[Cite as State v. Braswell, 2018-Ohio-3208.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-16-1197
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201601685
v.
Anthony Braswell DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: August 10, 2018
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and
Brenda J. Majdalani, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Mollie B. Hojnicki-Mathieson, for appellant.
*****
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} Following a jury trial, the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas convicted
the defendant-appellant, Anthony Braswell, on a single count of burglary. On appeal,
Braswell challenges the evidence against him and his prison sentence. He also claims
that his trial counsel was ineffective. As set forth below, we find Braswell received a
constitutionally fair trial and that his sentence is not contrary to law. Accordingly, we
affirm the judgment of the lower court.
Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} The following evidence was offered at trial. The accuser in this case, “S.L.,”
is Braswell’s former girlfriend. S.L.’s relationship with Braswell ended in 2008 or 2009.
On Friday, March 25, 2016, S.L. was at her house, located at 902 Prospect Street,
in Toledo, Ohio. S.L. shared the home with her boyfriend, and her boyfriend’s son. S.L.
had arranged to take the boy to her sister’s for the night because she worked the next
morning. Just before leaving for her sister’s, S.L. received a phone call from her friend,
A.G., who said she was on her way over and asked to spend the night. S.L. agreed and
responded that she would be right back. The time was 11:00 p.m. S.L. locked the doors
as she left.
{¶ 3} Around 11:05, as she was dropping off the boy for the night, S.L. received a
phone call from A.G. who was, by then, parked outside of S.L.’s house on Prospect.
A.G. reported that she had just seen Braswell exit S.L.’s home and that the front door was
“kicked in.” A.G. recognized Braswell from having met him before. S.L. immediately
returned home, to find that the doorframe and front door were busted and many items
were missing, including an “Xbox” gaming system, three televisions and a laptop
computer. S.L. also found an Xbox power cord on her front lawn.
{¶ 4} S.L. testified that Braswell returned to S.L.’s house the next day, March 26,
2016, and attempted to gain entry through the back door. S.L. and A.G. heard glass break
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and then saw Braswell run away from the house though the back yard. S.L. called 911 at
2:47 p.m. to report the previous night’s burglary. When the police did not immediately
arrive, she went to the police station to make an in-person report, but the police sent her
home and instructed her to wait for the police to come to her house. In the early evening,
Toledo Police Officer Dylan James and his partner arrived at S.L.’s home and took her
statement. Officer James testified that S.L.’s front door appeared to have been forced
open. Later, James reported the incident to Toledo Police Detective Perry Waddell.
{¶ 5} Waddell met with S.L. on Monday, March 28, 2016. Two days later,
Braswell called S.L. and told her that his probation officer had contacted him and that
there was a warrant out for his arrest. Braswell then continued to contact S.L. She
testified that, “the first couple [of calls] were kind of [him] asking me not to go to court,
not to put him in jail.” A couple of days later, Braswell “finally admitted” to breaking
into her house. S.L. testified that Braswell “called me crying. He said, sorry, and [asked]
why am I putting him in jail because I never did it before.” Braswell also told her that he
and his current girlfriend had gotten into a fight, which caused him to be upset with S.L
because, in S.L.’s own words, “he was upset at me because he would not have been with
her if he was with me, so that was the reason he had broke into my house.” In all,
Braswell called S.L. about 10 to 15 times.
{¶ 6} S.L.’s grandmother, “F.F.,” listened to one of the calls. F.F. knew Braswell
“very well” and was familiar with his voice. F.F. testified that, during the call, she heard
Braswell “ask [S.L.] not to have him arrested * * * [and] he apologized three different
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times for it.” According to F.F., Braswell “did not come right out and say that he broke
in or stole anything. He just apologized for it.”
{¶ 7} A Lucas County Grand Jury indicted Braswell on April 13, 2016, for
burglary, in violation of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2) and (D), a felony of the second degree.
