Daniels v. Newbold

Ladd, J.

1. Certiorary: election contests; quo warranto. This is not a contest for the office of weigh-master of Mt. Pleasant, hut a suit to remove or correct the record of such an election by the city council. The petition aver that either plaintiff or the party the record indicates was elected to be in possession of the office. In this situation it is difficult to discover plaintiff’s interest in the prosecution. Desmond v. McCarthy, 17 Iowa, 525. Were the latter in possession, proceedings in the nature of quo warranto would seem to be the appropriate remedy. State v. Board, etc., Jersey City, 48 N. J. Law, 428 (6 Atl. Rep. 23); State v. Inhabitants of Borough of Washington, 67 N. J. Law, 167 (50 Atl. Rep. 341); People v. Walter, 68 N. Y. 403; Atty. Gen., etc., v. Mayor, etc., Northampton, 143 Mass. 589 (10 N. E. Rep. 450); 6 Cyc. 758; section 4313, Code. And were plaintiff in possession of the office, and the council had adopted an order or resolution or taken other action which might unlawfully disturb him in its enjoyment or deprive him of its emoluments, there is a line of authorities saying that he may, by certiorari, have such order, resolution, or other action swept from his way. Bradshaw v. City Council of Camden, 39 N. J. Law, 416. But this may not be done merely to pave the way for a contest with another for the office. In State v. Chosen Freeholders of Camden Co., 47 N. J. Law, 454 (1 Atl. Rep. 515), it is said that such a suit is purely anticipatory, and ought not to determine the right to an office in the absence of one of the parties. In Simon v. Mayor, etc., of Hoboken, 52 N. J. Law, 367 (19 Atl. Rep. 259), the last ease was followed, and the doctrine that an acting official may assail a proceeding designed to elect his successor as unlawful by certiorari is repudiated, and the principle laid down that the incumbent has no ground for an action until he is ousted, and then he must resort to quo warranto. The court will not permit him to litigate in certiorari proceedings, to which his real adversary is not a party, the very question which can be effectually settled only on information in the nature of quo warranto. The principle is clearly stated in State v. Mayor, etc., of Millville, 53 N. J. Sup. 362 (21 Atl. Rep. 568) : “ Certiorari is an appropriate remedy to remove out of the way of a prosecutor in possession, and therefore presumably entitled to an office, an order, resolution, or other action adverse to his rights, which may be unlawfully used to disturb him in the possession and enjoyment of such office or its emolument. But when title to office is the avowed or real subject of controversy, then quo wnuramio is the exclusive legal remedy.” In other words, action by a city council in adopting orders, resolutions, or doing things in excess of its powers to the injury of an officeholder in that state may be investigated in certiorari proceedings. As plaintiff does not appear to have retained the office, the case is not within these decisions. If he is merely attempting to have the record of the council corrected in order to clear the way for contest with Chamberlain for the office, the principle of the above decisions is applicable. The doctrine that a determination of the right to the office cannot thus be forestalled in a proceeding by certiorari has our approval.

2. Quo WARRANTO appointment record. Against this it is argued that the record of the city council relating to the election is a verity, and would prove án insurmountable obstacle in the trial of the right to the office. Whether such a record, when collaterally assailed, should be regarded as conclusive, is matter concerning which the authorities are not in harmony. See 24 Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, 196. But quo wmranio is in the nature of a direct proceeding, in which the title to the office as evidenced by the record is- assailed, and the record of a city council should be esteemed as no more conclusive when thus attacked than the record of abstracts of votes cast for state and county officers kept by the county auditor and Secretary of State, when the title to a county or State office is put in issue. Undoubtedly such, a record, when kept as required by law, is prima facie evidence of tbe recitals therein; but, whether true in fact, is the very issue to be tried, and on this extrinsic evidence is admissible. State v. Alexander, 107 Iowa, 177.— Affirmed.