[Cite as State v. Hale, 2014-Ohio-5028.]
COURT OF APPEALS
PERRY COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES:
STATE OF OHIO : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J.
: Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J.
Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J.
:
-vs- :
: Case No. 14-CA-00014
SHAWN M. HALE :
:
Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal appeal from the Perry County
Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 13-CR-
0049
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: November 7, 2014
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
JOSEPH A. FLAUTT TERRY RUGG
Perry Prosecuting Attorney Barr, Jones & Associates, LLP
111 N. High Street 150 E. Mound Street, Ste. 200
New Lexington, OH 43764 Columbus, OH 43215
[Cite as State v. Hale, 2014-Ohio-5028.]
Gwin, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant Shawn M. Hale [“Hale”] appeals his conviction and sentence
after a negotiated guilty plea in the Perry County Court of Common Pleas for one count
of engaging in a Pattern of Corrupt Activity a felony of the first degree in violation of R.C.
Section 2923.32.
Facts and Procedural History
{¶2} Hale was indicted on three counts of Aggravated Trafficking in Drugs
felonies of the first degree in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1) and R.C. 2925.03 (C)(1);
one count of Aggravated Trafficking a felony of the second degree in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(1) and R.C. 2925.03(C)(1)(c); one count Aggravated Trafficking in Drugs a
felony of the third degree in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(1) and R.C. 2925.03(C)(2)(e);
and one count of Engaging in a Pattern of Corrupt Activity a felony of the first degree in
violation of R.C. Section 2923.32.
{¶3} On November 6, 2013, Hale’s attorney requested a continuance of the
Status Conference/Plea scheduled for November 19, 2013 in order to review discovery.
The trial court granted the continence by Judgment Entry filed November 7, 2013,
rescheduling the matter to December 19, 2013.
{¶4} On December 19, 2013, Hale requested a continuance of the Status
Conference/Plea upon the grounds that he had just viewed discovery and counsel
needed additional time to discuss the plea offer with Hale.
{¶5} On December 23, 2013, Hale requested an identical continuance of the
December 19, 2013 Status Conference /Plea upon the grounds that he had just viewed
discovery and counsel needed additional time to discuss the plea offer with Hale.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 3
{¶6} On January 6, 2013, the trial court granted Hale’s requests for a
continuance and rescheduled the Status Conference/Plea for January 17, 2014.
{¶7} By entry filed January 17, 2014, the trial court rescheduled the Status
Conference/Plea to January 21, 2014.
{¶8} On January 21, 2014, Hale pled guilty to one count of Engaging in a
Pattern of Corrupt Activity. The state dismissed the remaining charges. The court
ordered a pre-sentence investigation report and deferred sentencing until February 25,
2014.
{¶9} On February 3, 2014, Hale requested a continuance because his attorney
was scheduled to be out of town on vacation on February 25, 2014. The trial court
granted the continuance by entry filed February 11, 2014 and rescheduled the
sentencing hearing for February 20, 2014.
{¶10} On February 20, 2014, the trial court conducted a sentencing hearing. By
this date, the pre-sentence investigation had been completed, filed and examined by the
court. The trial court judge imposed a definite prison term of five years in a state penal
institution. The judgment entry filed February 21, 2014 found that there were zero days
of jail credit and advised Hale that post release control for a period of five years is
mandatory in his case. The trial court’s judgment entry further informed Hale of the
consequences for violating the conditions of post release control, including but not
limited to re-imprisonment for up to one half of the originally stated prison term.
Assignments of Error
{¶11} Hale raises four assignments of error,
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 4
{¶12} “I. DEFENDANT/APPELLANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE
OF COUNSEL WHEN HE WAS NOT AFFORDED THE OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW
THE PRE-SENTENCE INVESTIGATION THAT WAS ORDERED BY THE COURT
PRIOR TO HIS SENTENCE, WHICH PREVENTED HIM FROM INFORMING HIS
COUNSEL AND THE COURT THAT THE PRE-SENTENCE INVESTIGATION
CONTAINED INCORRECT INFORMATION ABOUT APPELLANT.
{¶13} “II. APPELLANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
BECAUSE COURT APPOINTED COUNSEL TOLD APPELLANT THAT HIS CASE
HAD TO BE COMPLETED WITHIN SIX (6) MONTHS AND THAT A JURY TRIAL
WOULD NOT BE COMPLETED WITHIN THAT SIX (6) MONTH WINDOW OF TIME
AND A PLEA WAS THE ONLY POSSIBLE OUTCOME.