Following a two-day trial, beginning on August 16, 2016, Braswell was found guilty. By
judgment entry dated August 23, 2016, the trial court sentenced Braswell to serve 48
months in prison. The court sentenced him to an additional prison term of 12 months for
violating the terms of his community control in another case (No. CR0201501446). The
court ordered the two terms to be served consecutively to one another. Through
appointed appellate counsel, Braswell appealed and assigns three assignments of error for
our review.
First Assignment of Error: The evidence at appellant’s trial was
insufficient to support the conviction and appellant’s conviction was
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Second Assignment of Error: Appellant was denied effective
assistance of counsel as guaranteed by the United States and Ohio
Constitutions.
Third Assignment of Error: The trial court erred when it imposed
consecutive sentences.
{¶ 8} Sufficiency of the evidence is a legal standard that tests whether the
evidence introduced at trial is legally sufficient to support a verdict. State v. Thompkins,
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78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). We examine the evidence in the light
most favorable to the state and decide whether any rational trier of fact could have found
that the state proved, beyond a reasonable doubt, all of the essential elements of the
crime. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus; State v. Yarbrough, 95 Ohio St.3d 227, 2002-Ohio-2126, 767 N.E.2d 216, ¶ 78.
{¶ 9} Whether the evidence is legally sufficient to sustain a verdict is a question of
law. Thompkins at 386. We will not disturb the verdict unless we determine that
reasonable minds could not arrive at the conclusion reached by the trier of fact. State v.
Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d 460, 484, 739 N.E.2d 749 (2001); Jenks at 273.
{¶ 10} Braswell was charged and convicted of one count of burglary, in violation
of R.C. 2911.12(A)(2) which provides that “No person, by force, stealth, or deception,
shall do any of the following: * * * [t]respass in an occupied structure or in a separately
secured or separately occupied portion of an occupied structure that is a permanent or
temporary habitation of any person when any person * * * is present or likely to be
present, with purpose to commit in the habitation any criminal offense.”
{¶ 11} Braswell argues that the state failed “to establish that it was [he] who
trespassed at [S.L.’s house] for the purpose of committing the criminal offense of theft.”
Braswell complains that no evidence was presented that he entered S.L.’s house “by
force, stealth, or deception” or that he committed a theft offense while inside. Braswell
points specifically to a lack of any physical evidence, like fingerprints and shoeprints
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tying him to the scene of the crime and the fact that no direct evidence was offered that
he removed any items from the house.
{¶ 12} Direct evidence of a fact is not required; a conviction may rest on
circumstantial evidence. State v. Jackson, 57 Ohio St.3d 29, 38, 565 N.E.2d 549 (1991).
Here, S.L. testified that she did not give Braswell permission to enter her home and that,
when she left at 11:00 p.m., her home was in order and locked. Moreover, A.G.’s
testimony, if believed, established that Braswell gained access to the interior of the
property inasmuch as she observed him exiting it, at 11:05 p.m. By that time, S.L’s door
and doorframe had been damaged. There is also evidence in the record, by way of S.L.
and corroborated by F.F., that Braswell admitted to the crime. We find that a jury could
reasonably conclude from these facts that Braswell gained entry to the home by force and
that he did so for the purpose of committing a theft offense.
{¶ 13} The remainder of Braswell’s arguments pertain to the credibility of
witnesses, which we address in response to his argument that his conviction is against the
manifest weight of the evidence. In determining whether a conviction is based on
sufficient evidence, an appellate court does not assess whether the evidence is to be
believed, but whether, if believed, the evidence against a defendant would support a
conviction. See Jenks, paragraph two of the syllabus; Yarbrough at ¶ 79 (Noting that
courts do not evaluate witness credibility when reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence
claim). In sum, construing this evidence and the reasonable inferences therefrom in a
light most favorable to the state, a rational trier of facts could find all of the essential
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elements of burglary proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Braswell’s conviction is
supported by legally sufficient evidence.
