[Cite as State v. Phillips, 2022-Ohio-375.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
STATE OF OHIO, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 110526
v. :
ANDRE DA VONNE PHILLIPS, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: DISMISSED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: February 10, 2022
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-20-652625-A
Appearances:
Mary Elaine Hall, for appellant.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
Defendant-appellant, Andre Da Vonne Phillips (“Phillips”), appeals
from the trial court’s sentencing following his guilty plea. Phillips’s appointed
counsel filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396,
18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), seeking leave to withdraw as counsel. Following a review of
the record, we grant counsel’s motion to withdraw and dismiss the appeal.
Procedural History
On August 31, 2020, in Cuyahoga C.P. No. CR-20-652625-A, a
Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted Phillips on two counts of felonious assault in
violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1), one count of having weapons while under disability
in violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2), and one count of receiving stolen property in
violation of R.C. 2913.51(A). The counts carried various firearm, repeat violent
offender, notice of prior conviction, and forfeiture of a weapon specifications.
On March 1, 2021, Phillips voluntarily waived his right to a jury trial
and elected to proceed to a bench trial. Phillips executed a written jury-trial waiver
and orally waived his right to a trial by jury. The trial court found Phillips knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waived his rights to a trial by jury. On that same date,
Phillips’s appointed counsel filed a motion to withdraw and to appoint new counsel
citing a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship. The trial court granted
counsel’s motion and assigned new counsel.
On April 20, 2021, Phillips pleaded guilty to attempted felonious
assault, having weapons while under disability, and receiving stolen property in
addition to forfeiture specifications on each charge.
On May 19, 2021, the trial judge sentenced Phillips to 18 months on
both the attempted felonious assault and the having weapons while under disability
charges and one year on the receiving stolen property charge, to be served
concurrently, for an aggregate sentence of 18 months.
In the instant case, on May 25, 2021, Phillips filed his notice of appeal.
Based on the belief that no prejudicial error occurred below and that any grounds
for appeal would be frivolous, Phillips’s appointed counsel filed a motion to
withdraw pursuant to Anders, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967).
Phillips had an opportunity to file his own merit brief but declined to do so.
Legal Analysis
In Anders, the United States Supreme Court outlined a procedure for
counsel to withdraw due to the lack of any meritorious grounds for appeal.
Specifically, if after a conscientious examination of the record, counsel finds the
appeal to be wholly frivolous, he or she should advise the court and request
permission to withdraw. Id. at 744. Counsel’s request, however, must be
accompanied by a brief that references anything in the record that could arguably
support the appeal. Id. Counsel must also furnish his or her client with a copy of
the brief, and the court must provide the defendant sufficient time to file his or her
own pro se brief. Id.
Once these requirements are satisfied, the appellate court must
complete an independent examination of the trial court proceedings to determine
whether the case is “wholly frivolous.” Id. If the court’s independent review
demonstrates that a possible issue exists, the court must discharge current counsel
and appoint new counsel to prosecute the appeal. Id. On the other hand, if the court
determines the appeal is wholly frivolous, the appellate court will grant the motion
to withdraw and dismiss the appeal. Id.
This panel recognizes that some Eighth District Court of Appeals
judges have been criticizing the Anders approach adopted by this court. State v.
Ruffin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 109134 and 109135, 2020-Ohio-5085 (S. Gallagher,
J., dissenting); State v. Sims, 2019-Ohio-4975, 149 N.E.3d 1143 (8th Dist.) (Boyle,
J., dissenting) (both judges would find that the Eighth District should not accept
Anders briefs). Other districts have noted that the procedure specified in Anders is
a constitutional safeguard but not a constitutional requirement and, therefore,
declined to accept Anders briefs. State v. Wilson, 2017-Ohio-5772, 83 N.E.3d 942
(4th Dist.); State v. Wenner, 2018-Ohio-2590, 114 N.E.3d 800 (6th Dist.); State v.
Cruz-Ramos, 2018-Ohio-1583, 125 N.E.3d 193 (7th Dist.). Regardless of the other
districts’ approach and the criticisms from some Eighth District judges, this court
continues to follow the procedures announced in Anders. State v. Taylor, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 101368, 2015-Ohio-420; State v. Williams, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
107847, 2019-Ohio-3766; In re J.L., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109626, 2020-Ohio-
5254.
Here, we must consider whether to grant counsel’s request to
withdraw because any appeal would be wholly frivolous. Although Phillips’s
appointed counsel reviewed the record and concluded that no meritorious
arguments can be made on Phillips’s behalf, counsel presents three potential errors:
(1) whether Phillips executed a voluntary, knowing, and intelligent waiver of his
right to a jury trial; (2) whether Phillips’s counsel rendered ineffective assistance of
counsel when she may have confused him as to whether he was pleading to a felony
of the fourth degree or a felony of the third degree on the weapons while under
disability charge; and (3) whether the trial court properly notified Phillips of his
constitutional rights under Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c).