{¶14} “III. APPELLANT RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF
COUNSEL BECAUSE APPELLANT'S TRIAL COUNSEL DID NOT MAKE CLEAR TO
APPELLANT THAT WHEN, PRIOR TO HIS PLEA OF GUILTY, THE COURT ASKED
APPELLANT IF HE WAS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DRUGS OR ALCOHOL THAT
WOULD IMPAIR HIS ABILITY TO MAKE PROPER DECISIONS, THAT PRESCRIBED
MEDICATIONS WERE TO BE INCLUDED IN THAT CONSIDERATION.
{¶15} “IV. THE TRIAL COURT JUDGE ABUSED HER DISCRETION WHEN
IMPOSING SENTENCE UPON THE APPELLANT AND THE CASE SHOULD BE
REMANDED TO THE TRIAL COURT FOR A NEW SENTENCING HEARING.”
I, II, III
{¶16} Appellant’s first, second and third assignments of error raise common and
interrelated issues; therefore, we will address the arguments together.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 5
{¶17} In his first assignment of error, Hale argues he was not given an
opportunity to review the pre-sentence investigation report; in his second assignment of
error, Hale contends his attorney gave inaccurate advice; and in his third assignment of
error Hale argues that his attorney did not advise him he could speak prior to the
imposition of sentence.
{¶18} In support of his arguments, Hale refers to numerous statements and
circumstances that are not part of the record in this case. Hale’s arguments center
exclusively upon matters not contained in the trial court record. In State v. Hooks, 92
Ohio St.3d 83, 2001-Ohio-150, 748 N.E.2d 528(2001), the Supreme Court noted, “a
reviewing court cannot add matter to the record before it that was not a part of the trial
court's proceedings, and then decide the appeal on the basis of the new matter. See,
State v. Ishmail, 54 Ohio St.2d 402, 377 N.E.2d 500(1978).” It is also a longstanding
rule "that the record cannot be enlarged by factual assertions in the brief." Dissolution of
Doty v. Doty, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 411, 1980 WL 350992 (Feb. 28, 1980), citing
Scioto Bank v. Columbus Union Stock Yards, 120 Ohio App. 55, 59, 201 N.E.2d
227(10th Dist. 1963). New material and factual assertions contained in any brief in this
court may not be considered. See, North v. Beightler, 112 Ohio St.3d 122, 2006-Ohio-
6515, 858 N.E.2d 386, ¶7, quoting Dzina v. Celebrezze, 108 Ohio St.3d 385, 2006-
Ohio-1195, 843 N.E.2d 1202, ¶16.
{¶19} Hale's new material may not be considered. Thus we cannot review Hale's
first, second and third assignments of error in this appeal1.
1
Hale may however, be able to assert this claim in a Petition for Post Conviction Relief under
R.C. 2953.21. We express no opinion on the timeliness or the merits of such a filing.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 6
{¶20} Having reviewed the record that Hale cites in support of his claims that he
was denied effective assistance of counsel, we find Hale was not prejudiced by defense
counsel’s representation of him. The result of the proceedings were not unreliable nor
were the proceedings fundamentally unfair because of the performance of defense
counsel. Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 131 S.Ct. 770, 777-778, 178 L.Ed.2d
624(2011).
{¶21} Hale’s first, second and third assignments of error are overruled.
IV.
{¶22} In his fourth assignment of error, Hale maintains that the imposed
sentence was an abuse of discretion.
{¶23} At the outset, we note there is no constitutional right to an appellate review
of a criminal sentence. Moffitt v. Ross, 417 U.S. 600, 610–11, 94 S.Ct. 2437, 2444, 41
L.Ed.2d 341(1974); McKane v. Durston, 152 U.S. 684, 687, 14 S.Ct. 913. 917(1894);
State v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d 89, 1997–Ohio–355, 684 N.E.2d 668(1997); State v.
