because his counsel failed to move to suppress incriminating
evidence, confront witnesses, or object to the trial court’s “illegal mandatory
minimum sentence” on the robbery convictions.
On November 9, 2015, the PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed a
motion for leave to withdraw and a Turner/Finley3 letter on December 29,
2015. On January 5, 2016, based on PCRA counsel’s representations and
the PCRA court’s independent review of the record, the PCRA court granted
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2
Bivans also orally requested reconsideration of his sentence, which
the trial court denied.
3
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988);
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc).
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counsel leave to withdraw. That same day, the PCRA court issued a notice
of intent to dismiss Bivans’ PCRA petition pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of
Criminal Procedure 907, to which Bivans responded on January 26, 2016.
The PCRA court dismissed the petition on January 29, 2016. On February
12, 2016, Bivans timely appealed.
Bivans raises the following issues on appeal:
1. Being that [Bivans] filed on January 13, 2015, a motion to
withdrawl [sic] guilty plea, Did the Honorable Court ERR in
not granting motion to withdrawl [sic]?
2. Did the Trial Court ERR in using [Bivans’] Juvenile record.
Being that [Bivans’] prior record score was in fact a record
score of -0- Did the Trial Court give [Bivans] a mandatory
minimum sentence of 8 years to 20 years?
3. Being that [Bivans] has newly discovered evidence, Did
Trial Court ERR in dismissing [Bivans’] PCRA?
Bivans’ Br. at 7.
“Our standard of review from the grant or denial of post-conviction
relief is limited to examining whether the PCRA court’s determination is
supported by the evidence of record and whether it is free of legal error.”
Commonwealth v. Ousley, 21 A.3d 1238, 1242 (Pa.Super. 2011). “We
will not disturb findings that are supported by the record.” Commonwealth
v. Yager, 685 A.2d 1000, 1003 (Pa.Super. 1996) (en banc).
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Bivans advances two4 allegations of ineffective assistance of counsel:
(1) counsel failed to file a motion to suppress certain evidence, which caused
him to enter a guilty plea under duress, and (2) counsel induced Bivans to
enter a guilty plea, thus preventing Bivans from confronting witnesses.
Before addressing Bivans’ issues, we must first address the Commonwealth’s
contention that Bivans has waived his ineffective assistance of counsel
claims because he pled guilty to his crimes, “thus obviating the need for a
trial in the first place, and therefore waiving his right to raise these
challenges.” Cmwlth.’s Br. at 6. According to the Commonwealth, after a
defendant enters a guilty plea, “the only legally cognizable issues in a post-
conviction proceeding are those which affect either the voluntariness of the
guilty plea or the legality of the sentence.” Id. (quoting Commonwealth v.
Casner, 461 A.2d 324, 325 (Pa.Super. 1983)). The Commonwealth argues
that because Bivans’ ineffective assistance of counsel claims do not
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4
In his PCRA petition and appellate brief, Bivans attempts to raise an
after-discovered evidence claim by way of an ineffective assistance of
counsel claim, arguing that his counsel was ineffective for failing to call
Bivans’ co-defendant to the stand. Bivans claims his co-defendant’s
testimony would have allegedly “prove[d] [Bivans] had nothing to do with
[the] alleged crime.” Bivans’ Br. at 11, 13. However, in his petition and
brief, Bivans failed to allege any of the four elements required to establish
an after-discovered evidence claim. See Commonwealth v. D’Amato, 856
A.2d 806, 823 (Pa. 2004). Therefore, Bivans has waived this claim. See
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 985 A.2d 915, 924 (Pa. 2009) (“[W]here an
appellate brief fails to provide any discussion of a claim with citation to
relevant authority or fails to develop the issue in any other meaningful
fashion capable of review, that claim is waived”).
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challenge the voluntariness of his guilty plea, he has waived these claims.
Id.
Generally, a PCRA court may review guilty pleas only where the
petitioner claims the plea was unlawfully induced. However, this Court has
stated that “all constitutionally cognizable claims of ineffective assistance of
counsel may be reviewed under the PCRA.” Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820
A.2d 728, 731 (Pa.Super. 2003) (quoting Commonwealth ex rel. Dadario
v. Goldberg, 773 A.2d 126, 130 (Pa. 2001)). Construing Bivans’ petition
and brief liberally, we understand Bivans to argue that he entered a plea
under duress because of counsel’s ineffective assistance, which is a claim
cognizable under Section 9543(a)(2)(ii). Accordingly, we will address the
merits of this claim.
“[T]o be entitled to relief on a claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel, the PCRA petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of
the evidence that (1) the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel
whose effectiveness is at issue did not have a reasonable basis for his action
or inaction; and (3) the PCRA petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of
counsel's action or inaction.” Commonwealth v. Steele, 961 A.2d 786,
796 (Pa. 2008). “Allegations of ineffectiveness in connection with the entry
of a guilty plea will serve as a basis for relief only if the ineffectiveness
caused appellant to enter an involuntary or unknowing plea.”
Commonwealth v. Allen, 732 A.2d 582, 587 (Pa. 1999). “In determining
whether a guilty plea was entered knowingly and intelligently, a reviewing
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court must review all of the circumstances surrounding the entry of that
plea.” Id.
