[Cite as Ohio Dept. of Taxation v. Shuster, 2017-Ohio-8927.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
)ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF LORAIN )
STATE OF OHIO, DEPARTMENT OF C.A. No. 17CA011112
TAXATION
Appellee
APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT
v. ENTERED IN THE
COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
KAREN SHUSTER COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO
CASE No. 12CJ060250
Appellant
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 11, 2017
SCHAFER, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Karen Shuster, appeals the judgment of the Lorain County
Court of Common Pleas denying her motions to strike and to dismiss. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm.
I.
{¶2} On July 30, 2012, the Ohio Department of Taxation filed a certificate of judgment
against Shuster for unpaid income taxes for tax year 2003, which had become final by operation
of law for the purpose of having a judgment lien recorded thereon. On February 16, 2017, the
Department of Taxation filed a motion for garnishment of personal earnings. Shuster did not
request a hearing pursuant to R.C. 2716.06. However, on February 28, 2017, Shuster filed a
“Motion to strike and Dismiss this Case under Rule 12(B)” and “Defendant’s Objection to ex-
parte Filings and Motion to Strike.” The Department of Taxation filed a response on March 20,
2017. The trial court subsequently denied Shuster’s motions.
2
{¶3} Shuster filed this timely appeal, raising one assignment of error for our review.
II.
Assignment of Error
The lower court erred in denying [Shuster]’s Motion to Dismiss and allowing
judgment in favor of [The Ohio Department of Taxation].
{¶4} In her sole assignment of error, Shuster argues that the trial court erred in denying
her motion to dismiss and allowing judgment in favor of the Department of Taxation. We
disagree.
{¶5} In her motion to strike and dismiss, Shuster argued that she had “never received
proper service of process in this case” and was “not even liable for any state, city or county
income or employment taxes.” In denying Shuster’s motion to strike and dismiss, the trial court
stated that it appeared from her motion that Shuster was attempting to argue that the underlying
judgment was not valid because her earnings were exempt from taxation. The trial court
ultimately determined that, regardless of whether Shuster’s allegations had merit, the trial court
lacked jurisdiction to dismiss or modify the underlying judgment because Shuster had not
availed herself of the specific procedure outlined by Ohio law to contest a tax assessment.
{¶6} On appeal, Shuster argues that the trial court erred in denying her motions
because (1) it did not have jurisdiction since “neither the Ohio Constitution nor the federal
constitution permits governments to tax the labor of the people;” (2) she was entitled to a jury
trial pursuant to the Seventh Amendment of the United States Constitution; and (3) she did not
receive proper service of process in this case.
{¶7} As an initial matter, we note that Shuster’s first and second contentions “fit into
the ‘tax protestor’ category” and are composed of “a hodgepodge of unsupported assertions,
irrelevant platitudes, and legalistic gibberish[,]” and as such, are without merit. (Internal
3
citations omitted.) Abraitis v. Testa, 137 Ohio St.3d 285, 2013-Ohio-4725, ¶ 8. Furthermore,
“[t]he law is well settled that the taxation of ‘income’ is permitted both on the state and federal
levels.” State, Dep’t of Taxation v. Sabula, 11th Dist. Geauga No. 89-G-1542, 1990 Ohio App.
Lexis 4127, *5-6 (Sept. 21, 1990) (compiling cases). Additionally, the right to a jury trial
pursuant to the Seventh Amendment to the U.S. Constitution does not apply to state courts, see
Arrington v. Daimler Chrysler Co., 9th Dist. Summit Nos. 22108, 22270, 22271, 22272, 22273,
22274, 22284, 22285, 22311, 2004-Ohio-7180, ¶ 23, and even as applied to the federal courts,
the right to a jury trial in tax collection proceedings is not found in the Seventh amendment, see
Wickwire v. Reinecke, 275 U.S. 101, 105 (1927). See also Blackburn v. Commissioner, 681 F.2d
461, 462 (6th Cir.1982) (compiling cases).