Firouzmandi, 5th Dist No. 2006–CA–41, 2006–Ohio–5823, 2006 WL 3185175. An
individual has no substantive right to a particular sentence within the range authorized
by statute. Gardner v. Florida, 430 U.S. 349, 358, 97 S.Ct. 1197, 1204–1205, 51
L.Ed.2d 393 (1977); State v. Goggans, Fifth District Delaware No. 2006–CA–07–0051,
2007–Ohio–1433, ¶ 28. In other words “[t]he sentence being within the limits set by the
statute, its severity would not be grounds for relief here even on direct review of the
conviction ... It is not the duration or severity of this sentence that renders it
constitutionally invalid....” Townsend v. Burke, 334 U.S. 736, 741, 68 S.Ct. 1252, 1255,
92 L.Ed. 1690(1948).
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 7
{¶24} R.C. 2953.08 governs an appeal of sentence for felony. Subsection (G)(2)
states as follows:
The appellate court may increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a
sentence that is appealed under this section or may vacate the sentence
and remand the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing. The
appellate court’s standard for review is not whether the sentencing court
abused its discretion. The appellate court may take any action authorized
by this division if it clearly and convincingly finds either of the following:
(a) That the record does not support the sentencing court’s findings
under division (B) or (D) of section 2929.13, division (E)(4) of section
2929.14, or division (H) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code,
whichever, if any, is relevant;
(b) That the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
{¶25} Clear and convincing evidence is that evidence “which will provide in the
mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118(1954), paragraph
three of the syllabus. The Eighth District stated in State v. Venes, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 98682, 2013–Ohio–1891,
It is important to understand that the “clear and convincing”
standard applied in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is not discretionary. In fact, R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) makes it clear that “(t)he appellate court’s standard for
review is not whether the sentencing court abused its discretion.” As a
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 8
practical consideration, this means that appellate courts are prohibited
from substituting their judgment for that of the trial judge.
It is also important to understand that the clear and convincing
standard used by R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) is written in the negative. It does not
say that the trial judge must have clear and convincing evidence to
support its findings. Instead, it is the court of appeals that must clearly and
convincingly find that the record does not support the court’s findings. In
other words, the restriction is on the appellate court, not the trial judge.
This is an extremely deferential standard of review.
Venes, supra, at ¶ 20–21. Accord, State v. Lee, 10th Dist. Franklin No. CA2012–09–
182, 2013–Ohio–3404, ¶ 9; State v. Money, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2013–02–016,
2013–Ohio–4535, ¶ 8. See also, State v. Gooding, 5th Dist. Holmes No. 13CA006,
2013-Ohio-5148. We note that the Venes decision’s standard of review is limited to the
imposition of consecutive sentences. Venes, ¶10.
{¶26} In State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008–Ohio–4912, 896 N.E.2d 124,
the Ohio Supreme Court reviewed its decision in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1,
2006–Ohio–856, 845 N.E.2d 470 as it relates to the remaining sentencing statutes and
appellate review of felony sentencing. See, State v. Snyder, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2008–
CA–25, 2080–Ohio–6709. In Kalish, the Court discussed the affect of the Foster
decision on felony sentencing. The Court stated that, in Foster, the Ohio Supreme Court
severed the judicial fact-finding portions of R.C. 2929.14, holding that “trial courts have
full discretion to impose a prison sentence within the statutory range and are no longer
required to make findings or give their reasons for imposing maximum, consecutive, or
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 9
more than the minimum sentences.” Kalish at ¶1 and 11, 896 N.E.2d 124, citing Foster
at ¶ 100, See also, State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502, 2007–Ohio–4642, 873 N.E.2d
306; State v. Firouzmandi, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2006–CA–41, 2006–Ohio–5823.
Thus, a record after Foster may be silent as to the judicial findings
that appellate courts were originally meant to review under
2953.08(G)(2).” Kalish at ¶ 12. However, although Foster eliminated
mandatory judicial fact-finding, it left intact R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, and
the trial court must still consider these statutes.
Thus, despite the fact that R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) refers to the excised
judicial fact-finding portions of the sentencing scheme, an appellate court
remains precluded from using an abuse-of-discretion standard of review
when initially reviewing a defendant’s sentence. Instead, the appellate
court must ensure that the trial court has adhered to all applicable rules
and statutes in imposing the sentence. As a purely legal question, this is
subject to review only to determine whether it is clearly and convincingly
contrary to law, the standard found in R.C. 2953.08(G).
Kalish at ¶13, see also State v. Mathis, 109 Ohio St.3d 54, 2006–Ohio–855, 846 N.E.2d
1; State v. Firouzmandi, supra at ¶ 29.
{¶27} Therefore, Kalish holds that, in reviewing felony sentences and applying
Foster to the remaining sentencing statutes, the appellate courts must use a two-step
approach. “First, they must examine the sentencing court’s compliance with all
applicable rules and statutes in imposing the sentence to determine whether the
sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law. If this first prong is satisfied, the
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 10
trial court’s decision in imposing the term of imprisonment shall be reviewed under an
abuse of discretion standard.” Kalish at ¶ 4, State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006–
Ohio–856, 845 N.E.2d 470.
