J-S29023-15
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
KRISTOPHER EUGENE GARNER
Appellant No. 1388 WDA 2014
Appeal from the PCRA Order August 20, 2014
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-02-CR-0016150-2007
BEFORE: PANELLA, J., MUNDY, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY MUNDY, J.: FILED AUGUST 26, 2015
Appellant, Kristopher Eugene Garner, appeals from the August 20,
2014 order dismissing his first petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we
affirm.
The PCRA court has set forth the facts and procedural history of this
case as follows.
This matter arises out of [Appellant]’s
conviction after a jury trial on August 27, 2009 of
[h]omicide in the [t]hird [d]egree and [c]riminal
[c]onspiracy for which he was sentenced to 15 to 30
years for the murder conviction and a consecutive
term of 2 ½ to 5 years for conspiracy. The homicide
____________________________________________
*
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
J-S29023-15
occurred on September 12, 2003 and [Appellant]
was arrested on October 17, 2007. [Appellant]’s
conviction occurred after three prior trials which
occurred on July 14, 2008, October 7, 2008 and May
12, 2009, respectively, all of which ended in
mistrials. On appeal of his conviction, the Superior
Court, in a memorandum opinion of October 25,
2011, remanded to the trial court for a hearing
regarding the alleged recantation of a witness trial
testimony, but otherwise affirmed the judgment of
sentence. Commonwealth v. Garner, 37 A.2d
1244 (Pa. Super. 2011).
A hearing on the remand was held on March 5,
2012, and on March 9, 2012[,] an order was entered
finding that the witness did not knowingly and
voluntarily recant his testimony. [On March 13,
2013, Appellant] subsequently filed the instant
[m]otion for [r]eduction of [s]entence, which was
designated a PCRA [p]etition. In his [a]mended
PCRA [p]etition, [Appellant] alleged that he was
entitled to additional credit for time served and that
trial counsel was ineffective in failing to adequately
consult with him concerning accepting or rejecting
plea offers made prior to his conviction.
[Appellant] claims that counsel was ineffective
in failing to consult with him because in early April or
May of 2009 counsel met with [Appellant] and
informed him that the Commonwealth had offered to
agree to a sentence of 20 to 40 years in exchange
for a plea of guilty to [t]hird-[d]egree [m]urder and
other charges. [Appellant] allege[s] that counsel
informed him not to take the offer. [Appellant] then
alleges that:
“During jury selection for the May 2009 trial,
Attorney Seman discussed with [Appellant]
[the] Commonwealth[’s] offers involving
agreement on a minimum sentence of 10, 12,
and 15 years[’] incarceration. Attorney Seman
did not advise [Appellant] that an acquittal on
all charges would be extremely difficult in light
of [Appellant]’s statement that [Appellant] was
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present at the scene at the time of the
stabbing and in light of Marvin Harpool’s
testimony regarding [Appellant]’s participation
in the assault of the victim. lf Attorney Seman
advised [Appellant] of the difficulties in
obtaining an acquittal, [Appellant] would have
accepted any of the offers made during the
jury selection process for the May 2009 trial.”
(Amended PCRA Petition, pp. 13-14)
[On August 7, 2014, a PCRA hearing was
held.] At the PCRA hearing[,] trial counsel testified
that he represented [Appellant] at each trial, three of
which resulted in a mistrial, as well as the fourth trial
which resulted in [Appellant]’s conviction. Counsel
testified that throughout his representation of
[Appellant], there were negotiations and discussions
concerning potential plea agreements “almost on a
weekly basis while we were going through this[.]”
Counsel testified that despite repeated efforts to
obtain an acceptable plea offer from the
Commonwealth, the Commonwealth never made an
offer that was “anywhere near something that
[Appellant] was willing to accept and that the only
offer actually made was 20 to 40 years.” Counsel
denied that there were offers made with minimum
sentences of 10, 12 or 15 years and that if offers of
10 or 12 years had been made he would have
advised [Appellant] to take any such offers. Counsel
acknowledged that those numbers were discussed in
the context of requesting such an offer, stating:
These are all numbers that Mr. Garner and I
discussed, like could we possibly get it. Mr.
