NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAY 23 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
STUDIO 1220, INC., a California No. 21-16066
corporation, on behalf of itself and all others
similarly situated, D.C. No. 3:20-cv-02892-VC
Plaintiff-Appellant,
MEMORANDUM*
and
INFORMATECH CONSULTING, INC.,
Plaintiff,
v.
INTRALINKS, INC., a Delaware
corporation,
Defendant-Appellee,
and
BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION;
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,
Defendants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Vince Chhabria, District Judge, Presiding
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Submitted May 19, 2022**
Pasadena, California
Before: OWENS and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and FITZWATER,*** District Judge.
Studio 1220, Inc. appeals the district court’s order under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 12(b)(6) dismissing its fraudulent concealment claim against Intralinks,
Inc. The district court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, and we have
3F3
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the grant of a motion to dismiss de
novo. Nguyen v. Endologix, Inc., 962 F.3d 405, 413 (9th Cir. 2020). We affirm.
1. The district court correctly concluded that Studio 1220 failed to plead
a fraudulent concealment claim against Intralinks. See United States v. Corinthian
Colls., 655 F.3d 984, 991-92 (9th Cir. 2011) (requiring, under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 9(b), claims for fraudulent concealment to be pleaded with particularity).
Under California law, a duty of disclosure arises in four circumstances: (1) “the
defendant is in a fiduciary relationship with the plaintiff,” (2) “the defendant had
exclusive knowledge of material facts,” (3) “the defendant actively conceals a
material fact,” or (4) “the defendant makes partial representations but also
suppresses some material facts.” L.A. Mem’l Coliseum Comm’n v. Insomniac, Inc.,
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Sidney A. Fitzwater, United States District Judge for
the Northern District of Texas, sitting by designation.
2
182 Cal. Rptr. 3d 888, 909 (Ct. App. 2015) (citation omitted). The last three theories
“generally presuppose[] a relationship grounded in some sort of transaction between
the parties.” Id. (citation, internal quotation marks, and emphasis omitted).
“Where . . . a sufficient relationship or transaction does not exist, no duty to disclose
arises even when the defendant speaks.” Bigler-Engler v. Breg, Inc., 213 Cal. Rptr.
3d 82, 114 (Ct. App. 2017).
Here, Studio 1220 has not pleaded the required fiduciary or transactional
relationship with Intralinks. Studio 1220 merely used Intralinks’s platform to submit
its loan application to Bank of America. Studio 1220 did not have any direct
agreement or relationship with Intralinks, and for a fraudulent concealment claim,
the actionable conduct “must necessarily arise from direct dealings between the
plaintiff and the defendant.” Id. at 113. Studio 1220 did not sufficiently plead this
required element of its claim.
The district court also correctly rejected Studio 1220’s claim that the April 6,
2020 email created a transactional relationship with Intralinks. The April 6 email
was sent by Bank of America using Intralinks’s software platform. And regardless,
“a commercial relationship between [the defendants], on the one hand, and the
3
plaintiffs, on the other hand, without more” does not suffice to give rise to a duty to
disclose. L.A. Mem’l, 182 Cal. Rptr. at 910.1
2. Although the district court did not reach the issue, Studio 1220’s claim
also fails because it has not pleaded with particularity a misleading statement or
omission by Intralinks, and Studio 1220 has thus not shown “concealed or
suppressed material facts.” Boschma v. Home Loan Ctr., Inc., 129 Cal. Rptr. 3d 874,
890 (Ct. App. 2011); see also Livid Holdings Ltd. v. Salomon Smith Barney, Inc.,
416 F.3d 940, 950 (9th Cir. 2005) (“This court can affirm the district court’s
dismissal on any ground supported by the record, even if the district court did not
rely on the ground.”). In support of its allegations of illegal prioritization of loan
applications, Studio 1220 points primarily to statistics about the total number and
size of loans administered by all lenders under the Paycheck Protection Program.
This alone does not suffice to support an inference that Intralinks or Bank of America
fraudulently prioritized larger loan applications.
AFFIRMED.
1
Because Studio 1220’s claim fails even if Intralinks sent the April 6 email, it is not
necessary to resolve the parties’ dispute over whether this allegation impermissibly
contradicts Studio 1220’s prior pleadings.
4
Studio 1220, Inc. v. Intralinks, Inc.
Combined Opinion