{¶28} The Supreme Court held, in Kalish, that the trial court’s sentencing
decision was not contrary to law. “The trial court expressly stated that it considered the
purposes and principles of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors listed in R.C. 2929.12.
Moreover, it properly applied post release control, and the sentence was within the
permissible range. Accordingly, the sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to
law.” Kalish at ¶ 18. The Court further held that the trial court “gave careful and
substantial deliberation to the relevant statutory considerations” and that there was
“nothing in the record to suggest that the court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary,
or unconscionable.” Kalish at ¶ 20
{¶29} In the case at bar, Hale was convicted of a felony of the first degree. For a
violation of a felony of the first degree, the potential sentence that a court can impose is
three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or eleven years. R.C. 2929.14(A)(1). Hale
was sentenced to five years.
{¶30} Upon review, we find that the trial court’s sentencing on the charge
complies with applicable rules and sentencing statutes. The sentence was within the
statutory sentencing range. Furthermore, the record reflects the trial court considered
the purposes and principles of sentencing and the seriousness and recidivism factors as
required in Sections 2929.11 and 2929.12 of the Ohio Revised Code and advised
appellant regarding post release control. See, Termination Judgment Entry, filed
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 11
February 21, 2014. Therefore, the sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to
law.
{¶31} Having determined that the sentence is not contrary to law we must now
review the sentence pursuant to an abuse of discretion standard. Kalish at ¶4; State v.
Firouzmandi, supra at ¶40. In reviewing the record, we find that the trial court gave
careful and substantial deliberation to the relevant statutory considerations.
{¶32} Recently, in State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014–Ohio–3177, 16
N.E.2d 659, syllabus, the Supreme Court of Ohio stated that:
In order to impose consecutive terms of imprisonment, a trial court
is required to make the findings mandated by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) at the
sentencing hearing and incorporate its findings into its sentencing entry,
but it has no obligation to state reasons to support its findings.(Emphasis
added.)
{¶33} While the sentencing court is required to make these findings, it is not
required to give reasons explaining the findings. Id. at ¶27; Furthermore, the sentencing
court is not required to recite “a word-for-word recitation of the language of the statute.”
Bonnell at 29. “[A]s long as the reviewing court can discern that the trial court engaged
in the correct analysis and can determine that the record contains evidence to support
the findings, consecutive sentences should be upheld.” Id. A failure to make the findings
required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) renders a consecutive sentence contrary to law. Bonnell
at ¶ 34. The findings required by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4) must be made at the sentencing
hearing and included in the sentencing entry. Id. at the syllabus.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 12
{¶34} A sentencing court has broad discretion to determine the relative weight to
assign the factors in R.C. 2929.12. State v. Arnett, 88 Ohio St.3d 208, 215, 724 N.E.2d
793 (2000). In the case at bar, Hale was not sentenced to the maximum and did not
receive consecutive sentences.
{¶35} In support of his contention that the trial court’s sentence was an abuse of
discretion, Hale cites to matters not contained in the trial court record. As we previously
noted in our disposition of Hale’s first, second and third assignments of error, we are
precluded from considering matters outside the record. State v. Hooks, 92 Ohio St.3d
83, 2001-Ohio-150, 748 N.E.2d 528(2001).
{¶36} In the case at bar, we are unable to review Hale’s January 17, 2014 court
hearing2, Hale’s January 21, 2014 change of plea hearing and Hale’s February 20, 2014
sentencing hearing because the transcript of those hearings was not filed with the trial
court or made a part of the record for purposes of appeal.3 Therefore, they do not
constitute part of the record on appeal. See App.R. 9(A).
When an appeal is filed in this court without a transcript, we
generally presume the regularity of that proceeding and affirm. Hoag, 125
Ohio St.3d 49, 2010-Ohio-1629, 925 N.E.2d 984, ¶ 12, citing Christy v.
Summit Cty. Bd. of Elections (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 35, 39, 671 N.E.2d 1;
State ex rel. Duncan v. Portage Cty. Bd. of Elections, 115 Ohio St.3d 405,
2007-Ohio-5346, 875 N.E.2d 578, ¶ 17. Similarly, without the benefit of
2
The record does not reflect that a hearing in open court occurred on January 17, 2014, but see
note 3.