{¶ 14} While sufficiency of the evidence examines whether the evidence is legally
sufficient to support the verdict as a matter of law, the criminal manifest weight of the
evidence standard addresses the evidence’s effect of inducing belief. State v. Wilson, 113
Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25, citing Thompkins at 386.
“When a court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and
disagrees with the fact finder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony.” Wilson at ¶ 25,
quoting Thompkins at 387. In determining whether a conviction is against the manifest
weight of the evidence, the appellate court must review the entire record, weigh the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses and
determine whether, in resolving any conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way
and thereby created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial must be ordered. Thompkins at 387, citing State v. Martin, 20
Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).
{¶ 15} Braswell argues that S.L.’s testimony was not credible. Initially, S.L.
testified that she called 911 immediately to report the burglary, but she did not dispute
911 records that showed no such call by her that night. S.L. explained that she thought
she had called 911 right away, but she could not be sure because, as she said, “this is the
third time that he has done this. So at this point it’s not * * * like I’m surprised any
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more. * * * So probably me just being frustrated. * * * I thought that I called. If I didn’t,
I don’t remember.” Braswell also complains that (1) when S.L. did finally call 911, she
failed to identify Braswell as the burglar and (2) S.L. and F.F. each failed to tell the
police about Braswell’s alleged confession until weeks after-the-fact. The decision, as to
whether and to what extent, to believe the testimony of a particular witness is “within the
peculiar competence of the factfinder, who has seen and heard the witness.” State v.
Johnson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99822, 2014-Ohio-494, ¶ 54.
{¶ 16} Braswell also argues that it would have been “implausible” if not
“impossible” to have effectuated the theft according to the state’s timeline. He cites the
state’s evidence—that S.L. left her home at 11:00 p.m. and A.G. arrived at 11:05 p.m.
Braswell argues that it would have been “impossible for [him] to break the locking
mechanism on the front door, force his entry into the home, remove [the stolen items and
then] make one needless trip back into the home—all within five minutes. While we
agree that the state presented a narrow time line, it was not an impossible one. Moreover,
S.L.’s testimony suggests that the timing of Braswell’s theft was not happenstance.
According to her, Braswell has “let me know he watches me. He’s seen me coming out
of the house with my boyfriend, his child, and he’s let me know that.” The jury may
have concluded that Braswell waited for an opportunity to break in, knowing that she had
stepped out. In any event, “‘it is inappropriate for a reviewing court to interfere with
factual findings of the trier of fact * * * unless the reviewing court finds that a reasonable
juror could not find the testimony of the witness to be credible.’” State v. Brown, 10th
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Dist. Franklin No. 02AP-11, 2002-Ohio-5345, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Long, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 96APA04-511, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 416.
{¶ 17} Our review reveals that ample evidence supports Braswell’s conviction.
Indeed, Braswell confessed to the crime, as established by S.L., and corroborated by F.F.
The record also reveals a possible motive for his conduct. According to S.L., Braswell
was upset with her that the two were no longer “together.” In addition, A.G. provided
eyewitness testimony that placed Braswell at the scene of the crime within minutes of its
occurrence. “Even though some discrepancies do exist, eyewitness identification
testimony alone is sufficient to support a conviction so long as a reasonable juror could
find the eyewitness testimony to be credible.” State v. Jordan, 10th Dist. Franklin No.
04AP-827, 2005-Ohio-3790, ¶ 14. “‘The reliability of properly admitted eyewitness
identification, like the credibility of the other parts of the prosecution’s case is a matter
for the jury.’” State v. Roper, 9th Dist. Summit No. 20836, 2002-Ohio-7321, ¶ 55,
quoting Foster v. California, 394 U.S. 440, 443, 89 S.Ct. 1127, 22 L.Ed.2d 402 (1969).
Having reviewed the entire record, weighed the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
and considered witness credibility, we cannot find that this is one of the “exceptional
cases” that “weighs heavily against conviction.” Thompkins at 387. Braswell’s
conviction is also not against the manifest weight of the evidence, and his first
assignment of error is not well-taken.
