[Cite as Laveer v. Laveer, 2013-Ohio-3294.]
COURT OF APPEALS
DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SUSAN L. LAVEER : JUDGES:
:
: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney
: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
:
-vs- :
:
RICHARD L. LAVEER : Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086
:
:
Defendant - Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Delaware County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic
Relations Divison Case No. 09-DRA-
11-535
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: July 25, 2013
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
EDWARD F. WHIPPS CHRISTOPHER L. TROLINGER
JESSICA M. WOOD CHELSEA L. BERGER
Edward F. Whipps and Associates Farlow & Associates, LLC
500 South Front Street, Ste 860 270 Bradenton Ave., Ste 100
Columbus, OH 43215 Columbus, OH 43215
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Richard LaVeer appeals from the November 6, 2012
Judgment Entry of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations
Division.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} Appellant Richard LaVeer and appellee Susan LaVeer were married on
April 24, 1993. Two children were born as issue of such marriage, namely, Chase (DOB
9/20/95) and Brooke (DOB 10/9/98). Brooke is a Castle child and has significant
medical issues. She requires a gastronomy tube, is wheelchair bound and requires
cauterization and has seizures, among other medical issues.
{¶3} On November 6, 2009, appellee filed a complaint for divorce against
appellant. Appellant filed an answer and counterclaim on December 11, 2009. A trial
before a Magistrate was held in July of 2010 and a Magistrate’s Decision was issued on
August 2, 2010. The Magistrate, in his Decision, found that appellant had earned
$244,293.00 in 2005, $377,099.00 in 2006, $346,867.00 in 2007, $243,372.00 in 2008
and $293,561.00 in 2009 while he was employed by American Family Insurance and
that he was currently receiving unemployment compensation of $503.00 a week.
Neither party filed objections to the same.
{¶4} Pursuant to a Judgment Entry Decree of Divorce filed on September 14,
2010, the trial court found that there was no error of law or other defect on the face of
the Magistrate’s Decision. The trial court designated appellee residential parent and
legal custodian of the children and ordered appellant to pay the entire cost of Chase’s
extracurricular activities associated with school. In addition, the trial court ordered that
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 3
the parties’ marital home be sold and that, effective, August 1, 2010, appellant pay the
following in lieu of spousal support: (1) first mortgage, taxes and insurance, (2) second
mortgage, (3) electric, (4) gas, (5) water, (6) lawn care, (7) home maintenance, (8) car
insurance/umbrella, (9) car maintenance and (10) telephone cable internet. These
items totaled $4,234.60. The trial court, in the Decree, ordered that upon the sale of the
residence, spousal support would be $2,000.00 a month subject to review upon
appellant’s “return to employment”. The trial court ordered, in part, that spousal support
would terminate if appellee cohabitated with a non-related adult male and retained
jurisdiction over spousal support. A Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment Entry Decree of Divorce
was filed on November 19, 2010 to correct the amount of child support that appellant
was ordered to pay. No appeal was taken.
{¶5} On March 25, 2011, appellant filed a Combined Motion Pursuant to Civil
Rule 60(B) for Relief from Judgment and Motion to Modify Spousal Support and Terms
as Related to Obligations of the Parties Regarding the Real Estate. Appellant, in his
motion, alleged that appellee was cohabitating with an unrelated male. Appellant
specifically alleged that appellee had been residing in the marital home with Marc Carr
since September of 2010 and that she had falsely testified at the time of the final
hearing that she was not in a relationship with anyone. Appellant also argued that the
second mortgage’s balloon payment of $57,133.93 became due and payable on April 1,
2011, that he did not have the financial ability to pay the same and that the only source
of funds was his retirement account, which was split equally with appellee. Appellant
also argued that he had been unemployed for a prolonged period of time, was
employed at a substantially lower salary and had become unemployed again.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 4
{¶6} Appellee, on June 7, 2011, filed a Motion for Order to Show Cause.
Appellee, in her motion, alleged that appellant had failed to reimburse her for amounts
she paid for car insurance, car maintenance and home repairs and that these added up
to $1,991.43. She further alleged that appellant failed to reimburse her $300.00 for
Chase’s football fees. Appellee argued that appellant owed her a total of $2,291.43 for
all of these expenses.
{¶7} A hearing before a Magistrate commenced on August 19, 2011. At the
hearing, appellant testified that he became employed on May 1, 2011 by Allstate
Insurance. Since May of 2011, he had earned $11,313.11 in commissions, but had to
pay a one time $8,000.00 training fee. Appellant was working as an independent
contractor on a 100% commission basis. Appellant previously had been employed from
November 15, 2010 through January 24, 2011 by Wells Fargo at a base salary of
$28.85 per hour, which amounts to $60,000.00 a year based on a 40 hour work week,
plus commissions. However, his pay stubs show an average of $51,345.00. During the
period of time from January 24, 2011 until May 1, 2011, he was unemployed. Appellant
also testified that the marital home was going to be sold for $427,500.00 and that he
paid off the second mortgage on the house by withdrawing money from his IRA. He
testified that he negotiated a payoff of $46,000.00.
