Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
CONCURRING OPINION
No. 04-12-00462-CV
Jose Luis PENA,
Appellant
v.
COUNTY OF
COUNTY OF STARR,
Appellee
From the County Court at Law, Starr County, Texas
Trial Court No. CC-08-135
Honorable Romero Molina, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Concurring Opinion by: Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Sitting: Karen Angelini, Justice
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Delivered and Filed: December 18, 2013
I write separately to point out a significant inequity in the application of the relation back
doctrine, which effectively nullifies the application of the statute of limitations with regard to a
cause of action under the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA). Pena, in the original petition filed
October 28, 2007, specifically declared that no federal claims were alleged:
V.
No Federal Claims Made
5.1 Plaintiff hereby gives notice that the only causes of action he intends
to litigate are those concerning rights afforded to him under the Texas Constitution,
the Texas Labor Code—specifically Section 451 of the Labor Code, under the
Concurring Opinion 04-12-00462-CV
Texas Commission on Human Rights Act (“TCHRA”), rights afforded to him by
the Texas Workforce Commission—Civil Rights Division and the Common Law
of the Sovereign State of Texas. The Plaintiff hereby affirmatively avers that
he has not alleged any federal cause of action.
(emphasis added).
Pena asserts his causes of action arise from Starr County’s wrongful termination of his
employment. The termination was effective August 18, 2006, and Pena received notice on
September 18, 2006, via a hand delivered letter. The statute of limitations for Pena’s claims would
normally run from this general time period. The statute of limitations under the Family Medical
Leave Act (FMLA), a federal statute, is two years except where willful violation is alleged, and
then it is three years. See 29 U.S.C.A. § 2617.
During oral argument, Pena’s attorney admitted the purpose of stating in the original
petition that no federal causes of action were alleged was to prevent removal to federal court. 1
Pena’s averment in his petition precluded, as Pena desired, removal to federal court.
Although Pena averred there were “no federal claims made” in the October 28, 2007
petition, he filed an amended petition on September 28, 2010, approximately three years after the
original petition was filed and four years after the 2006 cause of action arose, that included a
federal FMLA cause of action. Despite his prior statement in the original petition, Pena now
contends he can add new causes of action at any time, including those previously disavowed, based
on the relation back doctrine found in the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code:
If a filed pleading relates to a cause of action, cross action, counterclaim, or defense
that is not subject to a plea of limitation when the pleading is filed, a subsequent
amendment or supplement to the pleading that changes the facts or grounds of
liability or defense is not subject to a plea of limitation unless the amendment or
supplement is wholly based on a new, distinct, or different transaction or
occurrence.
1
According to Pena’s counsel, there are few state FMLA claims because most FMLA claims are removed to federal
court. Thus, most case law discussing the FMLA derives from federal court opinions.
-2-
Concurring Opinion 04-12-00462-CV
TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 16.068 (West 2008). Under the relation back doctrine, an
amended pleading relates back to the date of the original filing if the amended pleading adds a new
cause of action based on the same transaction or occurrence that forms the basis of the claim made
in the original pleading. See Bailey v. Univ. of Tex. Health Sci. Ctr. at San Antonio, 261 S.W.3d
147, 150 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2008), aff’d, 332 S.W.3d 395 (Tex. 2011); Bratcher v. Boeke,
207 S.W.3d 431, 434 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.).
Pena’s use of the relation back doctrine to assert claims he previously disavowed in order
to prevent removal to federal court smacks of gamesmanship and provides Pena with an unfair
advantage. Based on the disavowal, Pena is permitted to keep his case in state court, but is then
permitted years later to bypass the applicable statute of limitations using the relation back doctrine.
Thus, Pena gets it all: his suit remains in state court and he still is permitted to assert his federal
FMLA claims despite the applicable limitations period. Pena thwarts both the law relevant to
removal and the applicable statute of limitations. I cannot believe this was what the Texas
Legislature intended when it enacted the relation back doctrine.
In a case such as this, when a party affirmatively disavows a federal claim to avoid removal,
I do not believe he should be permitted to resurrect that claim via the relation back doctrine,
thwarting the application of the statute of limitations to his advantage and the opposing party’s
distinct disadvantage. Because the current law permits Pena’s actions, I concur, but I would urge
the Texas Legislature to address this inequity.
Marialyn Barnard, Justice
-3-
Jose Luis Pena v. County of Starr
Combined Opinion