No. 13309
I N THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF M N A A
O T N
1977
STATE O MONTANA,
F
P l a i n t i f f and R e s p o n d e n t ,
LELAND (TOBY) PIICKELSON,
D e f e n d a n t and A p p e l l a n t .
A p p e a l from: D i s t r i c t Court of t h e Third J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t ,
H o n o r a b l e R o b e r t J . Boyd, J u d g e p r e s i d i n g .
C o u n s e l o f Record:
For Appellant:
W i l l i a m A. B r o l i n a r g u e d , Anaconda, Montana
For Respondent :
Hon. Mike G r e e l y , A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l , H e l e n a , Montana
Mayo A s h l e y a r g u e d , A s s i s t a n t A t t o r n e y G e n e r a l ,
H e l e n a , Montana
J o s e p h C o n n o r s , County A t t o r n e y , Anaconda, Montana
Submitted: March 2 2 , 1977
Decided: JUN - (3 197-f
Filed: d
JN -3 1 &
$a
M r . J u s t i c e Gene B , Daly d e l i v e r e d t h e Opinion of t h e Court.
This i s an appeal from a judgment of g u i l t y of felony t h e f t
i n v i o l a t i o n of s e c t i o n 94-6-302(1), R.C.M. 1947, by t h e d i s t r i c t
c o u r t , Deer Lodge County, s i t t i n g without a jury.
The s t a t e agrees with t h e f a c t s presented by defendant i n
h i s b r i e f on appeal which include:
"The Information a l l e g e d t h a t :
'I40n o r about October 6 , 1974, i n Deer Lodge County,
Montana, t h e defendant, Toby Mickelson, purposely o r
knowingly obtained o r exerted unauthorized c o n t r o l over
property, a 1972 Chevrolet pickup, gold with white t r i m ,
V I N Number CCE142Z135099, of a value of more than $150.00,
owned by Thompson's Motor Company, and purposely o r knowingly
used, concealed o r abandoned t h e property i n such manner
a s t o deprive t h e owner of t h e property which was i n v i o l a -
t i o n of t h e above s t a t u t e and a g a i n s t t h e peace and d i g n i t y
of t h e S t a t e of Montana."'
Section 94-6-302(1), R.C.M. 1947, s t a t e s :
"(1) A person commits t h e offense of t h e f t when he
purposely o r knowingly o b t a i n s o r e x e r t s unauthor-
ized c o n t r o l over property of t h e owner, and:
" ( a ) has t h e purpose of depriving t h e owner of t h e
property; o r
"(b) purposely o r knowingly u s e s , conceals, o r
abandons t h e property i n such manner a s t o deprive t h e
owner of t h e property; o r
" ( c ) uses, conceals, o r abandons t h e property knowing
such use, concealment o r abandonment probably w i l l deprive
t h e owner of t h e property,"
O June 15, 1975, nine months a f t e r t h e a l l e g e d t h e f t , Toby
n
Michelson, t h e defendant, was a r r e s t e d . O June 25, 1975, an
n
Information was f i l e d i n t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t charging defendant with
theft. The public defender of Deer Lodge County was appointed
a s counsel f o r defendant. The Information l i s t e d t h e names of
witnesses, f i v e i n number: B i l l Rhoades, Joe Thompson, Eugene
Thompson, Gary Jacobs, and Anthony Bamonte.
O September 8, 1975 defendant f i l e d h i s n o t i c e of i n t e n t
n
t o r e l y on t h e defense of a l i b i , which n o t i c e contained t h e names
of various witnesses upon whom defendant intended t o r e l y t o
e s t a b l i s h h i s defense. Included i n t h a t l i s t was one F o r e s t Walter
of Polson, Montana. The county a t t o r n e y thereupon f i l e d an a l t e r -
n a t i v e motion t o s t r i k e t h e defense of a l i b i a s being untimely,
o r t o continue t h e t r i a l d a t e of September 15, 1 9
The c o u r t allowed t h e defense and continued t h e t r i a l d a t e
u n t i l January 5 , 1976. On December 31, 1975, t h e s t a t e requested
another continuance based on t h e u n a v a i l a b i l i t y of witness William
Rhoades, because of h e a l t h . Rhoades was t h e witness t h e s t a t e a l l e g e d
purchased t h e s t o l e n pickup from defendant. ~hoades"testimony was
continued, however t h e t r i a l commenced a s scheduled. The matter
was submitted t o t h e c o u r t on January 19, 1976. O January 23, 1976,
n
t h e c o u r t entered judgment finding defendant g u i l t y ; motion f o r a
new t r i a l was denied and defendant t h e r e a f t e r f i l e d t h i s appeal.