Garner would say, “Is there any way we could
get a 10 to 20. One time he asked me if there
was any way he could get a 5 to 10. Just
because a number is discussed, certainly,
absolutely was not an offer made by the
Commonwealth because you know, 10 to 20, I
would have told Mr. Garner to consider, if not
jump at it.”
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Counsel reiterated that the only offer actually
made was 20 to 40 years and that the
Commonwealth already had a co-defendant who was
willing to testify against the other two co-
defendants, that [Appellant] did not wish to testify
and that these factors hampered the ability to obtain
an acceptable plea agreement.
[Appellant] testified at the PCRA hearing and
acknowledged that various possible agreements were
discussed prior to each of his trials. He testified that
prior to his first trial the only plea was an “open
plea” and that the length of the sentence would be at
the discretion of the court. [Appellant] testified that
after each of the trials different offers were discussed
“until the fourth trial, we had a conversation down in
the bullpen. He told me. ‘Well, the DA offered a 10
to 20.’” [Appellant] testified that he informed
counsel that such an offer “was still a lot” and that in
response counsel stated, “I am going to try to get
something lower” based on [Appellant]’s prior score
of zero, [Appellant] said that he indicated “fine” and
counsel left and ret[urned] twenty minutes later and
informed [Appellant] that “the deal was off the
table.”
[Appellant] denied that there was ever an offer
of 20 to 40 but that that sentence was discussed in
the context of an open plea. He testified that
subsequent offers were made of “15 to 30, 12 to 24
and a 10 to 20” and that “[e]ach deal was made
before the start of the new trial.”
[Appellant] also testified regarding the alleged
plea offer of 12 to 24 that:
“He said, “I’d think about it,” but at the
same time, I’m like, there wasn’t that
much - there was nothing against me
except a person saying, yeah, I seen him,
and the person just happened to be a liar, so
therefore, it was like his word against
mine[.]” (emphasis added).
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[Appellant] then testified that there was an offer
made of 10 to 20 and that counsel indicated that he
thought he could get it to 4 to 8 with a boot camp
recommendation. [Appellant] also testified that he
even as to that sentence he said “Man, I’m not too
sure,” and he (counsel) said, “Why not?”
[Appellant] then indicated that counsel told him that
he could “get a 5 to 10 or 6 to 12 on your first
offense.” It was at that point that [Appellant] told
counsel, referencing the 4 to 8, “Fine. If you can get
it, then I’ll do the time.” [Appellant] contends that
he would have taken the offer of 10 to 20 even if it
included a condition to testify against his
codefendant. After consideration of all of the
testimony it was determined that [Appellant] failed
to meet his burden of establishing that counsel was
ineffective in failing to consult with him regarding the
plea offer or the risks of proceeding to trial.
PCRA Court Opinion, 1/12/15, at 2-5 (some citations omitted, emphasis and
italics in original). Accordingly, on August 20, 2014, the PCRA court denied
Appellant’s PCRA petition. On August 21, 2014, Appellant filed a timely
notice of appeal.1
On appeal, Appellant raises the following issue for our review.
Whether Attorney Seman was ineffective--in
violation of Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania
Constitution and/or the Sixth and Fourteenth
Amendments to the United States Constitution--in
failing to adequately consult with defendant about
accepting or rejecting the plea offer made prior to
the October 7-9, 2008 jury trial in this matter
proposing a sentence the minimum of which was 10,
____________________________________________
1
Although not ordered to do so, Appellant filed a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal in accordance with Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure 1925(b). On January 12, 2015, the trial court filed a Rule
1925(a) opinion.
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12 or 15 years[’] incarceration where it is reasonably
likely defendant would have accepted that offer after
adequate consultation?
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
The following principles guide our review of an appeal from the denial
of PCRA relief.
On appeal from the denial of PCRA relief, our
standard and scope of review is limited to
determining whether the PCRA court’s findings are
supported by the record and without legal error.
