By the Court.
delivering the opinion.
The ay ill in this caso Ayas in the folloAying AYords: “Georgia, Upson County: In the name of God, amen ! I, Barbary Harrell, of the County and State aforesaid, do make and ordain this my last will and testament. I recommend my soul to Almighty God. As to my Avorldly substance, I dispose of the same as follows:
“Item: I give to Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell a negro woman named Huida, about sixteen years of age, and-her child Virgin.
“Item: I give to my grand-son, James Harrell, a negro - boy named Allen, five years of age.
“Item: I give to my grand-son, Augustus George W.Hodges, a negro boy named Ephraim, about three years of age.
“Item-; I give to Godfrey Kelly of Jefferson County, a negro fellow narúed Elijah, about twenty-five years old.
“ Item: I give to Abel Hodges a negro fellow named Asa,, about twenty years of age.
“ Item: I give to Benjamin Alford’s orphans, fifteen dollars.
“ Item: I give to Cullen Harp and Joseph B. Avon, each,, one dollar.
“Item : I give to Maria Thomas and her children, Henry Harrell, William Harrell, Nancy Thomas and Lucinda Thomas, and Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell, the lot of land I live on, viz: lot bio. 258, in the 10th district formerly Monroe, now Upson, containing two hundred two and a half acres, be the same more or less; all my horses, viz : five-head; all"my cows and calves, and yearlings; two yoke of oxen; all my sheep and hogs; also, all the corn, wheat, oats., and the crop that may be on hand at my death; also, all my household and kitchen furniture of every kind; all of which-said property named in this item I wish to be divided into two equal parts, and one half I wish Maria Thomas and her said children named in this item to have, and the other half I wish Said Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell to have.
“ Item : I give to Hardy H. Avon a negro girl, Matilda,
“ Item: I wish a boy Ellick, about eleven years old, to be sold, and the money arising from his sale to be divided between Maria Thomas and her children, named in the first item, Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell, Godfrey Kelly and Abel Hodges, to be divided into four parts — one part to go to said Maria and her children, another to Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell — another to Godfrey Kelly, and: the other to Abel Hodges.
“ Item: I wish my negro woman, Esther, to be sold; and' after taking the expenses of executing this will out of it, and" paying the cash heroin given, I give the balance of the money to my grand-son, James W. Harrell.
“ Item: I make James Harrell and Augustus George W. Hodges executors of this my last will and testament.
“ In witness whereof I have hereto set my hand and seal,, this first day of January, 1833.”
The codicil was in the following words: “ Georgia, Upson County : I, Barbary Harrell, of the county and State afore■said, do make and ordain the following, as a codicil to my last will and testament, to which this is annexed :
“Item: It is my will that the future increase of the negro woman, Ilet, named in the first item of my said will, shall belong and go to Maria Thomas, my daughter and her children, Henry Harrell, William Harrell, Nancy Thomas and Lucinda Thomas; and that the future increase of the negro woman, Huida, named in the second item of my said will, shall, belong and go to Andrew J. Harrell and John Harrell.”
This was dated the 6th of April, 1833.
It seems that a “ few months” before the death of the testatrix, the girl Matilda, bequeathed to Hardy H. Avon, had a child.
This child was the subject of the suit; and the question was, whether it passed with the mother to Hardy II. Avon, or remained a part of the estate of the testatrix, in inspect to which,she died intestate?
The charge of the Court was, that the child passed with. the mother to Hardy H. Avon, and the complaint to this Court is this charge.
Was this charge right ?
It seems to us to be apparent on the face of the will, that the testatrix intended, not to die intestate as to any property which she had or expected to have.
She bequeaths the land on which she lives; she bequeaths fiegroes, directing one to be sold, partly to raise a fund fpr paying the expenses of the administration of her estate ; she bequeathes money; she bequeathes two yoke of oxen, all ofher horses, all of her cows and calves and yearlings, all of her sheep, all of her hogs, all of her corn, wheat and oats — the crop that might be on hand at her death; she bequeahtos her household and kitchen furniture ; she cuts off Cullen Harp and Joseph B. Avon Avith a dollar each, and the orphans of Benj. Alford Avith fifteen dollars; and within a feAV months after the time of making these bequests, which seem to hayeexhausted all the-property Avhich she then had, she, by a codicil, disposes of the “ future issue” of tho two . child-bearing Avomen, which, it is probable, was all the additional property she expected ever to have. Does it admit of a doubt, that the testatrix, by all this, did not intend to dispose of rvhat■ever she had in possession, and whatever she had in oxpee-tancy ?
It was insisted for the defendant in error, that she did; and to prove the position, it was argued that she had disposed of the issue of the child-bearing women, by making each woman’s issue go with the mother to the donees of tho mother ; that in this, she must have been influenced by a sentiment of humanity towards these mothers and their offspring, and a sentiment of affection towards tho donees of the mothers — those donees being her descendants; that for the other female, Matilda, and for her issue, the testatrix must have felt the same sentiment of humanity ; and for the donee of Matilda, a grandson, the same sentiment of affection.? that, therefore, it must be inferred that she had as much intended the issue of Matilda to go with Matilda to that grand-son, as she had that the issue of the other two women’should go with those women to those her other descendants.
In support of this argument, the Counsel for the defendant referred to several cases which had been decided in South Carolina, viz : (Haynesworth vs. Cox, Harp Eq 116. Gayle vs. Cunningham, Id. 124. Ellis vs. Shell, 4 Eq. R.) And these cases are certainly in point, to show that in such a case as this, the issue goes with the mother.
[1.] Upon this argument and these authorities mainly, .if not entirely, this Court came to the conclusion, that in this case, the issue of Matilda went with its mother to Hardv II. Avon; and therefore, the Court affirmed tho decision of the Court below.
I concurred in that conclusion, but I am constrained to say that I now think the conclusion to have been a wrong one. After some reading and some reflection, I am compelled to admit, that I now think that tho testatrix did not intend to dispose of the issue of Matilda.
The precise truth of tho present case, I now take to be-this: The testatrix, when she made her will, including the
If this be the truth of the case, as I now think it is, we cannot make the issue of this child pass by the will, unless we add words to the will. But we are not at liberty to add words to a will.
Right d. Compton vs. Compton, was a case “where a testator, devised to his son, Thomas Compton, (his heir at law,) all his lands for life ; and he gave to his grandrson, Thomas Compton, after the death of his father, all the north side of his Down Farm, being about two hundred and fifty acres. He gave to his grand-daughter, Frances, all the south part, being about two hundred and forty acres. He gave to his grand-sons, George and Edmond and his grand-daughter, Elizabeth, the upper part of the Lain farm, being about two hundred acres, equally between them, as long as they should remain single, but if either of them should marry, then to have paid by the other tivo ¿610 a year, for his or her life: He gave to Edward and John, and his grand-daughters, 'Mary and Ann, all that lower part of the Lain farm, being about two hundred and forty acres, equally between them, as long as they should live single; but if either of them married, then
Several other cases are cited by Jarman, which are to same effect.
These cases, in my .opinion, speak the law; and therefore, they, I think, rather than the S. Carolina cases, ought to followcd.
And this is saying that I think we have decided this case-wrong. I certainly so think.