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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT
OF
PENNSYLVANIA
Appellee
v.
RONALD LEE WELLER,
Appellant No. 1977 MDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered November 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-21-CR-0000984-2017
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MCLAUGHLIN, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.*
MEMORANDUM BY BENDER, P.J.E.: FILED SEPTEMBER 19, 2018
Appellant, Ronald Lee Weller, appeals from the judgment of sentence
of, inter alia, 3 to 6 months’ imprisonment, imposed after he was convicted of
driving under the influence of alcohol or controlled substance (DUI) – general
impairment, 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(a)(1); DUI - high rate of alcohol, 75 Pa.C.S. §
3802(b); and three counts of DUI – controlled substances, 75 Pa.C.S. §
3802(d)(1)(i), (2), (3). We affirm.
The trial court provided the following factual summary of this case:
On the evening of October 8, 2016, a manager of the Sheetz store
in Shippensburg called police to report a patron[,] who appeared
intoxicated[,] driving away. Shippensburg Police Officer Malynda
Garcia received the report of an active DUI. She happened to be
only 500 feet away at the time so she arrived at the Sheetz within
minutes. As she pulled up to the intersection, the Sheetz
employee was standing outside of the store and he pointed out
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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[Appellant’s] van as the vehicle being driven by an apparently
intoxicated person. Due to traffic, another officer initiated a traffic
stop of [Appellant], though Officer Garcia arrived shortly
thereafter. She observed [Appellant] to have bloodshot, glassy
eyes, and she could smell the odor of alcohol coming from his
person. When he exited the vehicle, [Appellant] stumbled. While
he attempted to perform standard field sobriety tests[, he] was
unsteady and swaying. Due to safety concerns caused by
oncoming traffic and [Appellant’s] lack of balance, Officer Garcia
stopped the tests. At that point, she adjudged [Appellant] to be
[committing] DUI and placed him under arrest. [Appellant]
consented to a legal blood draw that returned a blood alcohol
concentration of [0].156[%] and [he] also tested positive for THC,
the active ingredient in marijuana.
Trial Court Opinion (TCO), 2/21/2018, at 1-2.
Following a nonjury trial, Appellant was convicted of the above-stated
offenses.1 He subsequently filed a timely notice of appeal, and timely
complied with the trial court’s instruction to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant presents
the following issue for our review:
Did the court err when it concluded that the evidence provided by
the Commonwealth was sufficient to find … Appellant guilty of the
charges against him?
Appellant’s Brief at 5 (unnecessary emphasis and capitalization omitted).
While Appellant purports to challenge the sufficiency of the evidence
underlying all of his convictions, the only specific sufficiency argument
Appellant makes is that “the Commonwealth failed to present sufficient
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1 We note that Appellant filed a motion to suppress prior to trial, wherein he
argued, inter alia, that the traffic stop was illegal. See Appellant’s Omnibus
Pretrial Motion, 8/10/2017, at ¶ 7. The trial court denied this motion in all
respects at Appellant’s nonjury trial. See N.T. Trial, 8/22/2017, at 58.
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evidence that [he] was driving a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol
to the degree he was ‘incapable of safe driving’” under 75 Pa.C.S. §
3802(a)(1). See Appellant’s Brief at 10; see also id. at 9.2 Appellant asserts
that he was not driving erratically, and points out that Officer Garcia admitted
that she did not observe him violating any other provisions of the Motor
Vehicle Code. Id. at 11 (citing N.T. at 27).
We apply the following standard of review to sufficiency claims:
A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law,
subject to plenary review. When reviewing a sufficiency of the
evidence claim, the appellate court must review all of the evidence
and all reasonable inferences drawn therefrom in the light most
favorable to the Commonwealth, as the verdict winner. Evidence
will be deemed to support the verdict when it establishes each
element of the crime charged and the commission thereof by the
accused, beyond a reasonable doubt. The Commonwealth need
not preclude every possibility of innocence or establish the
defendant’s guilt to a mathematical certainty. Finally, the trier of
fact while passing upon the credibility of witnesses and the weight
of the evidence produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the
evidence.
Commonwealth v. Teems, 74 A.3d 142, 144-45 (Pa. Super. 2013) (citation
omitted).
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2 Although Appellant states that the Commonwealth’s evidence was
insufficient to prove all elements of each of his remaining convictions, see
Appellant’s Brief at 9, 10, he does not specifically discuss which elements the
Commonwealth failed to prove with respect to those crimes. We therefore
deem Appellant’s sufficiency claims waived as they pertain to his other
offenses. Commonwealth v. Quel, 27 A.3d 1033, 1042 (Pa. Super. 2011)
(“As [the a]ppellant has failed to develop these claims properly by specifically
discussing the elements of the crime and those which the Commonwealth
failed to prove, [the a]ppellant has waived these claims for lack of
development.”).