In his second assignment of error, Braswell asserts that he was denied his
constitutional right to effective counsel. “The Sixth Amendment, applicable to the States
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by the terms of the Fourteenth Amendment, provides that the accused shall have the
assistance of counsel in all criminal prosecutions. The right to counsel is the right to
effective assistance of counsel.” Missouri v. Frye, 566 U.S. 134, 132 S.Ct. 1399, 1404,
182 L.Ed.2d 379 (2012); see also Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution. To
prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a criminal defendant must
establish (1) deficient performance by counsel, i.e., performance falling below an
objective standard of reasonable representation, and (2) prejudice, i.e., a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different. State v. Short, 129 Ohio St.3d 360, 2011-Ohio-3641, 952 N.E.2d 1121, ¶ 113;
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. When
challenging counsel’s trial strategy through an ineffective assistance claim on appeal,
“the appellant must overcome the ‘strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within
the wide range of reasonable professional assistance * * *’” State v. Lawson, 64 Ohio
St.3d 336, 341, 595 N.E.2d 902 (1992), quoting Strickland at 689. “Debatable trial
tactics generally do not constitute a deprivation of effective counsel.” State v. Phillips,
74 Ohio St.3d 72, 85, 656 N.E.2d 643 (1995).
{¶ 18} Braswell alleges incidents of ineffective assistance of counsel at every
phase of his trial. We address his arguments below.
{¶ 19} Unprepared for trial. Braswell cites counsel’s request to continue the
trial date as evidence that she was not prepared to try his case. Counsel made one such
request—to move the trial date from Monday, June 27, 2016, so that she could confer
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with her client, interview state witnesses, and explore settlement. Counsel also requested
that Braswell be housed in the county jail to further those talks, which the court granted.
Counsel proposed a new trial date later that same week, but the trial was ultimately set
for August 1, 2016. On that day, the parties appeared in court, and Braswell’s counsel
asserted that she was “prepared to go.” The trial did not proceed, however, because a
jury had not been ordered. The court expressed frustration with both sides for failing to
communicate with the court. It assured Braswell, however, that he would not be
adversely impacted, and the case was reset, and was tried, on August 16, 2016.
{¶ 20} A request for additional time for the purpose of preparing for trial does not
amount to ineffective assistance of counsel. State v. Hunter, 131 Ohio St.3d 67, 2011-
Ohio-6524, 960 N.E.2d 955, ¶ 59 (“Indeed, counsel would have provided ineffective
assistance if he knew that he was unprepared and failed to request a continuance.”).
Also, to the extent that the trial court was displeased with Braswell’s lawyer, we are
satisfied with its assurance to Braswell that he would “be treated as if none of it [had]
happened.” We reject Braswell’s argument that his counsel was either “unprofessional”
or unprepared.
{¶ 21} Ineffective voir dire. Next, Braswell argues that counsel made
“prejudicial comments harmful to her own client to the jury.” Braswell cites counsel’s
(1) acknowledgment to the jury that she, herself, felt “nervous;” (2) providing the jury
with a “summary of her personal life;” (3) telling the jury that the crime of burglary “is
really scary. Very scary. I know I’ve put myself in that position and thought how
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freaked out I would be;” and (4) telling the jury that she often does not pay attention to
“every word” of jury instructions.
{¶ 22} Upon our review, we found that counsel offered a few details about her
own life, because she had to ask “really personal questions about you guys” which made
her “nervous.” Counsel’s attempt to humanize herself and to explain why she had to
inquire into the jury’s personal lives is neither unprofessional nor ineffective. In
addition, while counsel acknowledged that burglary would be “scary” to experience, she
in no way intimated that her client was responsible for committing the crime. We find
that counsel’s statements amounted to nothing more than an attempt to build a rapport
with the jury and did not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel. See, e.g., State v.
Frazier, 115 Ohio St.3d 139, 2007-Ohio-5048, 873 N.E.2d 1263, ¶ 225 (“Counsel’s
candid acknowledgement that a horrible murder was committed on a defenseless victim
helped to build rapport with the jury.”).
