UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
Brent HARRIS, Stanley Harris, Defendants-Appellees.
No. 00-14200.
United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.
March 14, 2001.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.(No. 99-00042-CR-01-02-
4-RLV), Robert L. Vining, Jr., Judge.
Before BARKETT, HILL and KRAVITCH, Circuit Judges.
BARKETT, Circuit Judge:
The Government appeals the sentence imposed on William Brent Harris and Stanley Bernard Harris
for their convictions, pursuant to guilty pleas, for distribution of illegal narcotics in violation of 21 U.S.C.
§ 841. On appeal, the Government argues that the district court erred in holding that Apprendi v. New Jersey,
530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000) precludes its consideration of the Harrises' relevant
conduct under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3 in determining their sentences and that the sentences should be vacated and
remanded for resentencing.
Background
Brent Harris pled guilty to two counts of a 12-count indictment for violations of 21 U.S.C. § 841 and
other drug related offenses. It is uncontested that the amount of cocaine hydrochloride involved in the count
to which Brent Harris pled guilty was 17.8 grams. The Sentencing Guidelines provide that the base offense
level for an offense involving less than 25 grams of cocaine is 12. U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(14). However, the
probation officer prepared Brent Harris's presentence report based on the total amount of cocaine base,
cocaine powder, and cocaine hydrochloride attributable to Brent Harris through all of the transactions alleged
in the indictment and calculated his base offense level as 32 pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(4) and his
corresponding sentencing range as 168 to 210 months imprisonment. Because the district court ruled that
Apprendi prohibited the court from considering drug quantities other than those involved in the counts of
conviction, the district court calculated his offense level as 12 based on the quantity of 17.8 grams of cocaine
hydrochloride involved in the two counts to which he pled guilty, resulting in a sentencing range of 15-21
months imprisonment.
Stanley Harris was also named in the indictment. He pled guilty to only one count of possessing and
distributing cocaine base. Stanley Harris does not contest that this count involved the possession and
distribution of 13.2 grams of cocaine base. The sentencing guidelines provide that the base offense level for
an offense involving between 5 and 20 grams of cocaine base is 26. U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(7). His presentence
report found that based on the total amount of cocaine attributable to him through the transactions alleged in
the indictment, his base offense level was 36 pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(c)(2) resulting in a guideline range
of 188 to 235 months.1 Based solely on the quantity relating to the count of conviction, without considering
the amount included in the relevant conduct, the court determined that Stanley Harris's base offense level was
26 resulting in a sentencing range of 78 to 97 months imprisonment.
Standard of Review
The applicability of Apprendi v. New Jersey is a pure question of law that we review de novo. See
Doe v. Chiles, 136 F.3d 709, 713 (11th Cir.1998).
Discussion
The narrow question before us is whether Apprendi applies to the relevant conduct provision of the
Sentencing Guidelines.2 We recently decided this issue in United States v. Maldenaldo Sanchez, --- F.3d ----,
Nos. 00-13347, 00-13447 (11th Cir. Feb. 26, 2001). In that case, the defendants were convicted of one count
of conspiracy to distribute and possess with the intent to distribute methamphetamine and amphetamine in
violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841, 846. The defendants argued that in light of Apprendi, the district court erred
in enhancing their sentences for possession of a firearm in connection with a drug transaction pursuant to
U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 because that fact had not been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. We held that Apprendi
does not apply to the Sentencing Guidelines. See also, United States v. Nealy, 232 F.3d 825, 829 n. 3 (11th
Cir.2000). We explained in Maldenaldo Sanchez that
Because a finding under the Sentencing Guidelines determines the sentence within the statutory range
rather than outside it, the decision in Apprendi, which addresses any increase in penalty for a crime
outside the statutory maximum, has no application to the Guidelines.
1
Stanley Harris's base offense level of 36 was calculated including a two level enhancement for
possession of a dangerous weapon pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1).
2
The Guidelines provide that in arriving at the base offense level with respect to a conviction for
distribution of cocaine, see U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(a)(3), the trial court may consider "quantities of drugs not
specified in the count of conviction." Id. application note 12. Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(2), the base
offense level is to be determined based on acts "that were part of the same course of conduct or common
scheme or plan as the offense of conviction."
Id.
The maximum sentence authorized for a non-quantity conviction pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 841(a) is
twenty years imprisonment. 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1)(C). Based on the amount of drugs that was attributable
to the Harrises, it would not be possible for the district court to sentence either of them to a sentence
exceeding 20 years under the Sentencing Guidelines. Thus, while considering the relevant conduct in this
case would have increased the Harrises' sentencing ranges under the Sentencing Guidelines, those ranges
would not exceed the statutory maximum, and therefore we find that Apprendi does not require the district
court to disregard relevant conduct in this case.3 See also, United States v. Garcia (2nd Cir.2001); United
States v. Heckard, 238 F.3d 1222 (10th Cir.2001); United States v. Williams, 235 F.3d 858, 863 (3rd
Cir.2000); United States v. Kinter, 235 F.3d 192, 201 (4th Cir.2000); United States v. Keith, 230 F.3d 784,
786-87 (5th Cir.2000); Talbott v. Indiana, 226 F.3d 866, 869 (7th Cir.2000).
We therefore vacate the sentence and remand for the district court to make specific factual findings
regarding the amount of drugs properly attributable to the defendants. We express no opinion as to whether
the evidence supports a finding that the Harrises were responsible for the amount of drugs attributed to them
by the presentence reports, holding only that the district court erred in finding that it was prohibited from
considering drug quantities relating to relevant conduct under the Sentencing Guidelines.
VACATED AND REMANDED.
3
It will always be the case that the sentencing range identified by the Guidelines will not exceed the
statutory maximum, as the Sentencing Guidelines require that the Guidelines cannot be used to increase
the penalty beyond the statutory maximum. U.S.S.G. § 5G1.1.
United States v. Brent Harris
Combined Opinion