[Cite as State v. Jones, 2016-Ohio-2777.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
FAYETTE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. CA2015-05-012
: OPINION
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:
TRAVIS D. JONES, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM FAYETTE COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
Case No. CRI20150036
Jess C. Weade, Fayette County Prosecuting Attorney, John M. Scott, Jr. 110 East Court
Street, Washington C.H., Ohio 43160, for plaintiff-appellee
Shannon M. Treynor, 63 North Main Street, P.O. Box 735, London, Ohio 43140, for
defendant-appellant
HENDRICKSON, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Travis D. Jones, appeals his felony conviction in the
Fayette County Common Pleas Court for domestic violence with two prior domestic violence
convictions. For the reasons that follow, we affirm his conviction.
{¶ 2} On Valentine's Day in 2015, appellant kicked his mother, Julianne Robinson, in
the chest and tried to stab her with a knife, and then beat her husband (appellant’s
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stepfather), Richard Robinson, in the presence of police. Julianne provided police with a
written statement alleging appellant assaulted her.
{¶ 3} By the time of appellant's trial, appellant's mother had recanted her allegations
against appellant and changed her story. The trial court called her to the stand as the court's
witness and permitted the state to treat her as a hostile witness. Appellant's mother testified
that, on the date in question, she "wasn't in a very good" mood due to her "bipolar
depression" and the fact that she had been off her medications for seven days resulted in her
"terrorizing everybody." She also stated, at one point, she threw appellant's cat against a
wall and went after appellant with a hammer. She denied that appellant had shoved her into
the door, explaining when appellant and her brother, Walter Aills, took the hammer out of her
hand, she fell back into the veneer door, breaking its hinges. According to the mother's new
version, she went after appellant again after she had been set down in a chair, this time with
a heavy cane, and then grabbed a butcher knife off the kitchen counter. She testified that
when appellant and her brother got the knife away from her, she ran out of the door where
she saw Detective David Page. Appellant's mother stated she did not see appellant strike his
stepfather and only recalls appellant being apprehended by police. She also testified that
she was sick on the day in question and did not remember making a written statement.
{¶ 4} Detective Page testified that upon arrival he saw a female slam open the back
door and heard her scream "he's going to kill me," and then saw appellant chasing the
female with a knife, which he was holding in a "striking position." The female was later
identified as appellant's mother. When appellant made eye contact with Detective Page, he
dropped the knife, ignored commands to stop, and ran back into the house. When Detective
Page went towards the rear of the house, he saw appellant re-emerge from the house,
charge another male in the front yard, and begin to strike him. Detective Page later identified
the male that appellant had charged and struck as appellant's stepfather. He further testified
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that when he came over to appellant, appellant "already had his hands behind his back[,]"
apparently, in the expectation that he would be handcuffed. Detective Page then saw
appellant's mother "go over the back of one of [his] officers, Patrolman Jean Boone, now
Jean Bowling, and hit [appellant] in the head[.]"
{¶ 5} Patrolman Bowling took the stand and stated that when she arrived at the
scene, appellant's stepfather told her that she "better bring more help." When Patrolman
Bowling saw appellant run out of the front door of the house, she "yelled for him to stop[,]"
but he refused to do so, and instead, ran over to his stepfather, knocked him to the ground,
and then started striking him with his fist. She then stated she ran over to appellant and his
stepfather where, at first, appellant took a "squared off stance," looking like he was about to
strike, but then "just turned around" and said, "go ahead and take me in Ms. Boone."
Patrolman Bowling testified that she took hold of appellant's arms, but when she did,
appellant's mother jumped on her back in an apparent attempt to strike appellant. Later,
when Patrolman Bowling entered the family's home, she found the kitchen in disarray, with
couch cushions on the floor, a broken chair, and a bi-fold door that was broken off its hinges.
She testified that appellant's mother kept saying "look at what he's done."