{¶8} Appellant testified that his 2010 tax return showed that he made
$53,844.00 between his payment from Wells Fargo for November and December and
unemployment. In addition, he had a $40,000.00 withdrawal from his IRA. Appellant’s
adjusted gross income, as shown on his 2010 tax return, was $103,855.00. Appellant
testified that between the upkeep of his own residence and the martial residence, his
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 5
total outflow every month was approximately $8,000.00 month and that he was about
$7,000.00 in the hole each month. He testified that he made up the difference by
withdrawing money from his IRA.
{¶9} Appellant was questioned about Marc Carr, who he alleged was
cohabitating with appellee. He testified that Carr was a friend of theirs and that he
became suspicious of the relationship between Carr and appellee in the fall of 2008.
Appellant indicated that he had discovered phone calls between the two in the spring of
2009. According to appellant, the relationship between Carr and appellee was going on
while the divorce was pending, but was not out in the open. When asked, he testified
that the relationship became in the open right after the divorce and that he saw Carr at
the house many times. Appellant testified that he heard the two having sex when he
went over to the former marital home to get a coat and that Carr was often present at
the house when appellant would come by to visit with the children.
{¶10} Appellant testified that he believed that Carr had moved into the house
and was staying overnight. He indicated that Carr kept personal belongings there
including shoes, clothing, a toothbrush, hair putty and a shaving kit. According to
appellant, Carr’s truck was constantly parked outside appellee's residence and was in
the driveway many days in a row. He further testified that while Carr was occupying the
former marital house, he was paying the utilities and the mortgage. Appellant further
testified that appellee would sometimes take Carr to work and that Chase told him that
Carr lived there. Appellant was unaware if Carr owned his own residence and testified
that he had seen Carr at the new residence that appellee had purchased and closed on
in May or June of 2011.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 6
{¶11} Appellant testified that Brooke received 54 hours a week of nursing care
and also went to school from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. during the school year. She is
taken to school either on the school bus or by appellee. Appellant testified that appellee
never went to college and had only worked early on during their marriage. Since Brooke
was born, appellee has not worked, although appellant testified that he believed that
she had the time and ability to do so.
{¶12} On cross-examination, appellant testified that subsequent to the Divorce
Decree, appellee provided him with a bill for $300.00 so that their son could play
football. Appellant testified that appellee paid such bill prior to the Magistrate’s Decision,
that he knew that appellee paid such bill on August 3, 2010 and that the trial court’s
decision was made effective on August 1, 2010. Appellant claimed that appellee never
gave him the $300.00 bill until she filed her motion and that he was not going to give
appellee the money because she was cohabitating. He also admitted that appellee had
submitted to him $1,719.79 in car insurance and maintenance bills and that he had not
paid any of them. According to appellant, appellee took the vehicle to a shop owned by
a close friend of Carr’s. Appellant claimed that the van’s tires were replaced
unnecessarily, but agreed that he had never mentioned the tires until the time of the
hearing and did not investigate whether or not the tires were needed. Appellant agreed
that he refused to pay a $271.64 bill for repair to a refrigerator because it was not home
maintenance. Appellant further testified that it was his goal to make $120,000.00 a year
with Allstate and that he had been terminated from his previous job with American
Family Insurance, where he earned between $230,000.00 and over $300,000.00 a year,
for inappropriate business conduct. At the time of the hearing, appellant was looking for
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 7
a new job. Appellant also testified that the week after he left Wells Fargo, he traveled to
Dallas, Texas to go to the Super Bowl, but did not attend the game.
{¶13} Appellant agreed that he had paid a private investigative firm to conduct
surveillance of appellee to determine if she was cohabitating with Marc Carr. He
testified that there were times when they found Carr’s vehicle at appellee's residence
and times when they did not. He admitted that there was one time when they found
Car’s vehicle at Carr’s home and times when he did not see Carr’s truck when he drove
by appellee’s home.
{¶14} Jeanne Kanable, the private investigator hired by appellant, testified. Her
affidavit, which was Exhibit 37, was a direct summary of what she testified that she had
witnessed. In her affidavit, she stated as follows:
1. The white 2006 Dodge Ram Extended Cab Pick-up Truck bearing Ohio License
plate [EOF 4960] registered to Marc A. Carr was observed at the former marital
residence of 10203 Sage Creek Drive, Galena, Ohio 43021 on the following
dates: Thursday, February 3, 2011 at 7:23 a.m.; Saturday, February 5, 2011 at
8:47 a.m.; Tuesday, February 15, 2011 at 8:00 a.m.; Wednesday, February 16,
2011 at 7:40 a.m.; Thursday February 17, 2011 at 6:18 a.m. & Sunday, February
20, 2011 at 6:12 p.m.