{¶8} Moreover, the trial court did not err when it determined it did not have
jurisdiction to dismiss or modify the underlying judgment regardless of whether Shuster’s
allegations were true or not. Pursuant to R.C. 2716.06(C), if a judgment debtor requests a
hearing within five business days after receipt of the notice of the order of garnishment, a trial
court is required to hold a hearing wherein the trial court is “limited to a consideration of the
amount of the personal earnings of the judgment debtor, if any, that can be used in satisfaction of
the debt owed by the judgment debtor to the judgment creditor.” R.C. 2716.06(C). Accordingly,
“‘R.C. 2716.06, “merely gives the trial court jurisdiction to determine the amount of wages * * *
if any * * * that can be used to satisfy all or part of the debt. * * * .”’” Merchants Acceptance,
Inc. v. Bucholz, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24425, 2011-Ohio-5556, ¶ 32, quoting Credit
Acceptance Corp. v. Duncan, 5th Dist. Licking No. 06CA0039, 2006-Ohio-3934, ¶ 17, quoting
Schumaker v. Stacey, 9th Dist. Summit No. 11936, 1985 Ohio App. LEXIS 7656 (May 8, 1985).
4
Therefore, the trial court lacked jurisdiction as a matter of law to vacate the underlying
judgment. See Bucholz at ¶ 32-33.
{¶9} As to Shuster’s third argument that the trial court did not have jurisdiction
because “there was never service of summons and complaint” pursuant to Civ.R. 4(E), the trial
court determined the Department of Taxation “followed the applicable statutes by filing the
proper documents with the Court and the proper statutory procedure was completed.” Indeed, a
review of the record shows that the Department of Taxation followed the proper statutory
procedure in order to commence garnishment proceedings against Shuster.
{¶10} Shuster’s assertion that Civ.R. 4(E) applies in this case has no merit since R.C.
5747.13 governs the procedure to obtain a judgment for unpaid income taxes and R.C. 2716.01
et seq. govern the procedures required in order to garnish personal earnings. See Civ.R. 1(C). In
this case, the Department of Taxation properly filed a certified copy of the tax commissioner’s
entry making Shuster’s tax assessment final in the office of the Clerk of the Lorain County Court
of Common Pleas. See R.C. 5747.13(C). The clerk thereafter entered a certificate of judgment
against Shuster in the amount shown on the entry. See R.C. 5747.13(C). Pursuant to R.C.
2716.01, once a judgment creditor obtains a judgment, the judgment creditor may garnish the
personal earnings of the judgment debtor. Nonetheless, any person seeking an order of
garnishment of personal earnings must make a demand in writing to the judgment debtor for the
excess of the amount of the judgment over the amount of exempt personal earnings. R.C.
2716.02(A). A proceeding in garnishment of personal earnings may thereafter commence by the
filing of an affidavit in writing made by the judgment creditor setting forth specific information
as required by R.C. 2716.03(A)(1)-(6). A review of the record shows that the Department of
Taxation filed an affidavit in compliance with R.C. 2716.03(A) on February 16, 2017. The trial
5
court thereafter issued an order and notice of garnishment to Shuster’s employer on February 17,
2017.
{¶11} “Upon a court’s issuance of an order of garnishment of personal earnings
following a judgment creditor’s filing of an affidavit * * *, the garnishee and the judgment
debtor shall be notified of the proceeding in garnishment of personal earnings in accordance with
[R.C. 2716.05 and R.C. 2716.06].” R.C. 2716.03(C). Pursuant to R.C. 2716.06, a statutory
notice must be served on the garnishee and delivered to the judgment debtor. A review of the
record shows that the Department of Taxation filed a praecipe for service of notice and request
for hearing was filed with the clerk on February 17, 2017, requesting ordinary mail service of
each of these filings to be served to Shuster at her home address.
{¶12} Therefore, we conclude that the trial court did not err by denying Shuster’s
motion to strike and dismiss. Shuster’s assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶13} Shuster’s assignment of error is overruled. Therefore, the judgment of the Lorain
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of
this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
6
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JULIE A. SCHAFER
FOR THE COURT
TEODOSIO, J.
CALLAHAN, J.
CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
KAREN SHUSTER, pro se, Appellant.
MICHAEL D. STULTZ and KARL C. KERSCHNER, Attorneys at Law, for Appellee.
Ohio Dept. of Taxation v. Shuster
Combined Opinion