Owner Thompson t e s t i f i e d h i s t r u c k was missing from h i s l o t
October 7 , 1974, and l a t e r was located i n t h e s t a t e of Washington
i n t h e possession of B i l l Rhoades i n November.
Dan Gochanour t e s t i f i e d he met defendant i n Polson, Montana
around t h e f i r s t of October on a weekend o r a Monday. Defendant was
d r i v i n g a 1972 Chevrolet t r u c k , t h e same a s t h e one i n q u e s t i o n here.
He and defendant went t o defendant's s i s t e r ' s home i n Wallace, Idaho,
where defendant t o l d him how he s t o l e t h e t r u c k from Thompson Motors.
Then he and defendant went t o Winthrop, Washington and picked apples
f o r one "Ed Bryan". Three o r four weeks l a t e r they went t o t h e home
of M r . & Mrs. B i l l Rhoades a t Metaline F a l l s , Washington. There
defendant purchased mirrors f o r t h e t r u c k and traded it t o B i l l
Rhoades f o r a Dodge.
Marlin Gochanour t e s t i f i e d he knew defendant who s t a y e d over-
n i g h t a t ''about t h e time of t h e pickup." Defendant drove a g o l d
and w h i t e 1972 Chevrolet pickup i n t o t h e w i t n e s s ' yard. Defendant
had a n o t h e r pickup i n t h e yard b u t Marlin could n o t a f f i r m t h e p l a t e s
were switched. He could n o t f i x a d a t e even a s t o t h e month when
he saw d e f e n d a n t , e x c e p t i t was a weekend. The s t a t e r e c e i v e d a
week's continuance f o r w i t n e s s Rhoades' testimony b u t r e s t e d t h e
following week a s w i t n e s s Rhoades passed away.
Defendant t e s t i f i e d :
1. That a t no time d i d he e v e r have i n h i s p o s s e s s i o n a gold
and w h i t e 1972 Chevrolet pickup.
2. That he had owned a 1971 Chevrolet pickup b l u e and w h i t e i n
c o l o r , which was s o l d t o c r a f t ' s Conoco i n Missoula.
3. That when t h e b l u e and w h i t e pickup was s o l d t o c r a f t ' s
Conoco t h e l i c e n s e p l a t e s were l e f t on t h e t r u c k , a l o n g w i t h t h e
registration.
4. That h e purchased from C r a f t a t t h e same time he s o l d h i s
pickup, a 1968 Chevrolet c o n v e r t i b l e which he kept about two weeks
and t h e n t r a d e d C r a f t a g a i n , t h i s time f o r a w h i t e '67 Plymouth
automobile. These t r a n s a c t i o n s occurred approximately i n June
1974.
5. That on October 6 , 1974 he was i n Polson, Montana w i t h
F o r e s t Walter.
6. That w i t n e s s D a n i e l Gochanour was n o t a t F o r e s t W a l t e r ' s
r e s i d e n c e i n Polson on October 6 , 1974.
7. That w i t n e s s D a n i e l Gochanour d i d n o t accompany him (de-
f e n d a n t ) t o t h e s t a t e of Washington, s t o p p i n g a t h i s s i s t e r ' s home
i n Wallace, Idaho.
8. That he l e f t Polson a week and a h a l f a f t e r October 6 , 1974
f o r t h e s t a t e of Washington i n a w h i t e ' 6 7 Plymouth automobile i n
t h e company of one Howard White.
9. That he returned t o Montana from Washington t h e following
s p r i n g (1975) with a white '67 Plymouth and s o l d t h e c a r t o Dale
Combs.
10. That he saw a pickup, otherwise u n i d e n t i f i e d , i n t h e
garage owned by B i l l Rhoades e a r l y i n November 1974 b u t he d i d not
s e l l a c a r nor pickup t o B i l l Rhoades, nor d i d he g e t one from him,
11. That B i l l Rhoades' wife i s t h e mother of Daniel Gochanour
and formerly was married t o Merlin Gochanour. Mrs. Rhoades i s a
s i s t e r t o h i s former wife (defendant's) and t h a t bad f e e l i n g s e x i s t
between defendant and t h e Gochanours.
A t t h i s point of t h e t r i a l defendant endeavored t o introduce an
a f f i d a v i t from F o r e s t Walter i n t o evidence, and upon o b j e c t i o n of
t h e s t a t e being s u s t a i n e d , defendant moved f o r a continuance t o
allow a subpoena t o i s s u e and be served r e q u i r i n g t h e attendance of
t h i s witness. The motion was granted and t h e t r i a l was again
recessed u n t i l January 1 9 , 1976.