2. Susan LaVeer was observed returning to the former marital residence on
Sunday, February 6, 2011 in Marc Carr’s Dodge Ram Pick-up Truck at 7:36 a.m.;
Susan LaVeer was observed driving Marc Carr in his Dodge Ram to his place of
employment at JPMorgan Chase Bank at 1111 Polaris Parkway, Columbus, Ohio
43035 on Monday, February 14, 2011 at 6:53 p.m.; Susan Laveer was observed
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 8
picking up Marc Carr at his place of employment on Tuesday, February 15, 2011
at (sic) returning to the former marital residence with Marc Carr at 7:34 a.m.;
Susan LaVeer was observed driving Marc Carr in his Dodge Ram to his place of
employment on Tuesday, February 15, 2011 at 6:38 p.m.; Susan LaVeer was
observed picking up Marc Carr at his place of employment in his Dodge Ram on
Wednesday, February 16, 2011 at 7:15 a.m. and driving back to the former marital
residence.
{¶15} She testified that she conducted her surveillance from January 18, 2011
through February 20th of 2011.
{¶16} On cross-examination, Kanable testified that she did not see Carr or his
truck anywhere in the area on January 18, 2011 and that there was no evidence that he
was living with appellee on such date. The next day, she located his truck at his address
and it appeared that the truck had been parked there all night. On February 3, 2011,
she also located his truck at his address on Talia Court and also found appellee alone
on such date. Kanable agreed that on February 3, 2011, she found no evidence that
they were living together. On February 4, 2011, Carr’s truck was at his address on Talia
Court most of the day and, on February 5, 2011, Kanable could not find his truck either
at the Talia Court address or at appellee’s house. She further testified that early on
February 6th, she did not find any evidence that Carr was at appellee's house, but saw
appellee returning to the former marital residence at 7:36 a.m. driving his truck. She did
not see Carr.
{¶17} On February 14, 2011, Kanable saw appellee driving Carr’s truck to
Chase Bank with Carr in the passenger seat. Kanable testified that appellee was driving
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 9
him to work. On February 15, 2011, she saw appellee driving the truck alone and, at
6:16 p.m., saw that there was no truck at appellee’s house. Carr’s truck was at his
place of work. Later on February 15th, Kanable saw appellee and Carr at a gas station
near Chase Bank. Appellee then dropped Carr back off at Chase Bank and took the
truck home alone. Kanable testified that on February 16, 2011, she saw appellee drive
Carr to work and then leave alone at 7:34 a.m. and drive to her home. She testified that
on February 17, 2011, she saw Carr’s truck leaving Chase Bank. Both Carr and
appellee were in the truck and appellee was driving. According to Kanable, on February
19, 2011, she located Carr’s truck at his address and, on February 20, 2011, she did not
see either appellee or Carr.
{¶18} On redirect, Kanable testified that on February 3, 2011, appellant was at
appellee’s house visiting their children. She testified that she was told that appellee and
Carr left when appellant arrived to visit the children and that they often stayed at Carr’s
house together. She also testified that on February 19, 2011, she located Carr’s truck at
his own address because it was appellant’s weekend with the children and appellant
stayed in the former marital home. According to Kanable, on February 15, 2011, Carr’s
truck was not seen at appellee’s house because appellant was visiting with the children.
She testified that she saw the truck later and that appellee was driving and dropping
Carr off at work. She testified that she concluded that Carr stayed at appellee’s house
except for the days when appellant visited with the children and that when appellant
was visiting, appellee stayed with Carr at Carr’s residence.
{¶19} On recross, Kanable agreed that over a roughly one month period of time,
she only saw appellee and Carr together on two occasions and saw Carr at appellee’s
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 10
residence one time. She testified that she saw Carr’s truck at his own address on the
weekends and that when she saw the truck at appellee’s house during the week,
appellee was driving.
{¶20} Appellee testified as if on cross-examination. She testified that Carr was
her boyfriend and that she had been seeing him since approximately the end of 2010
after the divorce. She denied seeing, dating or having sexual relations with Carr prior to
the divorce and testified that during that time, he was just a friend. She testified that
Carr’s shoes were in her garage and that his toothbrush, body spray, hair putty and
clothing were in her house. Appellee also testified that Carr’s son’s bikes were in her
garage and that Carr’s tool chest was also there because he was helping her fix up her
new house. Appellee indicated that she did not earn any money in 2010 and did not
receive any spousal support during 2010. She stated that she had cashed out her
retirement account.
{¶21} Appellee testified that she had moved into her new home three days
before the hearing and that Carr lived on Talia Court with a friend rent-free by helping
his friend out. She testified that Carr generally worked 12 hour nights from 7:00 p.m. to
7:00 a.m. and that when she was living in the marital home, Carr slept at her house
during the day and sometimes at night. When asked how many days he slept over
during a week, she indicated that there were weeks when he was not there at all and
times he was there at least three nights or sometimes four. Sometimes Carr was there
during the day and not at night. Appellee testified that he had been over more recently
because he was helping her with her new home. She indicated that he probably was
staying over five days a week, but just until she got the toilet and sink in her house.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 11
{¶22} Appellee testified that she occasionally drove Carr to work and that she
was not paying him to work on her new house or for any of the renovations. According
to appellee, Carr paid her cell phone bill because he got a discount through Chase and
did not buy groceries or eat over very often at her house. At times, Carr’s children had
stayed at the former marital home. Appellee further testified that Carr paid for food
when they were dining out about half the time and that she sometimes stayed at Carr’s
residence when appellant was with the children.