{¶ 6} Appellant called one witness to the stand, his uncle, Walter Aills, who testified,
on the day in question, appellant's mother was "on a rampage," and that this behavior was
normal for her. He stated that when he heard things being broken in the kitchen and went to
investigate, he saw appellant's mother and stepfather in an argument, "shoving and slapping
each other around." Aills further testified that appellant, who had been sitting in another
room, came into the kitchen and grabbed hold of his stepfather. Aills claimed he helped
appellant disarm his mother by taking the hammer away from her, but that appellant's mother
then picked up a butcher knife and appellant upended a kitchen table trying to get the knife
from her. Aills stated he did not see appellant "do anything trying to injure his mother" and it
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was normal for appellant's mother and the "whole family" to engage in type of this behavior.
{¶ 7} The jury acquitted appellant on charges of felonious assault, domestic violence,
and aggravated menacing against his mother, but convicted him of domestic violence with
two prior domestic violence convictions against his stepfather. At appellant's sentencing
hearing, the trial court noted that, at the time of the offense, appellant was being supervised
on postrelease control. The trial court sentenced appellant to 30 months in prison for his
conviction of domestic violence and an additional prison term of two years, six months, and
20 days for violating the terms of his postrelease control, and ordered him to serve both
sentences consecutively.
{¶ 8} Appellant now appeals and assigns the following as error:
{¶ 9} Assignment of Error No. 1:
{¶ 10} THE COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO INCLUDE A JURY INSTRUCTION FOR
THE LESSER INCLUDED OFFENSE OF DISORDERLY CONDUCT.
{¶ 11} Assignment of Error No. 2:
{¶ 12} THE JURY'S VERDICT OF GUILTY AS TO COUNT II WAS NOT
SUPPORTED BY SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE AND WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT
OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 13} Assignment of Error No. 3:
{¶ 14} THE COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY IMPOSING A PRISON
SENTENCE FOR A FELONY CONVICTION WHILE THE DEFENDANT WAS ON POST
RELEASE CONTROL.
{¶ 15} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court erred by not
instructing the jury on the lesser included offense of minor misdemeanor disorderly conduct.
We disagree with this argument.
{¶ 16} Jury instructions are matters that rest within the trial court's sound discretion,
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and a trial court's refusal to provide the jury with a requested instruction is reviewed under an
abuse-of-discretion standard. State v. Wyatt, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2010-07-171, 2011-
Ohio-3427, ¶ 29. A trial court does not abuse its discretion unless its decision is
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. State v. Wolons, 44 Ohio St. 3d 64, 68 (1989).
{¶ 17} A trial court is required to give a requested jury instruction on a lesser included
offense "only where the evidence presented at trial would reasonably support both an
acquittal on the crime charged and a conviction on the lesser included offense." Wyatt at ¶
30. A trial court is not required to give such an instruction "simply because the defendant
offers 'some evidence' to establish the lesser-included offense." Id. "Instead, there must be
'sufficient evidence' to 'allow a jury to reasonably reject the greater offense and find the
defendant guilty on a lesser included (or inferior-degree) offense." (Emphasis sic.) Wyatt,
quoting State v. Anderson, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2005-06-156, 2006-Ohio-2714, ¶ 11,
quoting State v. Shane, 63 Ohio St.3d 630, 632-633 (1992). In determining whether the
instruction was required, the trial court must view the evidence in a light most favorable to the
defendant. Wyatt, citing State v. Braylock, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-08-1433, 2010-Ohio-4722, ¶
33, citing State v. Smith, 89 Ohio St.3d 323, 331 (2000).
{¶ 18} "Disorderly conduct" is defined in R.C. 2917.11 to prohibit any person from
"recklessly caus[ing] inconvenience, annoyance, or alarm to another" by doing any of the
acts listed in division (A)(1)-(5) of that section. R.C. 2917.11(A)(1) prohibits persons from
"[e]ngaging in fighting, in threatening harm to persons or property, or in violent or turbulent
behavior[.]" Disorderly conduct is a minor misdemeanor, unless the offender engages in
certain additional conduct, such as committing the offense in the presence of a law
enforcement officer, in which case the offense is elevated to a fourth-degree misdemeanor.
R.C. 2917.11(E)(3)(c).
{¶ 19} This court has held that "disorderly conduct under R.C. 2917.11(A)(1) is a
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lesser included offense of domestic violence under R.C. 2919.25(A)." State v. Berry, 12th
Dist. Warren No. CA2006-11-133, 2007-Ohio-7082, ¶ 20, citing City of Shaker Heights v.