3
Hale refers to a “January 25, 2014” hearing and a hearing “Merely four(4) days later”; however
we are unable to find on the trial court’s docket a hearing on January 25, 2014, which was a Saturday, or
a hearing on January 29, 2014. See, Appellant’s Brief at 6. The trial court’s Journal Entry filed January
29, 2014 states that Hale pled guilty on January 21, 2014. We will assume that Hale means to refer to a
January 17, 2014 hearing and his change of plea on January 21, 2014. See, also note 2.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 13
the evidence that was before the court of appeals, this court “‘has nothing
to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors, the court has no
choice but to presume the validity of the lower court's proceedings, and
affirm.’” Crane v. Perry Cty. Bd. of Elections, 107 Ohio St.3d 287, 2005-
Ohio-6509, 839 N.E.2d 14, ¶ 37, quoting Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories
(1980), 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 15 O.O.3d 218, 400 N.E.2d 384.
State ex rel. Bardwell v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 127 Ohio St.3d 202, 2010-
Ohio-5073, 937 N.E.2d 1274. Absent a complete transcript, we are unable to review the
facts underlying the trial court’s decision. Factual assertions appearing in a party's brief,
but not in any papers submitted for consideration to the trial court below, do not
constitute part of the official record on appeal, and an appellate court may not consider
these assertions when deciding the merits of the case. Akro-Plastics v. Drake Industries
115 Ohio App.3d 221, 226, 685 N.E.2d 246, 249(11th Dist.1996).
{¶37} In Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199, 400 N.E.2d
384(1980), the Supreme Court of Ohio held the following,
The duty to provide a transcript for appellate review falls upon the
appellant. This is necessarily so because an appellant bears the burden of
showing error by reference to matters in the record. See State v. Skaggs
(1978), 53 Ohio St. 2d 162. This principle is recognized in App.R. 9(B),
which provides, in part, that ‘ * * *the appellant shall in writing order from
the reporter a complete transcript or a transcript of such parts of the
proceedings not already on file as he deems necessary for inclusion in the
record.* * *.’ When portions of the transcript necessary for resolution of
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 14
assigned errors are omitted from the record, the reviewing court has
nothing to pass upon and thus, as to those assigned errors, the court has
no choice but to presume the validity of the lower court's proceedings, and
affirm.” (Footnote omitted.)
Id. at 199, 400 N.E.2d 384.
{¶38} Without a complete record of the hearings in the trial court, we presume
that the omitted hearings support the trial court’s decision and that the trial court’s
sentencing on the charges complies with applicable rules and sentencing statutes. The
sentence was within the statutory sentencing range. In the case at bar, the trial court’s
February 21, 2014 sentencing entry states it has considered the factors set forth in R.C.
2929.12.
{¶39} We further note that in the case at bar, the court had the benefit of a pre-
sentence investigation report. We also note that we do not know the specific contents of
the pre-sentence investigation report as appellant did not make them a part of the
record. In State v. Untied, 5th Dist. Muskingum. No. CT97-0018, 1998 WL
401768(March 5, 1998), we addressed the issue of failure to include the pre-sentence
investigation report and stated:
Appellate review contemplates that the entire record be presented.
App. R. 9. When portions of the transcript necessary to resolve issues are
not part of the record, we must presume regularity in the trial court
proceedings and affirm. Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories (1980), 61 Ohio
St. 2d 197, 400 N.E. 2d 384. The pre-sentence investigation report could
have been submitted “under seal” for our review.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 15
Without the cited information and given the trial court (sic) findings
on the record, we cannot say appellant’s sentence was against the
manifest weight of the evidence, or ‘contrary to law’.” Id. at 7. See also,
State v. Mills (September 25, 2003), 5th Dist. No. 03-COA-001 at
paragraph, 13-15.
Accord, State v. Slack, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 11 COA 040, 2012-Ohio-2081.
{¶40} There is no evidence in the record that the judge acted unreasonably by,
for example, selecting the sentence arbitrarily, basing the sentence on impermissible
factors, failing to consider pertinent factors, or giving an unreasonable amount of weight
to any pertinent factor. We find nothing in the record of Hale's case to suggest that his
sentence was based on an arbitrary distinction that would violate the Due Process
Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
{¶41} Because the record before us is incomplete, this court must presume the
regularity of the trial court proceedings. Based upon the record before this Court, this
Court cannot find the trial court abused its discretion or violated Hale's constitutional
rights.
{¶42} Hale’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
Perry County, Case No. 14-CA-00014 16
{¶43} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas,
Perry County, Ohio, is affirmed.
By Gwin, P.J.,
Farmer, J., and
Wise, J., concur