{¶23} Appellee also testified that appellant, after the divorce, had been paying
her household expenses in lieu of support. She stated that he was not responsible for
her health insurance and that she was paying for food for herself and the children and
gas for the van. Appellant, according to appellee, refused to pay for her car insurance
and van repairs and also for repairs to the refrigerator. She stated that Carr was not
living with her and had his own place and that chances were that he had never spent a
full week with her. She further testified that he had lost his ability to drive due to an OVI
and that she sometimes drove him to work. Appellee indicated that at the present time,
she drove Carr to work the majority of the time because he was helping her fix up her
house. She occasionally drove Carr’s truck. Appellee further testified that a lot of Carr’s
personal belongings, mainly clothing, were at her house because he had helped her
move and was helping her with the house. Carr and appellee do not have a joint
account and she testified that he had not paid her any money or transferred any money
to her.
{¶24} At the hearing, Carr testified that he had stayed overnight with appellee at
both her new and previous residences. He testified that he worked nights and usually
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 12
slept during the day and that the number of days he slept over at appellee’s residence
varied. Carr indicated that he did not become romantically involved with appellee until
after her divorce and that prior to that time, he was friends with the parties and was
married himself. According to Carr, he spent a couple of days on average at appellee’s
residence and did not spend more than 50% of his time there. He stated that he paid
her cell phone bill and for dinners when they went out about half the time and that he
had stayed at a hotel with appellee a couple of times. Carr, when asked, stated that
appellee did not pay anything for him or pay him for working on her new residence and
that he had not purchased any items for her house. He testified that he stayed at his
apartment rent-free in exchange for helping his roommate with his general contracting
business. Carr stated that he did not have any bank or other accounts with appellee
and did not have any credit cards jointly with her. While he has clothing at appellee’s
house, he testified that he generally takes the clothing home with him when he leaves
and that he had not spent more than two or three days with appellee other than the last
week or so when he was helping her move. According to Carr, nurses who take care of
Brooke had called off and appellee had to handle the moving and taking care of Brooke
at the same time.
{¶25} On redirect, Carr admitted that he left his toothbrush and hair gel at
appellee’s house. He testified that he paid for airline tickets when appellee’s family
came from Arizona, but that he was paid back.
{¶26} Appellee also testified on direct examination, She testified that Brooke’s
nurse had called off and did not show up for a week and that she was either taking
Brooke to the doctor, having to fill her prescriptions, or talking about her surgeries with
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 13
doctors. Appellee denied that Carr lived with her and agreed that, on average, he spent
two days a week with her but sometimes less. She testified that appellant had not paid
any of the bills to date, including the bill for new tires on her van. She stated that she did
not have any bank accounts or credit cards with Carr and, with the exception of her cell
phone bill, did not receive any financial assistance from him. She also testified that Carr
received his mail at either his Talia Court address or his new address and never at her
home. She stated that she was not in a relationship with anyone at the time of the
divorce.
{¶27} The Magistrate, pursuant to a Decision filed on October 26, 2011,
recommended that appellant’s Civil Rule 60(B) motion be dismissed, that the motion to
terminate spousal support be denied, and that appellant be found to owe appellee
$3,901.73 for non-payment of car insurance, auto maintenance, house repairs and
Chases’s extracurricular activities. Appellant filed objections to the same. Pursuant to
a Judgment Entry filed on November 6, 2012, the trial court, with the exception of an
objection relating to child support, overruled the objections. The trial court dismissed
appellant’s 60(B) motion, denied appellant’s motion to terminate spousal support and
held that appellant owed appellee $3,901.73 for non-payment of car insurance, auto
maintenance, house repairs and Chases’s extracurricular expenses.
{¶28} Appellant now raises the following assignments of error on appeal:
{¶29} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DETERMINING THAT THERE WAS NO
FINANICIAL ASSISTANCE TO ESTABLISH COHABITATION.
{¶30} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FAILING TO
TERMINATE SPOUSAL SUPPORT ON THE GROUNDS OF COHABITATION.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 14
{¶31} BASED ON THE TOTALITY OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES THE TRIAL
COURT’S FAILURE TO MODIFY SPOUSAL SUPPORT WAS AN ABUSE OF
DISCRETION.
{¶32} THE TRIAL COURT’S FAILURE TO MODIFY THE INTERIM
OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES AS THEY RELATE TO THE REAL ESTATE WAS
AN ABUSE OF DISCRETION.
{¶33} THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ORDERING
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT TO PAY PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE $3,901.73.
{¶34} THE TRIAL COURT IN RULING ON OBJECTIONS ABUSED ITS
DISCRETION BY FAILING TO CONDUCT A HEARING PRIOR TO DENYING AND
DISMISSING DEFENDANT-APPELLANT’S MOTIONS.
I, II
{¶35} Appellant, in his first assignment of error, argues that the trial court erred
in determining that there was no financial assistance to establish cohabitation. In his
second assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion in
failing to terminate spousal support on the grounds of cohabitation.
{¶36} Within the context of a divorce decree, “‘cohabitation’ contemplates a
relationship that approximates, or is the functional equivalent of, a marriage.” Keeley v.
