Solms v. Rutgers Fire Insurance

Grover, J.

The plaintiff showed no right to relief upon the ground that there was a mistake in making out the policy originally by the defendant. Although the evidence showed that the application made for insurance upon the property, to the Stuyvesant Company, by A. H. Quisse, was for-insurance in behalf of Charlotte Quisse, the owner of the property, yet there was no evidence tending to show that any such application was made by that company to the defendants, nor but that the defendants made the policy in strict accordance with the application and agreement entered into. It is clear that no recovery could be had upon the policy as made, because A. H. Quisse was the party thereby insured, and he had no interest in the property, either at the time of making the insurance, or at any time thereafter, and consequently had sustained no loss, and therefore had no claim for indemnity.

The ground entitling the plaintiff to relief, if any, was the presentation of the policy to the defendants’ secretary, by the clerk of Thorne, the clerk at the time informing the secretary that Charlotte Quisse owned the property, and wanted the loss, if any, made payable to Mary Entwistle. The secretary must be presumed to have understood this, as there was no contradictory evidence. The taking the policy and making an in-dos sernent thereon making the loss payable as requested, without expressing any dissent to regarding the policy as a valid one in behalf of Charlotte Quisse, the owner, must be regarded as an agreement on his part to make a valid policy to her upon the property. The company had already received the premium for a valid insurance upon the property, to the amount expressed in the policy. It had executed and, delivered a policy, supposed to be valid, but which, through mistake, probably of the Stuyvesant Company, was a mere nullity. This transaction with the clerk, unexplained, required the finding of an agreement by the defendant to insure Charlotte Quisse, the owner of the property, in consideration of the premium already received.

Whether the secretary supposed the policy was made to her originally, as the assured, and believed the remark of the clerk, that she owned the property and desired the loss made payable to Mrs. Entwistle, to show that the change in that respect was desired by the assured; or whether, through inadverfiance, the correction was omitted, does not appear, nor is it material. At any rate, the assent of the secretary to an agreement to insure Mrs. Quisse does appear.

It -is well settled that an agreement by parol to insure, and to make out a policy, when the terms are all understood, is binding upon the insurer, and will be enforced in the courts. In this case, I think, this agreement of the secretary was a valid contract, binding upon the company, and that, as the evidence stood at the time of the motion to dismiss the complaint was made, the plaintiff was prima facie entitled to recover. The judge, therefore, erred in dismissing the complaint.

The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered.

Huxt, J.

[After stating above facts.]—I think the judgment is erroneous. Mrs. Quisse paid to the defendants her money for an insurance upon her property. The defendants received her money, intending so to insure her, and supposing they had insured her to the amount of .two thousand one hundred dollars. If they had any knowledge of the error, and intended to receive or to retain her money, allowing her to suppose that she had a valid insurance, when they understood it to be otherwise, they were guilty of a fraud which will afford them no protection. That the mistake of the name was a mere mistake, and that it was the mistake of the défendants’

agent, Burnett, was proven by the testimony of both Mr. and Mrs. Quisse. On a nonsuit, all disputed facts are to be assumed in favor of the plaintiff. This is, therefore, to be assumed as the true state of the case. Burnett knew that the property was that of Mrs. Quisse, and was informed, while examining the same on behalf of the defendants, that the insurance was desired in the1 name of Mrs. Quisse. The defendants knew, not only what the property was, its nature and character, but knew who made the application, and who was

the party desiring the insurance. The knowledge of their agent was the knowledge of the defendants. McEwen v. Montg. Co. Ins. Co., 5 Hill, 101; Masters v. Mad. Co. Ins. Co., 11 Barb. 624; Bunten v. Orient Ins. Co., 8 Bosw. 449, affirmed court of appeals.* I think all these circumstances establish a contract on the part of the defendants with Mrs. Quisse, and that if the property had been destroyed, intermediate the receipt of their portion of the premium by the defendants, and the issuing of their policy, the defendants would have been liable to her for the two thousand one hundred dollars. The evidence of Mr. Quisse, who testified that he made the application to the' company in that form, and of Mr. and Mrs. Quisse, who testify that they so informed the defendants’ agent while he was examining the premises, and the retention of the money by the defendants with that knowledge, gave all the essentials of a valid contract of insurance in favor of the party so applying and paying. Kelly v. Com. Ins. Co., 10 Bosw. 82; Whitaker v. Farmers’ Ins. Co., 29 Barb. 312; Angell on Ins. § 35, and cases cited; Johnson v. Talman, in court of appeals, not reported.

The transaction which took place when the error was discovered, I think also relieves the case from its difficulty. It is not pretended that there was any error in the character of the risk, the amount of the premium, or, at that time, in the name of the individual to be insured. The defendants were distinctly informed that there was an error in the name of the party insured; that it should be Charlotte Quisse, instead of A. H. Quisse; that the former was the owner of the property; aud they were desired to correct it, or to make a suitable memorandum upon the subject. They made a memorandum, consenting to the assignment desired, but containing nothing on the subject of the erroneous name of the person insured, and handed back the policy. It was distinctly proven that they were informed of the error at this time. What was the intention, and what was the legal effect of this return of the policy, with a consent indorsed that the loss should be pspd to Mary Entwistle ? The intent could honestly be no other than to redeliver the policy after this information, and to insure anew the property described. If the defendants can be supposed to have reasoned with themselves that “ there was an error, we will say nothing about it, we will keep the premium and avoid a liability if a loss should occur,” the well-settled principles of law and morality would compel the indemnity to the party claiming. The defendants will be compelled to perform the contract, as they allowed the other party to understand it, and to suppose that they understood it. I doubt not that the in- '• tention of the defendants in returning the policy to Mrs. | Quisse’s agent, uncorrected, after being advised of the error, , was to reissue and redeliver the same," disregarding the error, and such was its legal effect. The act of the defendants was either a trick unworthy of a respectable company, or it was a statement to Mrs. Quisse that she might regard her policy as valid, notwithstanding the error, and that if any loss occurred i1- should be paid to Mrs. Entwistle, in the same manner as if the correct name were therein inserted.

On this point the argument in the court below was to the effect that these acts were only proof, either that the defendants did not understand that any request was made to them to alter the policy, or, if they did so understand it, they refused it, as they had a right to do. The evidence was distinct that the request was made to the secretary of the company, and there was no pretense, in fact, that it was not understood. If the secretary has so testified, a question would have been presented for the consideration of the jury, and if they had found with the defendants on that question, it would have ended the point. Neither is it just to say that if they did understand it, the company refused the request to make the alteration, as they had a right to do. On the contrary, they assumed to grant it, allowed and induced the assured to understand that the matter was entirely satisfactory to them, and never intimated a refusal or dissatisfaction, until called upon to make good the loss. If they had refused the correction, the assured could have supplied the want by a new insurance. They did not, however, refuse, and cannot now justify them-, selves on that ground.

I think a new trial should be ordered.

■ All the judges concurred.

Judgment reversed, and,new trial ordered,~costs~to abide the event.

* Reported, in vol. 1 oíf this series, p. 257.