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Subsection 3802(a)(1) provides that “[a]n individual may not drive,
operate or be in actual physical control of the movement of a vehicle after
imbibing a sufficient amount of alcohol such that the individual is rendered
incapable of safely driving, operating or being in actual physical control of the
movement of the vehicle.” 75 Pa.C.S. § 3802(a)(1). “Subsection 3802(a)(1)
is an ‘at the time of driving’ offense, requiring that the Commonwealth prove
the following elements: the accused was driving, operating, or in actual
physical control of the movement of a vehicle during the time when he or she
was rendered incapable of safely doing so due to the consumption of alcohol.”
Teems, 74 A.3d at 145 (original brackets and citation omitted). Further, we
acknowledge that:
Section 3802(a)(1) … is a general provision and provides no
specific restraint upon the Commonwealth in the manner in which
it may prove that an accused operated a vehicle under the
influence of alcohol to a degree which rendered him incapable of
safe driving…. The types of evidence that the Commonwealth may
proffer in a subsection 3802(a)(1) prosecution include but are not
limited to, the following: the offender’s actions and behavior,
including manner of driving and ability to pass field sobriety tests;
demeanor, including toward the investigating officer; physical
appearance, particularly bloodshot eyes and other physical signs
of intoxication; odor of alcohol, and slurred speech. Blood alcohol
level may be added to this list, although it is not necessary and
the two hour time limit for measuring blood alcohol level does not
apply. … The weight to be assigned these various types of
evidence presents a question for the fact-finder, who may rely on
his or her experience, common sense, and/or expert testimony.
Regardless of the type of evidence that the Commonwealth
proffers to support its case, the focus of subsection 3802(a)(1)
remains on the inability of the individual to drive safely due to
consumption of alcohol-not on a particular blood alcohol level.
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Id. (citation omitted). We further note that “[e]vidence of erratic driving is
not a necessary precursor to a finding of guilt under the relevant statute.”
Commonwealth v. Mobley, 14 A.3d 887, 890 (Pa. Super. 2011).
In the case sub judice, a Sheetz employee testified at trial that Appellant
was “stumbling around” in the store and bumped into “a chip rack.” See N.T.
at 8-9. Believing Appellant was intoxicated, the employee called police after
seeing Appellant leave the store and get in his car. Id. at 3-4. Appellant
conceded at trial that he had stopped to buy gas at this Sheetz on the evening
in question, went inside to pay, and then got in his vehicle and left. Id. at
43, 45. After leaving Sheetz, Appellant explained he was on his way to “meet
a lady friend” when police pulled him over. Id. at 43-44. When Officer Garcia
made contact with Appellant, she testified that she could smell alcohol on him,
and his eyes “were bloodshot and glassy.” See id. at 13. Officer Garcia asked
Appellant to get out of his vehicle, and Appellant “kind of stumbled a little bit.
… He kind of did a two-step as we got to the rear of his vehicle.” Id. at 13-
14. Officer Garcia asked Appellant to perform standard field sobriety tests,
but had to discontinue them because Appellant was “swaying” and “there was
oncoming traffic.” Id. at 16; see also id. at 14. Appellant consented to a
blood draw, and Officer Garcia took him to the hospital, where he “kept
passing out” and dozing off. Id. at 17-18. The results of the blood draw
showed Appellant’s blood alcohol level was 0.156% and he tested positive for
THC. Id. at 19. Viewing this evidence in the light most favorable to the
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Commonwealth as the verdict winner, Teems, supra, we deem this evidence
sufficient to sustain Appellant’s conviction under Subsection 3802(a)(1).3
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 09/19/2018
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3 Appellant’s brief largely consists of arguments regarding whether Officer
Garcia or her partner had probable cause or reasonable suspicion to stop his
vehicle on the night in question. See, e.g., Appellant’s Brief at 9, 11-15.
However, because Appellant did not raise this issue in his Rule 1925(b)
statement, nor in his statement of the questions involved, it is waived. See
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(4)(vii) (“Issues not included in the Statement … are
waived.”); Pa.R.A.P. 2116(a) (“No question will be considered unless it is
stated in the statement of questions involved or is fairly suggested thereby.”).
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Com. v. Weller, R.
Combined Opinion