Mosely, 113 Ohio St.3d 329, 2007-Ohio-2072, ¶ 20 ("minor misdemeanor disorderly conduct
under R.C. 2917.11[A][1] is a lesser included offense of domestic violence under * * * R.C.
2919.25[C]"); and State v. Burgess, 79 Ohio App.3d 584, 588 (12th Dist.1992). However,
even if minor misdemeanor disorderly conduct under R.C. 2917.11(A)(1) is a lesser included
offense of domestic violence under R.C. 2919.25(A) and (D)(4), appellant still cannot prevail
on his claim, because there was insufficient evidence presented to allow the jury to
reasonably reject the greater offense of domestic violence and find appellant guilty on the
lesser included offense of minor misdemeanor disorderly conduct. Anderson, 2006-Ohio-
2714 at ¶ 11.
{¶ 20} Appellant contends that an instruction on the lesser included offense of
disorderly conduct was warranted in this case because there was no evidence that he
caused harm or was attempting to cause harm to his stepfather, since his stepfather did not
testify at trial and there was no physical evidence of injury or harm to his stepfather.
However, the record shows that the state presented ample evidence to prove that appellant
caused his stepfather physical harm.
{¶ 21} The evidence before the jury included testimony from Sergeant Page and
Patrolman Bowling who testified that they saw appellant attack his stepfather, taking him to
the ground, and striking him repeatedly with his fist. Sergeant Page testified that appellant's
stepfather "had a big goose knot that was already red." Patrolman Bowling testified that
appellant's stepfather told her at the time of the incident that "he had some leg pain from
falling to the ground" and "a contusion on his head." Courts have held that "[e]ven a minor
injury * * * constitutes physical harm for purposes of the domestic violence statute[.]" State v.
Maynard, 4th Dist. Washington No. 10CA43, 2012-Ohio-786, ¶ 30, quoting State v. Marrero,
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10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-344, 2011-Ohio-1390, ¶ 72. Appellant "unquestionably caused
physical harm" to his stepfather, and by so doing, "necessarily elevated the seriousness of
[his] conduct[,]" and "[t]herefore, the jury could not have reasonably convicted him of
disorderly conduct instead of domestic violence." Maynard.
{¶ 22} In light of the foregoing, appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 23} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues his conviction for domestic
violence with two priors was not supported by sufficient evidence and was against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 24} When considering a sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenge, an appellate court
examines the evidence in order to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would
convince the average mind of the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v.
Kinsworthy, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2013-06-053, 2014-Ohio-1584, ¶ 52. The relevant
inquiry is "whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution,
any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond
a reasonable doubt." State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus. "When evaluating the sufficiency of the evidence, this court defers to the trier of
fact regarding questions of credibility." State v. Kirkland, 140 Ohio St.3d 73, 2014-Ohio-
1966, ¶ 132.
{¶ 25} When considering a manifest-weight-of-the-evidence challenge, an appellate
court must review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences to be
drawn from it, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether in resolving
conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly "lost its way" and created such a "manifest
miscarriage of justice" that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered. State v.
Graves, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2015-03-022, 2015-Ohio-3936, ¶ 18. "[W]hile appellate
review includes the responsibility to consider the credibility of witnesses and weight given to
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the evidence, 'these issues are primarily matters for the trier of fact to decide.'" Id. at ¶ 19,
quoting State v. Barnes, 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2010-06-009, 2011-Ohio-5226, ¶ 81.
Therefore, an appellate court will overturn a conviction on the basis that it is against the
manifest weight of the evidence only in extraordinary circumstances when the evidence
presented at trial weighs heavily in favor of acquittal. Id., citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 387 (1997).
