NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 17 2020
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
SCOTT JOHNSON, No. 19-15759
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 3:17-cv-02454-WHA
v.
MEMORANDUM*
STARBUCKS CORPORATION, a
Washington corporation,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
William Alsup, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 2, 2020
Pasadena, California
Before: FERNANDEZ and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and AMON,** District Judge.
Appellant Scott Johnson (“Johnson”) appeals the district court’s decision,
which granted summary judgment in favor of Starbucks Corporation (“Starbucks”)
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable Carol Bagley Amon, United States District Judge for
the Eastern District of New York, sitting by designation.
on Johnson’s claims brought under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”).1
We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.2
Johnson, who uses a wheelchair, asks this Court to hold that Starbucks is
required under the ADA to provide 36 inches of usable counter space for disabled
patrons. Johnson argues that Starbucks’ transaction counter violates the relevant
section of the 2010 Standards for Accessible Design (“2010 Standards”) and 28
C.F.R. § 36.211(a). We consider each argument in turn, reviewing the question of
law de novo. See Wyner ex rel. Wyner v. Manhattan Beach Unified Sch. Dist., 223
F.3d 1026, 1028 (9th Cir. 2000).
I. Compliance with Section 904.4.1 of the 2010 Standards
Section 904.4.1 of the 2010 Standards lays out the building requirements for
“parallel approach” transaction counters; that is, counters that wheelchair customers
1
Johnson also brought claims under California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act, which the
district court dismissed on the grounds that their success depended on the viability
of the ADA claims.
2
Johnson moves for judicial notice of the district court’s decision in Whitaker v.
ELC Beauty, LLC, 8:19-cv-00407-DF (C.D. Cal. Nov. 12, 2019). 9th Cir. Dkt. 28.
Starbucks moves for judicial notice of the rulings granting its motions to dismiss in
Whitaker v. Starbucks Corporation, No. 2:19-cv-6583-GW-SK, ECF No. 28 (C.D.
Cal. Nov. 25, 2019), Whitaker v. Starbucks Corporation, No. 2:19-cv-6795-GW-SS,
ECF No. 20 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 2, 2019), and Whitaker v. Starbucks Corporation, No.
2:19-cv-09793-CJC-MRW, ECF No. 18 (C.D. Cal. Jan. 17, 2020). 9th Cir. Dkt. 33.
Both motions are granted, as the documents are “not subject to reasonable dispute,”
Fed. R. Evid. 201, and the “proceedings [to which they relate] have a direct relation
to matters at issue,” United States ex rel. Robinson Rancheria Citizens Council v.
Borneo, Inc., 971 F.2d 244, 248 (9th Cir. 1992) (internal quotation marks omitted).
2
must approach from a side angle because there is no knee or toe clearance underneath
the counter. See, e.g., Crandall v. Starbucks Corp., 249 F. Supp. 3d 1087, 1116
(N.D. Cal. 2017). Section 904.4.1 requires “[a] portion of the counter surface that
is 36 inches (915 mm) long minimum and 36 inches (915 mm) high maximum above
the finish floor.” 36 C.F.R, Part 1191, Appendix D, § 904.4.1. Section 904.4.1
contains an exception, which provides that “[w]here the provided counter surface is
less than 36 inches (915 mm) long, the entire counter surface shall be 36 inches (915
mm) high maximum above the finish floor.” Id.
Here, the parties agree that Starbucks’ transaction counter is configured for a
parallel approach and, as built, is at least 36 inches long and no more than 36 inches
high. Johnson argues that Starbucks has nevertheless not complied with Section
904.4.1’s length requirement because Starbucks has covered a portion of the
transaction counter with merchandise displays, rendering the counter less than 36
inches long. The exception to Section 904.4.1, however, clearly contemplates
counters that are less than 36 inches long when, as here, the counter is at an entirely
accessible height of 36 inches or lower. Because there are circumstances under
which a counter built to be less than 36 inches long complies with Section 904.4.1,
3
we hold that Starbucks does not violate Section 904.4.1 by failing to provide 36
inches of usable counter space for disabled customers.3
II. Compliance with 28 C.F.R. § 36.211(a)
Section 36.211(a) provides that “[a] public accommodation shall maintain in
operable working condition those features of facilities and equipment that are
required to be readily accessible to and usable by persons with disabilities by the Act
or this part.” 28 C.F.R. § 36.211(a).
Johnson asks this Court to hold, pursuant to Section 904.4.1 of the 2010
Standards and 28 C.F.R. § 36.211(a), that Starbucks is required to provide 36 inches
of usable counter space for disabled customers. As explained in the previous section,
Section 904.4.1 of the 2010 Standards expressly contemplates counters that are built
to be less than 36 inches long. As a result, we do not read § 36.211(a) to require
Starbucks to “maintain” 36 inches of usable counter space. This is not a case in
which defendants have failed to maintain an accessible feature clearly required by
the ADA. Cf. Fortyune v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., 364 F.3d 1075, 1084 (9th
3
Johnson argues that, taken to its “logical extension,” Starbucks’ position, supported
by an amicus brief filed by the Department of Justice, means that Starbucks could
comply with Section 904.4.1 by providing a counter that does not have a “single
millimeter of clear, useable space for wheelchair users.” Because Johnson
ultimately asks this Court to hold that Starbucks must, without exception, provide
36 inches of usable counter space, we need not reach the question of whether there
are any potential limits of the exception to Section 904.4.1. We hold only that
Section 904.4.1 does not in all instances require Starbucks to provide 36 inches of
usable counter space.
4
Cir. 2004) (holding defendant movie theater must ensure that wheelchair accessible
seats and companion seats, which are required under § 221 of the 2010 Standards,
are actually available for wheelchair customers and their companions). In sum, the
maintenance requirements cannot be more stringent than the building requirements.
* * *
We have considered Johnson’s remaining arguments and hold them to be
without merit. For these reasons, the district court’s judgment is AFFIRMED.
5
Scott Johnson v. Starbucks Corporation
Combined Opinion