{¶ 23} Also, while counsel did say that she “sometimes [doesn’t] pay attention to
every word” of jury instructions, the context surrounding that comment suggests that she
intended to emphasize, not diminish, the importance of those instructions and the jury’s
role.1 While counsel could have made the same points, without professing that she
1
The full text of counsel’s comment was as follows:
Before you go back to deliberate, the Judge is going to give you
those jury instructions. Listen very, very carefully to those instructions.
They are very long. I know I hear them many, many times and sometimes
don’t pay attention to every word. It’s very important that you listen to
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herself does not always read jury instructions, we find that her isolated comment, taken in
context, was insignificant and does not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel.
{¶ 24} We also reject Braswell’s argument that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to exercise a peremptory challenge as to juror No. 11, merely because the juror
was a sheriff’s deputy. “Decisions on the exercise of peremptory challenges are a part of
trial strategy.” State v. Pickens, 141 Ohio St.3d 462, 2014-Ohio-544, 25 N.E.3d 1023,
¶ 225, citing State v. Trimble, 122 Ohio St.3d 297, 2009-Ohio-2961, 911 N.E.2d 242,
¶ 99. Trial counsel, who observe jurors firsthand, are in a much better position than a
reviewing court to determine whether a prospective juror should be peremptorily
challenged. Id.
{¶ 25} Failure to provide discovery. Braswell complains that his counsel failed
to provide the state with overhead photographs of S.L.’s home. He concedes, though,
that the court allowed their use. Braswell does not explain how counsel’s discovery
violation resulted in ineffective assistance, much less how he was prejudiced by it.
Braswell’s complaint, even if true, is not evidence of ineffective assistance of counsel.
every word, and it will answer so many of your questions. Listen to the
elements required for the burglary conviction and think about the testimony
that was given as well. Treat this with the importance that you would treat
a marriage proposal or choosing your baby’s names. This is a very, very
important civic duty, and I appreciate the fact that you all have appeared
here today.
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{¶ 26} Failure to subpoena Toledo Police Officer Dylan James—Braswell
complains that his counsel failed to subpoena Officer James. While “[a]n attorney’s
failure to subpoena a witness is generally within the realm of trial tactics” (and thus not a
basis for an ineffective assistance claim), here Officer James actually testified, albeit
without a subpoena. State v. Parra, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-15-1290, 2017-Ohio-5761,
¶ 11. Therefore, Braswell cannot show that he was prejudiced by his counsel’s failure to
subpoena him.
{¶ 27} Ineffective cross-examination and impeachment of A.R.: Braswell
argues that his counsel elicited prejudicial testimony while cross-examining A.R. A.R.
testified that she thought Braswell was “violent” and later, testified that she did not want
to divulge what kind of car she drove out of fear that Braswell would track her down.
We reviewed the passages cited by Braswell. It was not foreseeable, based upon the
questions asked by counsel, that A.R. would offer such testimony. And while counsel
could, and probably should, have objected, on the basis that her answers were non-
responsive, “the decision not to request a limiting instruction is sometimes a tactical
one.” State v. Schaim, 65 Ohio St.3d 51, 61, fn. 9, 600 N.E.2d 661 (1992). “A competent
trial attorney may well eschew objecting * * * in order to minimize jury attention to the
damaging material.” (Quotations omitted.) State v. Mundt, 115 Ohio St.3d 22, 2007-
Ohio-4836, 873 N.E.2d 828, ¶ 90.
{¶ 28} Braswell also faults counsel for failing to impeach A.R. over “the
inconsistency between the police reports and testimony,” but he fails to identify the
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inconsistency or to describe how it was prejudicial. On the other hand, counsel did cross-
examine A.R. regarding why she gave the police an incorrect home address and why the
police report indicates that she observed Braswell emerge from the back of the house,
rather than through the front door, as she testified. We note that counsel also elicited
from A.R. (1) that she could not identify the type of car that Braswell allegedly drove that
night and (2) that she failed to testify truthfully when she said that she had no prior
convictions. In sum, Braswell fails to show that counsel was ineffective in her cross-
examination and impeachment of A.R.