Waiver of Jury Trial
Counsel raises as a potential error that Phillips did not knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waive his right to a jury trial. We have conducted an
independent review of the record and agree with counsel that the record reflects
Phillips executed a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary waiver.
A criminal defendant has the right to a trial by jury according to the
Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Section 5, Article I of the
Ohio Constitution. A criminal defendant may waive his right to a jury trial as
specified in Crim.R. 23(A) and R.C. 2945.05.
Crim.R. 23(A) states, in pertinent part:
In serious offense cases the defendant before commencement of the
trial may knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waive in writing his
right to trial by jury * * *.
R.C. 2945.05 further clarifies the requirements to be met before a
criminal defendant may waive his right to a jury trial:
In all criminal cases pending in courts of record in this state, the
defendant may waive a trial by jury and be tried by the court without a
jury. Such waiver by a defendant, shall be in writing, signed by the
defendant, and filed in said cause and made a part of the record thereof.
It shall be entitled in the court and cause, and in substance as follows:
“I, defendant in the above cause, hereby voluntarily waive and
relinquish my right to a trial by jury, and elect to be tried by a Judge of
the Court in which the said cause may be pending. I fully understand
that under the laws of this state, I have a constitutional right to a trial
by jury.”
Such waiver of trial by jury must be made in open court after the
defendant has been arraigned and has had opportunity to consult with counsel.
Such waiver may be withdrawn by the defendant at any time before the
commencement of the trial. Absent strict compliance with the statutory
requirements, a trial court lacks jurisdiction to try a criminal defendant without a
jury. State v. Pless, 74 Ohio St.3d 333, 337, 658 N.E.2d 766 (1996).
Here, the trial court satisfied the requirements to effectuate a waiver
of Phillips’s right to a jury trial. Phillips signed a jury waiver form that complied
with R.C. 2945.05 and filed the waiver with the court. The trial court judge engaged
Phillips in a colloquy, in open court, regarding his request to waive a jury trial. A
review of the record demonstrates the colloquy was “extensive enough for the judge
to make a reasonable determination that the defendant ha[d] been advised and
[was] aware of the implications of voluntarily relinquishing a constitutional right.”
State v. Carothers, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82860, 2004-Ohio-51, ¶ 13. Thus,
Phillips made his waiver knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. Accordingly, we
agree with counsel that Phillips executed a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary
waiver of his right to a jury trial.
Additionally, once Phillips knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily
entered a guilty plea with the assistance of counsel, he was barred from raising
claims about deprivation of constitutional rights that occurred before he entered the
guilty plea. State v. Fitzpatrick, 102 Ohio St.3d 321, 2004-Ohio-3167, 810 N.E.2d
927, ¶ 78, quoting Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 267, 93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d
235 (1973).
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Counsel also raises as a potential error that Phillips’s trial counsel
rendered ineffective assistance of counsel when she created confusion about the
charges included in Phillips’s plea agreement. The record shows that Phillips
understood the charges to which he pleaded guilty.
The United States Supreme Court has recognized that “the right to
counsel is the right to effective assistance of counsel.” Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984).
To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show
that counsel’s performance was deficient when it fell below an objective standard of
reasonable representation and that the defendant was prejudiced by that
performance. State v. Hill, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106542, 2018-Ohio-4327, ¶ 21,
citing Strickland at 687-688. To show prejudice, the defendant must demonstrate
“that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors,
the result of the proceeding would have been different. A reasonable probability is
a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Strickland at 694.
In other words, “counsel’s errors must be so serious as to render the result of the
trial unreliable. In evaluating a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a court
must be mindful that there are countless ways for an attorney to provide effective
assistance in a given case, and it must give great deference to counsel’s
performance.” State v. Jamie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102103, 2015-Ohio-3583, ¶
24, citing Strickland at 689.
On April 20, 2021, the parties were before the court for a pretrial
hearing. The assistant prosecuting attorney who initially presented a plea
agreement to Phillips did not attend this pretrial hearing, but had another assistant
prosecuting attorney attend in his place. The assistant prosecuting attorney stated
in open court his understanding that Phillips would withdraw his former not guilty
pleas and enter the following pleas: guilty to amended Count 1, attempted felonious
assault, a felony of the third degree, including the forfeiture of weapon specification;
guilty to Count 3, having weapons while under disability, a felony of the third degree,
including the forfeiture of weapon specification; and guilty to Count 4, receiving
stolen property, a felony of the fourth degree, including the forfeiture of weapon
specification. The state agreed to nolle Count 2 and all other specifications related
to Counts 1, 3, and 4. The state also required that Phillips have no contact with the
victim and pay restitution in an amount to be determined at sentencing.