Keeley, 12th Dist. Nos. CA1999–07–075, CA1999–08–080, 2000 WL 431362, 1 (Apr.
17, 2000), citing Piscione v. Piscione, 85 Ohio App.3d 273, 275, 619 N.E.2d 1030 (9th
Dist.1992). In determining whether cohabitation exists, we note the holding in Moell v.
Moell, 98 Ohio App.3d 748, 752, 649 N.E.2d 880 (6th Dist.1994):
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 15
{¶37} “Many factors may be considered in deciding whether cohabitation exists
in a particular set of facts. We previously addressed the issue of cohabitation in
Dickerson v. Dickerson, supra. In that case, we noted that ‘cohabitation’ describes an
issue of lifestyle, not a housing arrangement. Dickerson, supra, 87 Ohio App.3d at 850,
623 N.E.2d at 2391. Further, when considering the evidence, the trial court should look
to three principal factors. These factors are ‘(1) an actual living together; (2) of a
sustained duration; and (3) with shared expenses with respect to financing and day-to-
day incidental expenses.’ Id. at fn. 2, citing Birthelmer v. Birthelmer (July 15, 1983),
Lucas App. No.L83–046, 1983 WL 6869. “
{¶38} In reviewing a case involving domestic violence, the Ohio Supreme Court
set forth two primary factors to consider in determining cohabitation:
{¶39} “Having considered the above definitions of ‘cohabitant’ and ‘family or
household member’ we conclude that the essential elements of ‘cohabitation’ are (1)
sharing of familial or financial responsibilities and (2) consortium. R.C. 2919.25(E)(2)
and related statutes. Possible factors establishing shared familial or financial
responsibilities might include provisions for shelter, food, clothing, utilities, and/or
commingled assets. Factors that might establish consortium include mutual respect,
fidelity, affection, society, cooperation, solace, comfort, aid of each other, friendship,
and conjugal relations. These factors are unique to each case and how much weight, if
any, to give to each of these factors must be decided on a case-by-case basis by the
trier of fact.” State v. Williams, 79 Ohio St.3d 459, 465, 683 N.E.2d 1126 (1997).
1
The complete citation is Dickerson v. Dickerson, 87 Ohio App.3d 848, 623 N.E.2d 237 (6th Dist. 1993).
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 16
{¶40} This Court examined “whether or not a particular living arrangement rises
to the level of a * * * ‘cohabitation’ “ in Yarnell v. Yarnell, 5th Dist No. 05CAF0064,
2006–Ohio–3929. We stated that “cohabitation” is a factual question to be initially
determined by the trial court. Yarnell, supra, at paragraph 43, citing Dickerson v.
Dickerson, 87 Ohio App.3d 848, 851, 623 N.E.2d 237 (6th Dist.1993). A finding as to
cohabitation that is supported by some competent, credible evidence will not be
reversed by a reviewing court as against the manifest weight of the evidence. C.E.
Morris Co. v. Foley Construction Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). A
reviewing court must not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court where there
exists some competent and credible evidence supporting the judgment rendered by the
trial court. Myers v. Garson, 66 Ohio St.3d 610, 614 N.E.2d 742 (1993). In determining
whether competent and credible evidence exists, “[a] reviewing court should be guided
by a presumption that the findings of a trial court are correct, since the trial judge is best
able to view the witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections,
and use those observations in weighing the credibility of the testimony.” Bey v. Bey, 3rd
Dist. No. 10–08–12, 2009–Ohio–300, ¶ 15, quoting Barkley v. Barkley, 119 Ohio App.3d
155, 159, 694 N.E.2d 989 (4th Dist.1997).
{¶41} In the case sub judice, we find that the trial court did not err in determining
that there was no financial assistance to establish cohabitation and did not abuse its
discretion in failing to terminate spousal support on the grounds of cohabitation. The
trial court, as trier of fact, was in the best position to assess the credibility of the
witnesses at the hearing. There was no definitive evidence that appellee and Carr were
living together for a sustained or other duration. As is stated above, Kanable, the private
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 17
investigator, agreed that over a roughly one month period of time, she only saw
appellee and Carr together on two occasions and saw Carr at appellee’s residence one
time. Both appellee and Carr did not deny that Carr sometimes spent the night at
appellee’s house and that, during her recent move, had spent even more time there in
order to assist appellee with remodeling.
{¶42} Moreover, we concur with the trial curt that there was no evidence of
financial assistance to establish cohabitation. Carr testified that he did not purchase any
items for appellee’s new home. Both also testified that Carr maintained a separate
residence and that Carr did not receive mail at appellee’s home. Moreover, there is a
lack of evidence that appellee and Carr shared expenses with respect to financing and
day-to-day incidental expenses. Appellee testified that she did not pay any of Carr’s
bills. The only bill that Carr pays for appellee is her cell phone bill. He testified that he
did so because he was able to add appellee to his cell phone plan for $10.00 a month,
saving appellee considerable money. Both testified that they did not have any joint
bank accounts, credit accounts or other accounts, with the exception of the cell phone
account, and that they took turns paying for meals when dining out.
{¶43} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s first and second assignments of error
are overruled.