{¶ 29} Braswell lodges similar arguments with regard to his counsel’s examination
of S.L., the accuser in this case. First, he complains that counsel failed to object to two
instances of hearsay evidence. In one, he that argues counsel should have objected to
S.L.’s response when asked how she learned of the burglary. S.L. testified, “[A.G.]
called me and told me she [had] seen Anthony [Braswell].”
{¶ 30} Hearsay is “a statement, other than one made by the declarant while
testifying * * * offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.” Evid.R.
801(C). “But if a statement is offered for another purpose, then it is not hearsay and is
admissible.” State v. Beasley, Slip Opinion No. 2018-Ohio-493, ¶ 170, citing In re
Application of McKinney, 134 Ohio St.3d 260, 2012-Ohio-5635, 981 N.E.2d 847, ¶ 18
(Statements were admissible because they were offered to show what a bar applicant was
told about her termination, not to prove the actual reasons for her termination). Here,
S.L.’s testimony was not offered to establish that A.G. actually saw Braswell, but rather
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to establish how and when S.L. learned of the burglary, i.e., because A.G. called and told
her about it. Such testimony is not hearsay. We hasten to add that, by the time the jury
heard that particular testimony, it had already heard from A.G., who testified that she
called and reported the burglary to S.L. Thus, even if the alleged statement was
inadmissible hearsay, Braswell could not show that the absence of an objection affected
the outcome of the trial because the jury already knew about the phone call and its
contents.
{¶ 31} Braswell also argues that it was hearsay, and thus objectionable, when S.L
testified that “[h]e had his mother call me and try to pay me for my things to not send him
to jail.” Again, we find that the statement was not hearsay because it was not offered for
its truth, i.e., that Braswell’s mother actually offered to pay S.L., but rather to show that
Braswell was desperate to avoid having S.L. talk to the police, which included enlisting
the help of his mother. In any event, given that Braswell failed to identify how the
alleged hearsay statements caused him actual prejudice, we cannot find that the result of
the proceedings would have been different had counsel objected to either. See State v.
Chandler, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-972, 2011-Ohio-3485, ¶ 16 (No prejudice from
admission of officer’s alleged hearsay testimony, where eyewitness testimony
overwhelmingly linked defendant to crimes).
{¶ 32} Next, Braswell argues that counsel was ineffective while cross-examining
S.L. because she “opened the door” to Braswell’s prior bad acts. During cross-
examination, counsel elicited testimony from S.L. that Braswell had broken into her
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home three times before and that, on a different occasion, he had ripped out her hair from
her head. A review of the transcript reveals that S.L. made those allegations while
counsel was in the midst of getting her to acknowledge that S.L. “made no effort to report
[the burglary] that night” and, in the other situation, that the police “actually pulled [S.L.]
over” for following Braswell. S.L.’s responses, which refer to prior bad acts, reflect her
attempt to deflect negative attention away from her and to finger point back at Braswell.
As we have previously stated in this decision, matters on which a witness are cross-
examined are within the realm of counsel’s trial strategy and tactics, and we must
generally refrain from second-guessing those decisions. Here, Braswell’s counsel
presented a defense that the witnesses were lying and that Braswell had nothing to do
with the burglary. The cross-examination of S.L. complimented that strategy and
promoted counsel’s attempts to portray her as untrustworthy. Accordingly, we have no
cause to second-guess counsel’s method for cross-examining S.L.