[Our] scope of review is limited to the findings of the
PCRA court and the evidence of record, viewed in the
light most favorable to the prevailing party at the
PCRA court level. The PCRA court’s credibility
determinations, when supported by the record, are
binding on this Court. However, this Court applies a
de novo standard of review to the PCRA court’s legal
conclusions.
Commonwealth v. Medina, 92 A.3d 1210, 1214-1215 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(en banc) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted), appeal granted,
10 A.3d 658, (Pa. 2014). Further, in order to be eligible for PCRA relief, a
petitioner must plead and prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his
conviction or sentence arose from one or more of the errors listed at
Section 9543(a)(2) of the PCRA. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9543(a)(2). These errors
include ineffectiveness of counsel. Id. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). These issues must
be neither previously litigated nor waived. Id. § 9543(a)(3).
In his sole issue on appeal, Appellant challenges that trial counsel was
ineffective. When reviewing a claim of ineffective assistance, we apply the
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following test, first articulated by our Supreme Court in Commonwealth v.
Pierce, 527 A.2d 973 (Pa. 1987).
When considering such a claim, courts
presume that counsel was effective, and place upon
the appellant the burden of proving otherwise.
Counsel cannot be found ineffective for failure to
assert a baseless claim.
To succeed on a claim that counsel was
ineffective, Appellant must demonstrate that: (1) the
claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel had no
reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or
inaction; and (3) counsel’s ineffectiveness prejudiced
him.
…
[T]o demonstrate prejudice, appellant must
show there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s error, the outcome of the proceeding would
have been different.
Commonwealth v. Michaud, 70 A.3d 862, 867 (Pa. Super. 2013) (internal
quotation marks and citations omitted). “Failure to establish any prong of
the test will defeat an ineffectiveness claim.” Commonwealth v.
Birdsong, 24 A.3d 319, 329 (Pa. 2011).
Herein, Appellant argues counsel was ineffective for failing to advise
him to take plea offers he alleges the Commonwealth offered. Appellant’s
Brief at 18-21. Specifically, Appellant asserts the PCRA court erred in
believing trial counsel that there were no offers of less than 20 to 40 years
imprisonment made by the Commonwealth. Id. at 18. After careful review,
we conclude Appellant’s claim is meritless. See Michaud, supra. The
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PCRA court’s Rule 1925(a) opinion thoroughly and accurately sets forth the
reasons for its denial of Appellant’s claim. A review of the August 7, 2014,
PCRA hearing transcript reveals the PCRA court’s credibility conclusions are
supported by the record. See Medina, supra. Accordingly, we adopt the
opinion of the Honorable Randal B. Todd as our own for purposes of our
review. See PCRA Court Opinion, 1/12/15, at 5-8.
For the foregoing reasons, we conclude Appellant’s issue is without
merit. Therefore, discerning no error by the PCRA court, we affirm the
August 20, 2014 order denying Appellant’s PCRA petition.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/26/2015
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IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA
COMMONWEALTH OF ) CRIMINAL DCVlSION
PENNSYLVANIA, )
) NO; CC2007-16150
v. )
)
KRISTOPHER GARNER, )
)
Defendant. )
January 12, 2015
TODD,J.
OPINION
This is an appeal by Petitioner from an order entered on August 20, 2014 denying his
PCRA Petitioner after a hearing held on August 7. 2014. Petitioner filed a Motion for Sentence
Reduction on March 13, 2013, On April 3, 2013 an order was entered designating the Motion as
a PCRA Petition and appointing counsel. On April 24, June 25 and August 5. 2013 orders were
entered granting Petitioner's Motions for Extension of Time to File an Amended PCRA Petition.