O January 14, 1976, t h e s t a t e f i l e d a document e n t i t l e d
n
'!Notice of Additional Witnesses" i n which defendant was apprised
of t h e s t a t e ' s i n t e n t t o c a l l Mrs, William Rhoades of Hot Springs,
Montana, a s an a d d i t i o n a l witness f o r t h e prosecution.
Upon t r i a l reconvening on January 19, t h e c o u r t d i r e c t e d t h e
county a t t o r n e y t o secure a bench warrant f o r t h e a r r e s t of F o r e s t
Walter f o r contempt of c o u r t , a s being unavailable t o t h e defendant
a s d i r e c t e d by t h e subpoena issued and served.
A t t h e request of t h e defense a t t o r n e y t h e c o u r t allowed t h e
defendant t o personally address t h e c o u r t . Defendant f i r s t r a i s e d
t h e question of l a c k of speedy t r i a l and then requested t h e c o u r t
t o appoint a new lawyer. The c o u r t denied both requests. The de-
fendant then, through h i s a t t o r n e y , moved f o r d i s m i s s a l f o r f a i l u r e
t o e s t a b l i s h a prima f a c i e case. The motion was denied. Thereafter
defendant t e s t i f i e d :
12. That he was n o t a t t h e home of N e r l i n Gochanour o r i n
Anaconda a t any time on October 5 , 6 , o r 7 , 1974.
13. He denied t e l l i n g Daniel Gochanour t h a t he, t h e defendant,
broke a window from t h e pickup, crossed t h e wires and s t o l e t h e
truck. He denied buying any m i r r o r s , denied s t a y i n g a t t h e ~ h o a d e s '
residence except f o r a h a l f hour, denied going t o a b a r w i t h B i l l
Rhoades f o r a d r i n k , and denied ever having seen t h e s t o l e n pickup.
Without being a b l e t o introduce any f u r t h e r testimony because
of t h e f a i l u r e of witness F o r e s t Walter t o appear, t h e defense r e s t e d .
The s t a t e r e c a l l e d Daniel Gochanour a s a r e b u t t a l witness, he
testified:
1. That he was i n Polson on October 6 , 1974, r e s i d i n g with
F o r e s t Walter, h i s wife and family.
2. That he was involved with a u t o r e p a i r work f o r F o r e s t
Walter;,
3. That defendant Michelson d i d n o t work f o r F o r e s t Walter
on t h e days of October 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7 , 1974. That defendant a r r i v e d
i n Polson on October 7 , 1974. The witness Daniel Gochanour then
g e n e r a l l y gave t h e same testimony on going t o Washington, t h a t he
previously gave.
F i r s t , we s t a r t t h i s discussion with t h e a f f i d a v i t of Forest
Walter, defendant's proposed Exhibit B , dated August 11, 1975, a t
Polson, Montana. Although n o t admitted, i t s e t s f o r t h t h a t de-
fendant and Howard White spent October 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , and 7, 1974, with
F o r e s t Walter f i x i n g a 1940 Chevrolet pickup t r u c k and defendant
was d r i v i n g a 1967 white Plymouth c a r .
Second, we have i n t h e record f o r t h e s t a t e t h e two Gochanours'
testimony, which i s f a r from unbiased, considering t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p ,
to
t e s t i f i e d / b y the defendant and unrebutteii by t h e ; - s t a t e . Thompson
was j u s t a corpus d e l e c t i witness and t h u s t h i s proved only t h e
v e h i c l e was s t o l e n .
Third, we have t h e two witnesses, William Rhoades and F o r e s t
Walter, who could have c l e a r e d up t h e m a t t e r , but t h e power of t h e
s t a t e could n o t g e t them t o c o u r t .
Defendant denied each and every f a c t i n t h e record a g a i n s t him
and gave t h e names of raft'^ Conoco, Missoula; B i l l Combs, Polson;
Howard White; and of course Mrs. Rhoades and Mrs. F o r e s t Walter,
a l l of whom could have been c a l l e d t o determine t h e t r u t h . This
was never done. The search f o r t r u t h was l e s s than vigorous by
counsel i n t h i s matter and t h i s w r i t e r f e e l s t h a t , p a r t i c u l a r l y
on a bench t r i a l , t h e judge has t h e inherent power, r i g h t and yes,
duty, t o sua sponte demand'that a search f o r t h e t r u t h be exhausted
before t h e matter be accepted f o r decision. Otherwise, t h e defendant,
a s h e r e , has been denied a f a i r t r i a l and due process under A r t . 11,
S e c t i o n 24, 1972 Montana Constitution.
The judgment of t h e t r i a l court i s reversed and t h e cause
Chief J u s t i c e
State v. Michelson
Combined Opinion