IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS
OF TEXAS
NO. PD-1230-14
CHAD WILLIAM MURRAY, Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
ON STATE’S PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW
FROM THE SEVENTH COURT OF APPEALS
HILL COUNTY
M EYERS, J., filed a dissenting opinion.
DISSENTING OPINION
The court of appeals decided that there was insufficient evidence in this case for a
reasonable jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant had operated a motor
vehicle while intoxicated. Murray v. State, 440 S.W.3d 927, 929 (Tex. App.–Amarillo 2014).
I agree.
The majority states that the jury is responsible for “drawing reasonable inferences
from basic facts to ultimate facts” and holds that, because the jury could have reasonably
Murray dissent - Page 2
inferred that Appellant both consumed alcohol other than where he was found and drove to
the location after drinking to intoxication, that the evidence was legally sufficient to support
Appellant’s conviction. Murray v. State, No. PD-1230-14, slip op. at 3, 6. However, I am
unfamiliar with this inferral relationship. Since when can juries makes inferences that are not
based on direct or circumstantial evidence?
There is no evidence in this case at all that speaks to when the vehicle was driven to
the location where it was found, or when or where Appellant became intoxicated. Finding
the evidence sufficient to support Appellant’s conviction would be no different than
convicting an individual for possession of marijuana based solely on an officer’s observation
that the individual was high and smelled of marijuana. I am aware of no possession case
where we have allowed this type of attenuated inference, and we should not allow it now in
this driving while intoxicated case. Just as the evidence of possession of marijuana by that
individual would be insufficient, so is the evidence that Appellant ever drove while
intoxicated.
There are certain instances in which inferences are allowed to be made. For example,
if an electronics store was robbed, and then an individual was found with electronics that
contain serial numbers matching the stolen merchandise, it is allowable to infer that the
individual committed the robbery even where there is no additional evidence he was the
perpetrator. There, the inference is used to identify the individual who committed the crime.
In this case, however, the inference is being used to assert that a crime was committed at all.
Murray dissent - Page 3
I cannot condone this type of analysis which has no basis in law. I can only presume that this
new procedure for both creating and finding a defendant guilty of a crime should open up a
whole new avenue for convictions that are based solely upon a simple inference that a crime
was committed.
Although the majority does not directly address whether simply being passed out
behind the wheel of a running car is, itself, enough to constitute “operating” a vehicle for
purposes of DWI, I would also hold that it is not enough. Operating a vehicle requires taking
action in a manner that would enable the vehicle’s use, and although turning the ignition
would likely meet this definition, there needs to exist some evidence to support a finding that
it was done while the defendant was intoxicated. Denton v. State, 911 S.W.2d 388, 390 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1995). Without such evidence, no rational jury could find beyond a reasonable
doubt that the defendant operated a motor vehicle while intoxicated.
I believe the evidence in this case is insufficient to support Appellant’s conviction and
I would affirm the judgement of the court of appeals. For the foregoing reasons, I
respectfully dissent.
Meyers, J.
Filed: April 15, 2015
Publish
Murray, Chad William
Combined Opinion