{¶ 33} Failure to move for a mistrial: Braswell complains that his counsel
should have moved for a mistrial after A.G. testified that Braswell spent five years in
prison and after S.L. referred to the fact that Braswell had a probation officer. He
concedes, however, that the trial court sustained both of counsel’s objections and then
instructed the jury to disregard both statements. A defendant alleging ineffective
assistance of counsel because his attorney failed to move for a mistrial must establish that
the trial court probably would have or should have declared a mistrial. State v. Seiber, 56
Ohio St.3d 4, 12, 564 N.E.2d 408 (1990). Moreover, a mistrial should not be ordered in a
17.
criminal case merely because some error or irregularity has occurred. State v. Jones, 10th
Dist. Franklin No. 12AP-1091, 2014-Ohio-674, ¶ 19. It is an extreme remedy and is only
appropriate when the substantial rights of the accused or prosecution are adversely
affected, and a fair trial is no longer possible. Illinois v. Somerville, 410 U.S. 458, 462-
463, 93 S.Ct. 1066, 35 L.Ed.2d 425 (1973); State v. Franklin, 62 Ohio St.3d 118, 127,
580 N.E.2d 1 (1991). In this case, we do not find that Braswell’s substantial rights were
adversely affected. While the references to his criminal sentence in another case and the
fact that he had a parole officer were made, the extent of the interruption was brief, and
there is no indication that the nature of the statements rendered the trial unfair.
Accordingly, we are unable to conclude that defense counsel’s performance was deficient
for failing to request a mistrial.
{¶ 34} Miscellaneous and cumulative errors: As evidence that his counsel was
“too inexperienced” to try this case and/or that she was “unprepared,” Braswell
complains (1) that the trial judge “had to assist counsel” and explain how to publish
evidence to the jury and how to impeach a witness; (2) that she relied on her co-counsel
to examine a witness; and (3) that counsel could not “figure out” how to use her power
point presentation during closing arguments.
{¶ 35} In Ohio, a properly licensed attorney is presumed competent, and the
defendant “bears the burden of proving that his trial counsel was ineffective. To carry
this burden, [the defendant] must show that counsel made errors so serious that counsel
failed to function as the ‘the counsel’ guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.” State v.
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Hamblin, 37 Ohio St.3d 153, 155-156, 524 N.E.2d 476 (1988), citing Strickland. That
counsel was assisted by her co-counsel and/or that the trial judge ensured that the parties
complied with the rules of evidence hardly calls into question the competence of
Braswell’s lawyer. Also, the record establishes that counsel was able to give her
previously-prepared closing argument, in full, despite a technical difficulty with the
court’s equipment. We see no evidence of ineffective representation by Braswell’s
counsel, much less evidence that, but for counsel’s alleged mistakes, the result of the trial
would have been different.
{¶ 36} Finally, Braswell argues that the cumulative impact of his counsel’s
deficient performance warrants reversal of his conviction and a new trial. Because we
have found no conduct by trial counsel that rises to the level of drawing the outcome of
the case into doubt, we cannot say that counsel’s representation fell below an objective
standard of reasonable representation. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687-688, 104 S.Ct.
2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674; Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d at 141-142, 538 N.E.2d 373. In this case,
there was ample evidence of Braswell’s guilt, as provided by the testimony of S.L., A.G.,
and F.F., and the alleged examples of ineffective assistance of counsel did not affect the
outcome of the trial. Braswell’s second assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 37} In his final assignment of error, Braswell alleges that the trial court erred in
ordering his sentences to be served consecutively. The court ordered that Braswell serve
48 months in prison as to his burglary conviction (the instant case) and an additional 12
months for violating the terms of his community control in case No. CR0201501446.
19.
At sentencing (in the instant case), Braswell stipulated to the community control
violation.
{¶ 38} Appellate courts review felony sentences under the standard set forth in
R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) which provides that an “appellate court may vacate or modify a
felony sentence on appeal only if it determines by clear and convincing evidence that the
record does not support the trial court’s findings under relevant statutes or that the
sentence is otherwise contrary to law.” See State v Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-
Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231, ¶ 1.