On August 29, 2013 an Amended PCRA Petition was filed and on September 30, 2013 the
Commonwealth filed an Answer to the Amended Petition. On November 19, 2013 an order was
entered for a hearing on January 8, 2014. On February 11., 2014 an order was entered granting
Petitioner's Motion to Correct First Claim in Amended PCRA Petition. On March 14, 2014 an
order was entered granting Petitioner additional time credit applicable to his sentence. On
August 7, 2014 a hearing was held on Petitioner's claim of ineffectiveness of counsel related to
consulting on the plea offer and on August 20, 2014 an order was entered dismissing the
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Petition. On August 21, 2014 Petitioner filed a Notice of Appeal to the Superior Court and
Concise Statement of Matters Complained On Appeal which set forth the following:
..Whether Attorney Seman was ineffective - in violation of Article I, Section 9 of
the Pennsylvania Constitution and/or the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution-in failing to adequately consult with Defendant about
accepting or rejecting the plea offer made prior to the October 7-9 jury trial in this
matter proposing a sentence the minimum of which was 10. t 2 or 15 years
incarceration where it is reasonable likely Defendant would have accepted that
offer after adequate consultation?"
BACKGROUND;
This matter arises out of Petitioner's conviction after a jury trial on August 27, 2009 of
Homicide in the Third Degree and Criminal Conspiracy for which he was sentenced to 1.5 to 30
years for the murder conviction and a consecutive term of 2 !Ii to 5 years for conspiracy. The
homicide occurred on September 12, 2003 and Petitioner was arrested on October 17, 2007.
Defendant' s conviction occurred after three prior trials which occurred on July 14, 2008. October
7, 2008 and May 12, 2009, respectively, all of which ended in mistrials. On appeal of his
conviction, the Superior Court, in a memorandum opinion of October 25, 2011, remanded to the
trial court for a hearing regarding the alleged recantation of a witness' trial testimony, but
otherwise affirmed the judgment of sentence. Commonwealth v. Gamer, 31 A.2d 1244 (Pa.
Super. 2011)
A hearing on the remand was held on March 5, 2012, and on March 9, 2012 an order was
entered finding that the witness did not knowingly and voluntarily recant his testimony.
Petitioner subsequently filed the instant Motion for Reduction of Sentence, which was
designated a PCRA Petition. In his Amended PCRA Petition, Petitioner alleged that he was
entitled to additional credit for time served and that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to
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adequately consult with him concerning accepting or rejecting plea offers made prior to his
conviction.
Petitioner claims that counsel was ineffective in failing to consult with him because In
early April or May of 2009 counsel met with Petitioner and informed him that the
Commonwealth had offered to agree to a sentence of20 to 40 years in exchange for a plea of
guilty to Third-Degree Murder and other charges. Petitioner alleged that counsel informed him
not to take the offer. Petitioner then alleges that:
"During jury selection for the May 2009 trial, Attorney Seman discussed with
Defendant Corrunonwealth offers involving agreement on a minimum sentence of
10, 12, and 15 years incarceration. Attorney Seman did not advise Defendant that
an acquittal on all charges would be extremely difficult in light of Defendant's
statement that Defendant was present at the scene at the time of che stabbing and
in light of Marvin Harpools testimony regarding Defendant's participation in the
assault of the victim. If Attorney Seman advised Defendant of the difficulties in
obtaining an acquittal, Defendant would have accepted any of the offers made
during the jury selection process for the May 2009 trial." (Amended PCRA
Petition, pp. 13-14)
At the PCRA hearing trial counsel testified that he represented Petitioner at each trial.
three of which resulted in a mistrial. as well as the fourth trial which resulted in Petitioner' s
conviction. Counsel testified that throughout his representation of Petitioner, there were
negotiations and discussions concerning potential plea agreements "almost on a weekly basis
while we were going through this." (T., p. 4) Counsel testified that despite repeated efforts to
obtain an acceptable plea offer from the Commonwealth, the Commonwealth never made an
offer that was "anywhere near something" that Petitioner was willing to accept and that the only
offer actually made was 20 to 40 years. (T., p. 4) Counsel denied that there were offers made
with minimum sentences of 10. 12 or 15 years and that if offers of 10 or 12 years had been made
.