{¶ 26} R.C. 2919.25(A) provides that "[n]o person shall knowingly cause or attempt to
cause physical harm to a family or household member." Former R.C. 2901.22(B), which was
in effect at the time of the offense at issue in this case, states that "[a] person acts knowingly,
regardless of purpose, when he is aware that his conduct will probably cause a certain result
or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances when he is
aware that such circumstances probably exist."1
{¶ 27} In support of his claim that his conviction for domestic violence is against the
sufficiency and manifest weight of the evidence, appellant highlights the fact that his
stepfather, who is the alleged victim in this case, did not testify at trial. He points out that (1)
the police took no photographs of his stepfather's alleged injury; (2) two of the four witnesses
who testified about the incident did not observe any altercation between appellant and his
stepfather; and (3) one of the officers at the scene (Patrolman Bowling) testified that
appellant's behavior at the time of the incident seemed "calm" and "relaxed." Appellant
1. R.C. 2901.22(B) was amended, effective March 23, 2015, and now provides as follows:
(B) A person acts knowingly, regardless of purpose, when the person is aware
that the person's conduct will probably cause a certain result or will probably be
of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances when the
person is aware that such circumstances probably exist. When knowledge of
the existence of a particular fact is an element of an offense, such knowledge
is established if a person subjectively believes that there is a high probability of
its existence and fails to make inquiry or acts with a conscious purpose to
avoid learning the fact.
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concludes by asserting that "there is not one shred of evidence in the record that [he]
caused, or intended to cause, physical harm" to his stepfather, and therefore, his conviction
is against the both the sufficiency and weight of the evidence. We disagree with this
argument.
{¶ 28} Both Sergeant Page and Patrolman Bowling testified they saw appellant assault
his stepfather by charging him and knocking him to the ground, and then striking him with his
closed fist. Sergeant Page testified he observed redness and swelling on the top of
appellant's stepfather's head, which the officer described as a "big goose knot that was
already red." Patrolman Bowling testified that, at the time of the incident, appellant's
stepfather told her that he had a contusion on his head and indicated he had some leg pain
from falling to the ground. Patrolman Bowling did testify appellant "actually relaxed" upon
seeing her at the scene, but shortly after that, she testified, from her past experience in
dealing with him, appellant was "emotionally charged" when she saw him running out of the
house, at which point he charged his stepfather and then struck him with his fist.
{¶ 29} The clear purpose of someone who strikes another with his or her fists is to
inflict harm or attempt to inflict harm, which appellant did, as reflected in the testimony of
Sergeant Page and Patrolman Bowling. Additionally, it was not necessary for appellant's
stepfather, who was the victim in this case, to testify, since there were at least two
eyewitnesses, both police officers, who testified to the assault.
{¶ 30} Given the foregoing, appellant's second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 31} In his third assignment of error, appellant argues the trial court "abused its
discretion" by imposing an additional prison sentence on him, pursuant to R.C.
2929.141(A)(1), for his felony conviction of domestic violence while he was on postrelease
control. He asserts the trial court failed to consider the purposes and principles of felony
sentencing in R.C. 2929.11(A) and (B), which direct sentencing courts to punish an offender
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by using the "minimum sanctions" necessary to achieve the purposes of felony sentencing.
He points out the trial court not only failed to employ the minimum sanction available to it in
sentencing him under R.C. 2929.141(A), it imposed the maximum sentence against him
"without even drawing any guidance from "similarly situated offenses or offenders." He
contends the trial court's sentencing decision is even more troubling given that "there was no
victim to consider a victim impact statement from," there was no visible injury to the victim,
and his mother was the "primary instigator" of the incident."
{¶ 32} R.C. 2929.141(A)(1) states as follows:
(A) Upon the conviction of or plea of guilty to a felony by a
person on post-release control at the time of the commission of
the felony, the court may terminate the term of post-release
control, and the court may do either of the following regardless of
whether the sentencing court or another court of this state
imposed the original prison term for which the person is on post-
release control:
(1) In addition to any prison term for the new felony, impose a
prison term for the post-release control violation. The maximum
prison term for the violation shall be the greater of twelve months
or the period of post-release control for the earlier felony minus
any time the person has spent under post-release control for the
earlier felony. In all cases, any prison term imposed for the
violation shall be reduced by any prison term that is
administratively imposed by the parole board as a post-release
control sanction. A prison term imposed for the violation shall be
served consecutively to any prison term imposed for the new
felony. The imposition of a prison term for the post-release
control violation shall terminate the period of post-release control
for the earlier felony.