III
{¶44} Appellant, in his third assignment of error, argues that the trial court
abused its discretion in failing to modify spousal support. We disagree.
{¶45} The modification of spousal support lies in the trial court's sound
discretion. Booth v. Booth , 44 Ohio St.3d 142, 541 N.E.2d 1028 (1989). An abuse of
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 18
discretion indicates that the court's decision was arbitrary, unconscionable, or
unreasonable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140
(1983). “Consequently, when applying this standard, an appellate court is not free to
substitute its judgment for that of the trial judge.” Berk v. Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161,
169, 559 N.E.2d 1301 (1990).
{¶46} “[A] trial court lacks jurisdiction to modify a prior order of spousal support
unless the decree of the court expressly reserved jurisdiction to make the modification
and unless the court finds (1) that a substantial change in circumstances has occurred
and (2) that the change was not contemplated at the time of the original decree.”
Mandelbaum v. Mandelbaum, 121 Ohio St.3d 433, 2009-Ohio-1222, 905 N.E.2d 172, ¶
33.“[A] change in the circumstances of a party includes, but is not limited to, any
increase or involuntary decrease in the party's wages, salary, bonuses, living expenses,
or medical expenses.” R.C. 3105.18(F).
{¶47} R.C. 3105.18 governs spousal support. Subsection (C)(1) states the
following:
{¶48} “In determining whether spousal support is appropriate and reasonable,
and in determining the nature, amount, and terms of payment, and duration of spousal
support, which is payable either in gross or in installments, the court shall consider all of
the following factors:
“(a) The income of the parties, from all sources, including, but not limited
to, income derived from property divided, disbursed, or distributed under
section 3105.171 of the Revised Code;
“(b) The relative earning abilities of the parties;
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 19
“(c) The ages and the physical, mental, and emotional conditions of the
parties;
“(d) The retirement benefits of the parties;
“(e) The duration of the marriage;
“(f) The extent to which it would be inappropriate for a party, because that
party will be custodian of a minor child of the marriage, to seek
employment outside the home;
“(g) The standard of living of the parties established during the marriage;
“(h) The relative extent of education of the parties;
“(i) The relative assets and liabilities of the parties, including but not limited
to any court-ordered payments by the parties;
“(j) The contribution of each party to the education, training, or earning
ability of the other party, including, but not limited to, any party's
contribution to the acquisition of a professional degree of the other party;
“(k) The time and expense necessary for the spouse who is seeking
spousal support to acquire education, training, or job experience so that the
spouse will be qualified to obtain appropriate employment, provided the
education, training, or job experience, and employment is, in fact, sought;
“(l) The tax consequences, for each party, of an award of spousal support;
“(m) The lost income production capacity of either party that resulted from
that party's marital responsibilities;
“(n) Any other factor that the court expressly finds to be relevant and
equitable.”
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 20
{¶49} Appellant, in support of his argument, argues that his return to work and
appellee’s cohabitation with Carr were substantial changes in circumstances warranting
a modification of spousal support. He further argues that the marital home was sold with
minor proceeds, forcing him to pay off the second mortgage with his retirement account.
Appellant also contends that the trial court found a substantial change in circumstances
warranting a modification of child support and that appellee had sufficient time to work.
{¶50} As is discussed above, we find that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion in finding no cohabitation. We further find that the trial court did not err in
declining to reduce appellant’s spousal support obligation under the totality of the
circumstances.
{¶51} At the time of the divorce decree, appellant was unemployed. Previously,
between 2005 and 2009, appellant’s salary had ranged from approximately $243,000.00
to over $300,000.00. In 2010, appellant’s employment was terminated for
inappropriate business conduct. In the Decree, the court imputed $150,000.00 in
income to appellant for purposes of computing child support.
{¶52} At the hearing on appellant’s request for modification of child support,
appellant testified that, in November of 2010, he was employed by Wells Fargo at a
base salary of $60,000.00 a year plus commissions. His employment with Wells Fargo
was terminated on January 25, 2011 and, on May 1, 2011, he became employed by
Allstate Life Insurance as an independent contractor. Appellant was paid on commission
and, at the hearing on his motions, testified that his goal was to earn $120,000.00 a
year. Based on such information, the trial court, in computing child support, imputed
income to appellant in the amount of $60,000.00 a year and reduced appellant’s child
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 21
support obligation from $1,830.92 per month to $730.54 per month, effective May 1,
2011.
{¶53} While appellant argues that because the trial court found that appellant’s
income was now $60,000.00 and reduced child support accordingly, it should have
done so with respect to spousal support, we disagree. Appellant, in the Decree, in lieu
of spousal support, was ordered to pay the two mortgages, the utilities and household
expenses that totaled $4,234.60 a month. Once the marital home was sold, he was
ordered to pay $2,000.00 a month in spousal support. Thus, his obligation has already
been reduced. Moreover, appellant lost his high paying job with American Family
Insurance in 2009 due to inappropriate business conduct. In addition, his 2010 tax
return shows that his adjusted gross income was $103,855.00.