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he would have advised Petitioner to take any such offers. (T., p.5) Counsel acknowledged that
those numbers were discussed in the context of requesting such an off er. stating:
"These are all numbers that Mr. Garner and I discussed. like could we possibly
get it. Mr. Gardner would say, "Is there any way we could get a to to 20?" One
time he asked me if there was any way he could a 5 to 10. Just because a number
is discussed, certainly, absolutely was not an offer made by the Commonwealth
because you know. 10 to 20, I would have told Mr. Gamer to consider, if not
Jump at it." (T., p. 6)
Counsel reiterated that the only offer actually made was 20 to 40 years and that the
Commonwealth already had a co-defendant who was willing to testify against the other two co-
defendants, that Defendant did not wish to testify and that these factors hampered the ability to
obtain an acceptable plea agreement. (T., pp.6- 8)
Petitioner testified at the PCRA hearing and acknowledged that various possible
agreements were discussed. prior to each of his trials. He testified that prior to his first trial the
only plea was an "open. plea" and that the length of the sentence would be at the discretion of the
court, (T., p. 10) Petitioner testified that after each of the trials different offers were discussed
"until the fourth trial, we had a conversation down in the bullpen. He told me, 'Well, the DA
offered a 10 to 20.'" (T., p.10) Petitioner testified that he informed counsel that such an offer
"was still a lot" and that in response counsel stated, «1 am going to try to get something lower"
based on Defendant's prior score of zero. (T., p. 10) Defendant said that he indicated "fine" and
counsel left and returned twenty minutes later and inf ormed Defendant that "the deal was off the
table." (T., p. 11)
Defendant denied that there was ever an offer of 20 to 40 but that that sentence was
discussed in the context of an open plea. He testified that subsequent offers were made of ''15 to
30, 12 to 24 and a 10 to 20" and that "Each deal was made before the start of the new trial." (T.,
pp. 11-12)
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Petitioner also testified regarding the alleged plea offer of 12 to 24 that;
"Ile said, "I'd think about iJ," but at the same time, rm like, there wasn't that
much -there was nothing against me except a person saying, yeah, I seen
him, and the person just happened to be a liar, so therefore, it was like his word
against mind; his credibility against PUDe" (T., pp. 12-13) (Emphasis added)
Defendant then testified that there was an offer made of 10 to 20 and that counsel indicated that
he thought he could get it to 4 to 8 with a boot camp recommendation. Petitioner also testified
that he eve,, as to that sentence he said "Man, Pm not too sure," and he (counsel) said, "Why
not?" (T., p. 13) Petitioner then indicated that counsel told him that he could "get a 5 to 10 or 6
to 12 on your first offense." (T., p. 13) It was at that point that Defendant told counsel ,
referencing the 4 to 8, "Fine. If you can get it, then I'll do the time," (T., p. 13) Defendant
contends that he would have taken the offer of 10 to 20 even if it included a condition to testify
against his codefendant, (T., p. 17) After consideration of all of the testimony it was determined
that Petitioner failed to meet his burden of establishing that counsel was ineffective in failing to
consult with him regarding the plea offer or the risks of proceeding to trial.
DISCUSSION
In order to prevail in his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel in failing to consult
regarding accepting or rejecting a plea offer, Petitioner must prove that counsel either failed to
advise him of the offer or failed to discuss counsel's professional assessments of the risks.
hazards, or prospects of proceeding to trial. In Commonwealth v. Copeland, 554 A.2d 54 (Pa.
Super. 1988), appeal denied, 565 A.2d 1165 (1989) the Court discussed the requirements for trial
counsel in advising a client regarding potential plea agreements versus proceeding to trial as
follows:
"The prevailing view among courts which have considered this issue is that
counsel has a duty to inform his client of tendered plea agreements and may be
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found ineffective for failing to do so. ( citations omitted) This precise issue has not
been before the appellate courts of Pennsylvania. However. in Commonwealth v.
