[Cite as Kaur v. Singh, 2019-Ohio-3512.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
PARAMJOT KAUR, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 107774
v. :
RAJBINDER SINGH, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 29, 2019
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Domestic Relations Division
Case No. DR-04-302459
Appearances:
Edward M. Heindel, for appellant.
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J.:
Defendant-appellant Rajbinder Singh appeals from the trial court’s
order adopting the magistrate’s decision which granted plaintiff-appellee Paramjot
Kaur’s motion to modify the shared parenting plan. We affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
The marriage of Singh and Kaur was dissolved in 2005. At the time
of dissolution, the court designated Kaur as the residential parent and legal
custodian for their two minor children. Subsequently, Kaur moved out of state and,
following this move, Singh was designated the residential parent. Kaur filed a
motion to modify the shared parenting plan for the children based on a change in
circumstance.
A magistrate conducted a hearing on Kaur’s motion. At the hearing,
the court heard testimony from Singh and Kaur, as well as the children’s guardian
ad litem (“GAL”). The court accepted the GAL’s report and its attached exhibits into
evidence as well as exhibits offered by Kaur. Singh appeared at the hearing pro se
and failed to object to any of the issues that form the basis for his assignments of
error on appeal. 1
After the hearing, the magistrate issued a decision that contained an
analysis of the best interests of the children. The decision concluded that Kaur be
designated the residential parent and legal custodian of the children and that Singh,
as the nonresidential parent, “have parenting time according to the Court’s
Parenting Time Guidelines for Non-Residential Parent but only subject to the
1 We note that in general, pro se litigants are held to the same standard as all other
litigants. Pietrangelo v. Hudson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107344, 2019-Ohio-1988, ¶ 3.
Courts therefore operate under the presumption that a pro se litigant has knowledge of the
law as well as legal procedure and afford that person no special treatment. Loreta v.
Allstate Ins. Co., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97921, 2012-Ohio-3375, ¶ 7; see also Butcher v.
Stevens, 182 Ohio App.3d 77, 2009-Ohio-1754, 911 N.E.2d 928, ¶ 12 (4th Dist.) (“When
parties choose to represent themselves they are bound, just as attorneys are, by the rules of
evidence and civil procedure.”).
recommendation of the minor children’s counsel and voluntarily on the part of the
minor children * * *.”
Singh, through counsel, raised four objections with the trial court
challenging the magistrate’s decision. None of his objections challenged the
magistrate’s analysis of the best interests of the children or its ultimate conclusion
that Kaur’s motion should be granted. Instead, Singh only asserted four evidentiary
objections, arguing to the trial court that the magistrate erred by permitting Kaur to
present certain evidence despite the fact that he failed to object at the hearing. The
trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision in its entirety.
Singh now appeals from the trial court’s order adopting that decision.
Assignments of Error
On appeal, in his four assignments of error, Singh reasserts the same
complaints against the magistrate that the trial court dismissed:
1. The Magistrate erred in allowing leading questions to permeate the
direct examination of Kaur.
2. The Magistrate erred when she permitted inadmissible hearsay on
the direct examination of Kaur.
3. The Magistrate erred when she permitted opinion testimony of Kaur.
4. The Magistrate erred when she permitted medical diagnosis
testimony without certified medical records, or the testimony of the
medical provider.
Singh does not challenge the trial court’s order adopting the magistrate’s decision.
Law and Analysis
We review a trial court’s action with respect to a magistrate’s decision
for an abuse of discretion. Kapadia v. Kapadia, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94456,
2011-Ohio-2255, ¶ 7.
Because each of Singh’s assignments of error suffers from the same
fatal infirmity, we address and dispose of them together. None of Singh’s
assignments of error address the matter within the scope of our review, namely,
whether the trial court abused its discretion by adopting the magistrate’s decision.
As articulated, his assignments of error merely challenge the
magistrate’s conduct based on objections that he did not make. Singh does not
address whether or how the trial court committed error and he fails to articulate any
basis by which we may conclude that it did.
Moreover, we further note that although Singh did provide some
citation to legal authority and general propositions of law in his brief, he
nevertheless omitted any analysis to link that authority to the facts of this case.
Instead, he simply concluded that the trial court erred without offering any analysis
with which we could agree. See App.R. 16(A)(7).
We overrule Singh’s four assignments of error.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment
into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
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EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
KATHLEEN A. KEOUGH, J., CONCUR