After hearing the assistant prosecuting attorney’s recitation of the
plea agreement, Phillips’s trial counsel indicated the summary did not mirror her
understanding of the plea agreement. Defense counsel understood that Phillips
would plead guilty to an amended Count 3, having weapons while under disability,
but believed the charge would be classified as a felony of the fourth degree rather
than a felony of the third degree. Phillips also believed the plea agreement included
an amended Count 3, whereby he would plead guilty to having weapons while under
disability, a felony of the fourth degree. In the middle of the pretrial hearing, the
assistant prosecuting attorney originally assigned to the case was contacted by
phone and confirmed that the plea agreement recited by his colleague at the pretrial
hearing reflected the terms previously offered to Phillips.
After receiving the assistant prosecuting attorney’s confirmation,
defense counsel voiced her concern that Phillips’s expectation was to plead guilty to
Count 3 as a felony of the fourth degree rather than as a felony of the third degree.
Defense counsel requested and the trial court granted her the opportunity to have a
private conversation with Phillips regarding his plea agreement. The trial court also
stated the hearing could be rescheduled for a later date if Phillips needed additional
time to consider the proposed plea. After defense counsel and Phillips conferred,
Phillips pled in conformance with the proposed plea agreement.
Defense counsel’s actions were not ineffective. Following a recess
with Phillips, and prior to Phillips entering a plea, defense counsel presumably
clarified and cured any misunderstanding regarding Count 3 of the proposed plea.
With an understanding of the proposed plea, Phillips voluntarily and knowingly
choose to enter a plea agreement. Defense counsel’s actions were not deficient.
Accordingly, Phillips has not established that he received ineffective assistance of
counsel.
Crim.R. 11
Counsel raises as a potential error that the trial court did not strictly
comply with Crim.R. 11 notifications rendering Phillips’s guilty plea invalid. The
record demonstrates that the court satisfied the requirements of Crim.R. 11 prior to
accepting the defendant’s guilty plea.
A criminal defendant’s plea must be made knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily and a failure to satisfy any of these requirements renders
enforcement of the plea unconstitutional under the United States Constitution and
the Ohio Constitution. State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450
(1996).
A trial court must strictly comply with the Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(c)
requirements that relate to the waiver of constitutional rights. State v. Veney, 120
Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 18. Before accepting a guilty
plea, the trial court must advise the defendant that his plea waives these
constitutional rights: (1) the right to a jury trial, (2) the right to confront one’s
accusers, (3) the right to compulsory process to obtain witnesses, (4) the right to
require the state to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and (5) the privilege
against compulsory self-incrimination. Id. at ¶ 31.
With respect to the nonconstitutional requirements of Crim.R. 11, set
forth in Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a) and (b), trial courts must show only substantial
compliance with the rule. Hill, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106542, 2018-Ohio-4327, at
¶ 8. “‘Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the circumstances the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.’” Id., quoting State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474 (1990).
Even where a trial court errs in attempting to comply with Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a),
substantial compliance occurs if it appears from the record, despite the trial court’s
error, that the defendant understood the effect of his plea and the waiver of his
rights. State v. Tutt, 2015-Ohio-5145, 54 N.E.3d 619, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.).
“The standard for reviewing whether the trial court accepted a plea in
compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) is a de novo standard of review.” State v. Cardwell,
8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92796, 2009-Ohio-6827, ¶ 26, citing State v. Stewart, 51
Ohio St.2d 86, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977). The appellate court must review the totality
of the circumstances and determine whether the plea hearing complied with Crim.R.
11(C). State v. Hudson-Bey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104245, 2016-Ohio-7722, ¶ 7.
A review of the record demonstrates the trial court’s strict compliance
with Crim.R. 11 constitutional notifications before accepting Phillips’s guilty plea.
The trial court advised Phillips about the constitutional rights he would waive by
pleading guilty, and Phillips acknowledged his understanding of those rights. The
trial court also demonstrated substantial compliance with the nonconstitutional
requirements of Crim.R. 11. The trial court informed Phillips of his
nonconstitutional rights, and Phillips indicated he understood the implications of
his plea and the rights he was waiving. The trial court satisfied the rigors of Crim.R.
11, and thereby ensured Phillips’s guilty plea was knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily made.
The record reflects that Phillips executed a knowing, intelligent, and
voluntary waiver of his right to a jury trial; Phillips’s counsel did not render
ineffective assistance of counsel; and the court met the Crim.R. 11 requirements
prior to accepting Phillips’s guilty plea. We agree with appointed counsel that any
error raised on appeal would be wholly frivolous. Thus, pursuant to Anders,
counsel’s request to withdraw is granted, and the appeal is dismissed.
Dismissed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27
of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J., and
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR
State v. Phillips
Combined Opinion