Napper, 254 Pa.Super, 54, 385 A.2d 521, 10 A.L.R.4th 1 (1978). the Superior
Court determined that defense counsel had been ineffective for failing to advise
his client regarding the merits of accepting a tendered plea bargain vis-a-vis the
dangers of trial. In Napper, counsel had informed the defendant that a plea offer
had been made, but counsel had failed to give his client professionai advice
regarding the advantages of accepting the offer and the dangers inherent in
rejecting it. Finding this to constitute ineffective assistance of counsel, the Napper
Court reasoned:
Defense counsel has a duty, to communicate to his client, not only the terms of a
plea bargain off er, but also the relative merits of the offer compared to the
defendant's chances at trial. See, e.g., A.B.A. Project on Standards for Criminal
Justice: Standards Relating to The Prosecution Function and The Defense
Function, (Approved Draft, 1971):
Advising the defendant: (a) After informing himself fully on the facts and the Jaw.
the lawyer should advise the accused with complete candor concerning alt aspects
of the case. including his candid estimate of the probable outcome. (b) It is
unprofessional conduct for a lawyer intentionally to understate or overstate the
risks, hazards or prospects of the case to exert undue influence on the accused's
decision as to his plea. Id., The Defense Function§ 5.1 (emphasis added).
See also I Amsterdam, Segal and Miller, Trial Manual for the Defense of
Criminal Cases (1967):
The decision whether to plead guilty or contest a criminal charge is probably the
most important single decision in any criminal case. This decision must finally be
left to the client's wishes; counsel cannot plead a man guilty, or not guilty, against
his will. But counsel may and must give the client the benefit of his professional
advice on this crucial decision, and often he can protect the client adequately only
by using a considerable amount of persuasion to convince the client that one
course or the other is in the client's best interest Such persuasion is wost often
needed to convince the client to plead guilty in a case where a not guilty plea
would be totally destructive. Id. at '.2-143". Commonwealth v. Copeland, 554
A.2d 54, 60 (1988)
Considering the proof necessary to establish trial counsel's ineffectiveness in failing to
consult with him concerning accepting or rejecting a plea offer, it is clear that Petitioner has
failed to meet his burden. Trial counsel credibly testified that despite that fact that there were
numerous discussions throughout his representation concerning the plea negotiations, which
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included the possibility of minimum terms of 4, 10, 12 and 15 years, these discussions did not
constitute specific offers which Petitioner was given the option by the Commonwealth to accept
or reject. It is clear from the testimony that counsel and Petitioner discussed, repeatedly and at
length, the range of possible sentences, Petitioner's prior record score and the evidence with
which he would be confronted at trial. lt Is also incredible for Petitioner to assert that by the time
of the fourth trial he was unaware of the trial process, the evidence that would be presented
against htm, and the risks or hazards with proceeding co trial ln fact, Petitioner's own testimony
indicates that when an offer of 12 to 24 was allegedly discussed. which counsel told him be
"should think about," that Petitioner evaluated the evidence and felt that there was "not that
much" against him, that is, only one witness against him and that it was a question of his
credibility versus the credibility of the witness. Therefore. contrary to the allegation that counsel
failed to advise Petitioner that an acquittal on all charges would be difficult in light of his
admission that he was present at the scene and the witness statement that he participated in the
assault, Petitioner's own testimony establishes that he weighed and considered that testimony.
It is clear that Petitioner was fully advised and aware of all of the risks. hazards and
potential outcomes of proceeding to trial and elected to do so. Petitioner has not alleged or
established that there was any new evidence, witnesses, facts or circumstances that arose before
his fourth trial chat he was unaware of or that counsel failed to discuss with him. There is no
evidence that a specific plea offer was made that counsel failed to inform him of. In addition,
there is nothing in the record that indicates that Petitioner actually instructed counsel to accept a
plea offer and counsel refused to do so, contrary to his instructions.
Petitioner's testimony is also contradictory. While he testified that he would have
accepted an offer of 10 to 20 years, be also testified that when that alleged offer was discussed,
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he told counsel, "Man. I am not to sure" and it was only when counsel said that he would try to
get 4 to 8 years with a boot camp recommendation that he indicated that he "would do the time,"
however such an offer was never made by the Commonwealth. The evidence establishes that
Petitioner knowingly. intelligently and voluntarily elected to proceed to trial and that counsel
was not ineffective in failing to consult with him regarding accepting or rejecting any plea offer
or the risks. bazards or potential outcomes associated with proceeding to trial. Therefore,
Petitioner's PCllA Petition was appropriately dismissed.
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Com. v. Garner, K.
Combined Opinion