{¶ 39} R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) governs the imposition of consecutive sentences. It
provides,
(4) If multiple prison terms are imposed on an offender for
convictions of multiple offenses, the court may require the offender to serve
the prison terms consecutively if the court finds that the consecutive service
is necessary to protect the public from future crime or to punish the
offender and that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the
seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses
to the public, and if the court also finds any of the following:
(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses
while the offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction
imposed pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised
Code, or was under post-release control for a prior offense.
20.
(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of
one or more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the
multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single
prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses
of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender’s conduct.
(c) The offender’s history of criminal conduct demonstrates that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime
by the offender. (Emphasis added.)
{¶ 40} Thus, before ordering consecutive sentences, a trial court must find that
(1) consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime or to
punish the offender; (2) that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to the
seriousness of the defendant’s conduct and to the danger he poses to the public, and (3)
one of the findings described in subsections (a), (b) or (c). In addition, “[i]n order to
impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court is required to make the findings
mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings
into its sentencing entry, but it has no obligation to state reasons to support its findings.”
State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659, syllabus. A
“mere regurgitation of the statute” will satisfy the court’s obligation under R.C.
2929.14(C)(4). State v. Ault, 6th Dist. Ottawa No. OT-13-037, 2015-Ohio-556, ¶ 12.
21.
{¶ 41} In this case, the trial court made the following findings:
Being necessary to fulfill the purposes of R.C. 2929.11 and
2929.14(C)(4), consecutive sentence [sic] are necessary to protect the
public from future crime or to punish the offender and are not
disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender’s conduct and to the
danger the offender poses to the public. The courts further finds the
defendant was on community control; on post release control, the harm
caused was great or unusual such that no single prison term is adequate, and
the defendant’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive sentences
are necessary to protect the public, therefore the sentence in this case is
ordered to be served consecutively to the sentence imposed in case
CR01501446 for the total period of incarceration of 60 months on both
cases with credit for time served on both cases of 276 days.
{¶ 42} Based upon the above, the trial court made the requisite, initial findings
under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), i.e., that consecutive sentences were necessary to protect the
public/punish Braswell and were not disproportionate. The court then found all three of
the factors set forth in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c) were present, rather than just one.
Accord State v. Robinson, 3d Dist. Hancock No. 5-16-13, 2017-Ohio-2703, ¶ 12
(“Although the trial court needed to find only one of the factors provided in R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c), the trial court found all three factors to be present.”).
22.
{¶ 43} Braswell argues on appeal that his consecutive sentences were improper
because “there was no course of criminal conduct” under subsection (b) and because the
“evidence was not sufficient for the court to make a finding that [he] was a danger to the
public, and thus consecutive sentences were not required to protect the public” under
subsection (c). He concedes the applicability of subsection (a), however, and the record
supports the trial court’s conclusion, under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a), that Braswell
committed the instant offense while on community control.
{¶ 44} Because only one R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c) factor needs to be supported
by the record, we need not address Braswell’s argument regarding the trial court’s
findings under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(b) or (c). See Robinson at ¶ 12-14; see also State v.
Bray, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2016-CA-22, 2017-Ohio-118, ¶ 31 (“[T]he findings under R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)(b), alone, support imposition of consecutive sentences.”); State v. Jones,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104152, 2016-Ohio-8145, ¶ 8 (“Only one [of the R.C.
2929.14(C)(4)(a)-(c) factors] need to be supported by the record in order to affirm.”).
{¶ 45} An appellate court may vacate or modify a felony sentence only if we
determine by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial
court’s findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.”
Id. Having found no such evidence and having found that the sentence is not contrary to
law, we affirm the trial court’s imposition of consecutive sentences. Braswell’s third
assignment of error is not well-taken.
23.
{¶ 46} Based on the foregoing, Braswell’s conviction and sentence are affirmed.
Braswell is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24(A).
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27.
See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________
JUDGE
Thomas J. Osowik, J.
_______________________________
Christine E. Mayle, P.J. JUDGE
CONCUR.
_______________________________
JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of
Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported
version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at:
http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
24.