(2) Impose a sanction under sections 2929.15 to 2929.18 of the
Revised Code for the violation that shall be served concurrently
or consecutively, as specified by the court, with any community
control sanctions for the new felony.
{¶ 34} Here, the trial court, pursuant to R.C. 2929.141(A)(1), elected to terminate
appellant's postrelease control and impose the time remaining thereon, which was two years,
six months, and 20 days. The trial court then ordered appellant to serve his prison term for
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violating his postrelease control consecutive to his prison term for his conviction of domestic
violence, as the court was required to do, under R.C. 2929.141(A)(1).
{¶ 35} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) governs all felony sentences. State v. Crawford, 12th Dist.
Clermont No. CA2012-12-088, 2013-Ohio-3315, ¶ 6. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) provides that when
hearing an appeal of a trial court's felony sentencing decision, "the appellate court may
increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence that is appealed under this section or may
vacate the sentence and remand the matter to the sentencing court for resentencing." R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) explicitly states that "[t]he appellate court's standard for review is not whether
the sentencing court abused its discretion." Instead, R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) provides that an
appellate court may take action authorized under that section only if the court "clearly and
convincingly" finds that the sentence is "contrary to law." A sentence is not clearly and
convincingly contrary to law where the trial court considers the purposes and principles of
felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11, as well as the seriousness and recidivism factors listed in
R.C. 2929.12, and sentences the offender within the permissible statutory range. State v.
Elliott, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2009-03-020, 2009-Ohio-5926, ¶ 10.
{¶ 36} During the pendency of this appeal, the Ohio Supreme Court issued its decision
in State v. Marcum, Slip Op. Nos. 2014-1825, 2014-2122, __ Ohio St.3d __, 2016-Ohio-
1002, ¶ 10 in which the court confirmed that "appellate courts may not apply the abuse-of-
discretion standard in sentencing-term challenges." Later in its decision, the court stated at ¶
22-23:
In the final analysis, we hold that R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(a) compels
appellate courts to modify or vacate sentences if they find by
clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support
any relevant findings under "division (B) or (D) of section
2929.13, division (B)(2)(e) or (C)(4) of section 2929.14, or
division (I) of section 2929.20 of the Revised Code." See State v.
Belew, 140 Ohio St.3d 221, 2014-Ohio-2964, 17 N.E.3d 515, ¶
12 (Lanzinger, J., dissenting from the decision to dismiss the
appeal as having been improvidently accepted) ("R.C.
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2953.08(G)(2) repudiates the abuse-of-discretion standard in
favor of appellate review that upholds a sentence unless the
court of appeals clearly and convincingly finds that the record
does not support the trial court's findings").
***
We note that some sentences do not require the findings that
R.C. 2953.08(G) specifically addresses. Nevertheless, it is fully
consistent for appellate courts to review those sentences that are
imposed solely after consideration of the factors in R.C. 2929.11
and 2929.12 under a standard that is equally deferential to the
sentencing court. That is, an appellate court may vacate or
modify any sentence that is not clearly and convincingly contrary
to law only if the appellate court finds by clear and convincing
evidence that the record does not support the sentence.
{¶ 37} Here, the trial court properly imposed the maximum sentence on appellant for
committing a felony while he was on postrelease control, since appellant violently attacked
his stepfather, was convicted by a jury of a felony while he was on postrelease control, and
has two prior domestic-violence convictions. Appellant's actions clearly indicate that he is not
amenable to community control sanctions, since he cannot control his violent tendencies and
aggressions. Additionally, the trial court stated that it considered the statutory provisions in
R.C. 2929.11, which discusses the purposes and principles of felony sentencing, and R.C.
2929.12, which lists seriousness and recidivism factors, and the trial court sentenced
appellant within the permissible statutory range. Elliott. Further, the sentence that the trial
court imposed on appellant for his postrelease control violation was authorized under R.C.
2929.141(A)(1). Consequently, appellant's sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary
to law, and the record supports the trial court's decision to sentence appellant as it did.
Marcum at ¶ 24.
{¶ 38} Accordingly, appellant's third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 39} Judgment affirmed.
PIPER, P.J., and RINGLAND, J., concur.
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State v. Jones
Combined Opinion