{¶54} Moreover, because of the multitude of problems with Brooke, appellee,
who does not have a college degree and has not worked since Brooke’s birth, is unable
to work. Appellee testified that while she had nursing assistance, the nurses were not
reliable. At the hearing, appellee testified that Brooke’s nurse called off and did not
show up for a week and that Brooke needed surgery to treat her scoliosis. The situation
with Brooke has not changed since the time of the Decree. As noted by appellee, “due
to Brooke’s long list of medical complications and upcoming surgeries,…even if nursing
were reliable and school year round, Brooke’s medical concerns would all too often
require [appellee] to keep Brook (sic) home from school to attend surgery or doctor’s
appointments with her.”
{¶55} Finally, while appellant argues that his spousal support should be modified
because the marital home was sold with minor proceeds remaining and he was forced
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 22
to pay the home’s second mortgage out of his half of his retirement account, we note
that, in the Decree, appellant was ordered to be responsible for any deficiency after the
marital home was sold. Appellant did not appeal from the Decree.
{¶56} Appellant’s third assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
IV
{¶57} Appellant, in his fourth assignment of error, argues that the trial court
erred in dismissing his motion from relief from judgment pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B).
{¶58} Civ.R. 60 states:
{¶59} (B) Mistakes; inadvertence; excusable neglect; newly discovered
evidence; fraud; etc.
{¶60} On motion and upon such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party
or his legal representative from a final judgment, order or proceeding for the following
reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered
evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a
new trial under Rule 59(B); (3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or
extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party; (4) the judgment
has been satisfied, released or discharged, or a prior judgment upon which it is based
has been reversed or otherwise vacated, or it is no longer equitable that the judgment
should have prospective application; or (5) any other reason justifying relief from the
judgment. The motion shall be made within a reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2)
and (3) not more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding was entered or
taken. A motion under this subdivision (B) does not affect the finality of a judgment or
suspend its operation.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 23
{¶61} In order to prevail on a motion for relief from judgment pursuant to Civ.R.
60(B), the movant must demonstrate: (1) a meritorious claim or defense; (2) entitlement
to relief under one of the grounds stated in Civ.R. 60(B)(1) through (5); and (3)
timeliness of the motion. GTE Automatic Electric v. ARC Industries, 47 Ohio St.2d 146,
351 N.E.2d 113 (1976), paragraph two of the syllabus. If any of these three
requirements is not met, the motion must be overruled. Svoboda v. Brunswick, 6 Ohio
St.3d 348, 351, 406, 453 N.E.2d 648 (1983).
{¶62} The decision to grant or deny a Civ.R. 60(B) motion lies within the sound
discretion of the trial court and will not be reversed on appeal absent an abuse of
discretion. Strack v. Pelton, 70 Ohio St.3d 172, 174, 637 N.E.2d 914 (1994). The term
“abuse of discretion” implies that the court's attitude was unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140
(1983).
{¶63} Appellant, in his motion, alleged that he was entitled to relief from
judgment because appellee committed fraud and misrepresentation on the trial court.
Appellant contends that appellee intended to move Marc Carr into the home at the time
of the parties’ divorce, but failed to disclose this to the trial court. Appellant, in his brief,
notes that at the hearing, he testified that he had phone records showing that there was
phone contact between the two and also that the two “would hang out just with each
other rather than with all of us as couples…” Transcript at 38.
{¶64} However, even if what appellant claims is true, it fails short of
demonstrating that appellee, prior to the divorce, intended to move Carr into the family
home and misled the court. There is no evidence supporting appellant’s assertion and,
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 24
as is stated above, the trial court did not err in finding that there was no cohabitation. On
such basis, we find that the trial court did not err in dismissing appellant’s 60(B) motion.
The trial court’s decision was not arbitrary, unconscionable or unreasonable.
{¶65} Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
V
{¶66} Appellant, in his fifth assignment of error, argues that the trial court’s
failure to modify the interim obligations of the parties as they relate to the real estate
was an abuse of discretion.
{¶67} Appellant argues that the trial court should have modified its order
requiring him to pay both mortgages and the utilities in lieu of spousal support because
appellee allowed Marc Carr, her “paramour”, to live with her and thus benefit from
appellant’s payment of the same. Appellant also argues that Carr provided financial
support to appellee. Appellant also argues that he had to pay his responsibilities under
the interim order using his retirement income because of his low income.
{¶68} However, as is stated above, we find that the trial court did not err in
finding that there was no cohabitation between Carr and appellee. Moreover, as noted
by appellee, appellant provided no proof that he used his retirement income. Finally, as
noted by appellee, the Divorce Decree provided that any proceeds from the sale of the
marital residence, after the costs of the sale and the debts were paid, would be paid to
appellant, including any deficiency. Thus appellant directly benefitted financially from
the decrease in the mortgage balance and the maintenance and upkeep of the marital
home.
{¶69} Appellant’s fifth assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 25
VI
{¶70} Appellant, in his sixth assignment of error, argues that the trial court
abused its discretion in ordering him to pay appellee $3,901.73.