Here, Bivans asserts that his counsel induced him to enter an
involuntary plea. The PCRA court aptly analyzed the merits of Bivans’
involuntariness claim as follows:
In this case, the colloquies, both oral and written were
extensive and covered all of the areas required by law. At
the time of the colloquy, Bivans was 25 years of age and
had obtained a GED. Bivans denied being under the
influence of drugs or alcohol. He also denied that anyone
had forced him to plead guilty. He affirmed that he was
entering a guilty plea of his own free will. He also denied
that anyone had made any threats that would cause him to
plead guilty. Bivans acknowledged that he understood the
maximum penalties for his crimes and that he was giving
up his right to have a trial by jury. Further, Bivans agreed
to the facts as set forth by the Commonwealth. Moreover,
Bivans understood the nature of the charges he pleaded
guilty to, that he is presumed innocent until proven guilty
and of the permissible range of sentences and fines for the
offenses charged.
Bivans’ assertion in his PCRA petition that he entered his
guilty plea under duress, it is completely belied by both his
testimony in court and his affirmations in his written guilty
plea colloquy. Bivans is bound by the statements he made
at that time. Commonwealth v. Brown, 48 A.3d 1275,
1277 (Pa.Super. 2012) (A defendant is bound by the
statements made during the plea colloquy, and a
defendant may not later offer reasons for withdrawing the
plea that contradict statements made when he pled.).
Trial Court Opinion, 4/5/16, at 6-7 (“1925(a) Op.) (record citations omitted).
The PCRA court’s determination is supported by the record and free of legal
error.
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Independent of his ineffective assistance of counsel claims, Bivans also
argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to withdraw his guilty
plea. To be eligible for PCRA relief, “a petitioner must plead and prove,”
among other things, “that the allegation of error has not been previously
litigated or waived.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(3). A petitioner waives an
allegation of error where he “could have raised it but failed to do so before
trial, at trial, during unitary review, on appeal or in a prior state
postconviction proceeding.” Id. § 9544(b) (emphasis added). Bivans raised
an issue regarding the validity of his guilty plea before the trial court, but
failed to file a direct appeal. Because Bivans could have raised this issue on
direct appeal from his judgment of sentence, see Commonwealth v.
Whittaker, 436 A.2d 1207, 1208 (Pa.Super. 1981), he has waived his right
to challenge it on collateral review.
Bivans next raises two sentencing issues. First, he argues that the
trial court miscalculated his prior record score by inappropriately including
Bivans’ juvenile adjudications of delinquency. In the argument section of his
brief, Bivans frames this issue as an ineffective assistance of counsel claim,
arguing that his counsel failed to object to the calculation of the prior record
score. Bivans’ Br. at 11-12. The Commonwealth argues that Bivans’ claim
is a discretionary aspect of sentencing claim, which is not cognizable under
the PCRA. Cmwlth.’s Br. at 7. We agree with the Commonwealth.
It is well settled that a challenge “to the calculation of the Sentencing
Guidelines raises a question of the discretionary aspects of a defendant’s
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sentence.” Commonwealth v. O’Bidos, 849 A.2d 243, 253 (Pa.Super.
2004) (quotation omitted). Further, “[c]hallenges to the discretionary
aspects of sentencing are not cognizable under the PCRA.” Commonwealth
v. Fowler, 930 A.2d 586, 593 (Pa.Super. 2007). Bivans’ claim of ineffective
assistance of counsel for failing to object to his prior record score also fails.
This Court recently upheld the use of juvenile adjudications in calculating an
adult offender’s prior record score. Commonwealth v. Bonner, 135 A.3d
592, 606 (Pa.Super.), app. denied, 145 A.3d 161 (Pa. 2016). Accordingly,
this claim lacks merit.
Bivans also argues that the trial court imposed an illegal mandatory
minimum sentence. According to Bivans, the trial court sentenced him
pursuant to 42 Pa.C.S. § 9712, a now-unconstitutional statute5 that
mandated higher minimum sentences for persons who committed a crime of
violence while visibly possessing a firearm that placed the victim in
reasonable fear of death or serious bodily injury. Bivans’ Br. at 14. Because
Section 9712 was declared unconstitutional in the wake of Alleyne v.
United States, 133 S.Ct. 2151 (2013), Bivans argues that his sentence is
illegal. Bivans’ Br. at 16, 19. We disagree.
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5
This Court declared Section 9712 unconstitutional in
Commonwealth v. Valentine, 101 A.3d 801 (Pa.Super. 2014), app.
denied, 124 A.3d 309 (Pa. 2015).
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The Commonwealth did not seek, and the trial court did not apply, a
mandatory minimum sentence. See 1925(a) Op. at 7-8. Rather, the trial
court sentenced Bivans in the aggravated range of the Sentencing
Guidelines, and the Guidelines calculation sheets show possible consideration
of the deadly weapon enhancement. Further, as the Commonwealth points
out, the trial court applied a discretionary minimum sentence of eight years’
incarceration, well beyond the mandatory minimum sentence of five years’
incarceration in Section 9712. Because Bivans was not sentenced pursuant
to Section 9712, or any other mandatory minimum sentencing statute, he is
not entitled to relief.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 11/23/2016
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Com. v. Bivans, M.
Combined Opinion