{¶71} Under the terms of the Divorce Decree, appellant was to pay the entire
cost of Chase’s extracurricular activities and, until the marital home was sold, was
ordered to pay all ordinary maintenance and repairs on the premises. Appellant also
was ordered to pay for car maintenance and insurance. On June 7, 2011, appellee filed
a motion for an order to show cause, alleging that appellant had failed to pay $1,719.79
for car insurance and repairs, $271.64 for home repairs, and $300.00 for Chases’
extracurricular fees, for a total of $2,291.43.
{¶72} With respect to the $300.00 extracurricular fees, appellant, at the hearing,
testified that he knew that appellee had paid such bill on August 3, 2010 and that he did
not pay the same because appellee paid the bill “prior to the Magistrate making the
divorce decision.” Transcript at 67. Appellant argues that, therefore, such fees are not
owed by him. Appellant, however, admitted that he knew that such decision was
adopted by the trial court and made effective August 1, 2010, which is prior to the date
such fees were paid. Appellant, therefore, clearly owes appellee the $300.00.
{¶73} Appellant also argues that the repair to the refrigerator is not “home
maintenance” as ordered by the Decree and that, therefore, he is not responsible for the
cost to repair the refrigerator. However, we find that the trial court was free to interpret
its own language in the Decree and that it was not unreasonable to find that the repair
of the refrigerator, which was sold with the house, fell within the definition of home
maintenance.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 26
{¶74} With respect to the cost for car repairs, appellant argues that the repair
was not done at a repair ship where the vehicle previously had been serviced and was
completed at a shop owned by a friend of Marc Carr. Appellant claims that the cost of
tires for appellee’s van was excessive and an unnecessary expense.
{¶75} At the hearing, appellant admitted that appellee had submitted $1,719.79
in car insurance and maintenance bills to him and that he had not paid any of them. He
further agreed that had never told appellee that he objected to the tire part of the repair
bill and testified that he believed that the invoice could have been doctored. Appellant,
however, presented no evidence of doctoring. Moreover, appellant indicated that he
had not paid the car insurance because he did not have an insurable interest in the van
even though the court ordered him to pay the same. Appellant also admitted that the
amount owed to appellee had “roughly now grown to about 3,000…” Transcript at 72.
{¶76} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s sixth assignment of error is overruled.
VII
{¶77} Appellant, in his seventh assignment of error, argues that the trial court, in
ruling on his objections to the Magistrate’s Decision, erred by failing to conduct a
hearing prior to denying and dismissing his objections and motions.
{¶78} Pursuant to Civ. R. 54(D)(4), when “ruling on objections, the court shall
undertake an independent review as to the objected matters to ascertain that the
magistrate has properly determined the factual issues and appropriately applied the
law.” There is no record demonstration that the trial court did not undertake such a
review. We presume that the trial court considered all the evidence. The record does
not affirmatively demonstrate that it failed to do so. In fact, in its November 6, 2012
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 27
Judgment Entry ruling on appellant’s objections, the trial court found that the Magistrate
had incorrectly calculated child support and modified that amount of child support that
the Magistrate recommended that appellant be ordered to pay.
{¶79} Appellant also maintains that the trial court erred in failing to conduct a
hearing on his objections at which additional evidence would be presented. Appellant,
on February 16, 2012, filed supplemental objections to the Magistrate’s Decision. In his
supplemental objections, he requested that he be permitted to present new evidence
that he asserted was unavailable at the time of the hearing. Appellant alleged, that
since the hearing and prior to the Magistrate’s Decision, Carr had been arrested and
listed appellee’s residence as his residence and that Carr’s ex-wife had come forward
with additional information that Carr and his kids were living with appellee. Appellant
also alleged that Carr’s child’s car had been parked at appellee’s residence constantly.
{¶80} Civ.R 53(D)(4)(d) permits a court to hear additional evidence when the
party objecting to a magistrate's decision could not, with reasonable diligence, have
produced that evidence for consideration by the magistrate. We find that the trial court
did not err in failing to hear additional evidence because appellant failed to show that he
could not, with reasonable diligence, have produced the evidence for consideration by
the Magistrate. Appellant himself, in his request for additional evidence to be
presented, stated that Carr was arrested prior to the Magistrate’s Decision. Moreover,
as noted by appellee, during the hearing in this matter, appellant indicated that he had
spoken with Carr’s ex-wife while the divorce was pending. Appellant could have
subpoenaed her to testify at the hearing.
{¶81} Appellant’s seventh assignment of error is, therefore, overruled.
Delaware County, Case No. 12 CAF 12 0086 28
{¶82} Accordingly, the judgment of the Delaware County Court of Common
Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed.
By: Baldwin, J.
Gwin, P. J. and
Delaney, J. concur.
HON. CRAIG R. BALDWIN
HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
CRB/dr
[Cite as Laveer v. Laveer, 2013-Ohio-3294.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
SUSAN L. LAVEER :
:
Plaintiff - Appellee :
:
-vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY
:
RICHARD L. LAVEER :
:
Defendant - Appellant : CASE NO. 12 CAF 12 0086
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County, Ohio, Domestic Relations
Division, is affirmed. Costs to appellant.
HON. CRAIG R. BALDWIN
HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
HON. PATRICIA A. DELANEY
Laveer v. Laveer
Combined Opinion