PERKINS et al.
v.
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.
No. A01A2505.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
October 12, 2001.*501 Ralph S. Goldberg, Decatur, for appellants.
Thurbert E. Baker, Atty. Gen., Dennis R. Dunn, Deputy Atty. Gen., William C. Joy, Senior Asst. Atty. Gen., Per B. Normark, Asst. Atty. Gen., for appellee.
ELDRIDGE, Judge.
In 1996, Larry Perkins d/b/a Royal Lion Transportation and Diane Finney d/b/a Executive Nonemergency Transportation were contract providers of nonemergency medical transportation services for indigents with the Georgia Department of Medical Assistance.[1] These plaintiffs sued DMA over the method used by it to calculate amounts owed for such transportation. In 1996, the plaintiffs were audited using a "straight line" audit method, which resulted in the denial of payment of some of their charges. Royal Lion previously brought suit to adjudicate DMA's use of the straight line audit, which resulted in an award of $26,526.93.[2] Executive neither used *502 the administrative appeal process nor otherwise challenged the results of the 1996 audit then, but seeks to do so now in this action.
DMA answered and moved for either summary judgment or dismissal. The trial court granted summary judgment as to both plaintiffs. Executive failed to exhaust administrative remedies available below, and therefore, the superior court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to consider any suit against DMA. The trial court should have dismissed Executive under OCGA § 9-11-12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction as a defense in abatement rather than grant summary judgment on the merits; therefore, the judgment as to Executive is ordered vacated and an order of dismissal without prejudice entered instead. As to Royal Lion, it previously litigated the same issues and won a substantially smaller damage award than it seeks now; res judicata bars the relitigation of such issues; and the grant of summary judgment is affirmed as to Royal Lion.
1. "[A] party aggrieved by a state agency's decision must raise all issues before that agency and exhaust available administrative remedies before seeking any judicial review of the agency's decision" by seeking equitable or declaratory relief. Cerulean Cos. v. Tiller, 271 Ga. 65, 66(1), 516 S.E.2d 522 (1999); see also OCGA § 50-13-19(a); Brogdon v. State Bd. of Veterinary Medicine, 244 Ga. 780, 781, 262 S.E.2d 56 (1979); Irvin v. Jenkins, 233 Ga. 16, 209 S.E.2d 610 (1974). It must be remembered that the constitutional separation of powers between the executive branch and the judicial branch prevents courts from involvement in review of administrative decisions unless there exists specific legislative empowerment for the judiciary to act regarding executive branch functions; when such delegation of power exists, appeals to the courts must follow such statutory procedures as a condition precedent to obtaining subject matter jurisdiction, because such conferred powers over executive branch functions are statutorily circumscribed. See Bentley v. Chastain, 242 Ga. 348, 349-352(1), 249 S.E.2d 38 (1978); Moreton Rolleston, Jr. Living Trust v. Glynn County Bd. of Tax Assessors, 240 Ga.App. 405, 408-409(2)(a), 523 S.E.2d 600 (1999); see also Dept. of Transp. v. City of Atlanta, 260 Ga. 699, 702-703(1), 398 S.E.2d 567 (1990).
Where there are constitutional or other statutory rights that give the courts original jurisdiction over a matter in which the executive branch has acted, the courts may act independently from appeals. See Bentley v. Chastain, supra at 352, 249 S.E.2d 38; Rolleston v. Glynn County Bd. of Tax Assessors, supra at 408, n. 2, 523 S.E.2d 600. "The mere existence of an unexhausted administrative remedy does not, standing alone, afford a defendant an absolute defense to the institution of a legal action." Hunnicutt v. Ga. Power Co., 168 Ga.App. 525, 526(1), 309 S.E.2d 862 (1983). When the administrative remedy is optional, a litigant is not required to exhaust that remedy before seeking redress in the courts of a legal cause of action. Id. at 526, 309 S.E.2d 862; see also Motor Finance Co. &c. v. Harris, 150 Ga.App. 762, 765(4), 258 S.E.2d 628 (1979). However, "`[w]here the question involved is within the jurisdiction of an administrative agency and the question demands the exercise of administrative discretion requiring the special knowledge and experience of the agency, no action for damages will lie prior to a decision by the agency.'" Bailey v. Wilkes, 162 Ga. App. 410, 414(2), 291 S.E.2d 418 (1982); see also Douthit v. State of Ga., 180 Ga.App. 464, 466, 349 S.E.2d 493 (1986).
Dismissals for failure to exhaust administrative remedies may only be "based upon statutes which by express terms or necessary implication give to the administrative board exclusive jurisdiction or which make the exhaustion of administrative remedies a condition precedent to judicial action." (Citations, punctuation, and emphasis omitted.) Hunnicutt v. Ga. Power Co., supra at 526(1), 309 S.E.2d 862 (citing Evans v. Louisville &c. R. Co., 191 Ga. 395, 401-402(1), 12 S.E.2d 611 (1940)).
*503 Under the Georgia Administrative Procedure Act, appeal from decisions of the Department of Community Health, regarding a denial, nonpayment, or determination of the amount of reimbursement paid or payable requires an administrative appeal filed with the Department of Community Health.[3] A timely judicial review of a final agency decision after an administrative appeal can be made to the superior court only if the condition precedent of exhaustion of an administrative appeal has first been completed. OCGA §§ 49-4-153(c); 50-13-19. Such procedures provided an adequate, direct, and timely method to deal with the issues raised by Executive in this litigation. In contrast, Royal Lion achieved success in its administrative appeal, demonstrating that the administrative appeal was not futile.
Executive had to appeal the decision reducing its payments after the 1996 audit by requesting a hearing under the APA, which it failed to do. OCGA § 49-4-153(b)(2). Therefore, the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction, because Executive had no right to appeal to the superior court unless and until it had as a condition precedent exhausted its administrative remedies through a timely administrative appeal. See Hunnicutt v. Ga. Power Co., supra at 526, 309 S.E.2d 862. Executive cannot avoid the requirement for exhaustion of administrative remedies by claiming that its action is a mere breach of contract action seeking the recovery of damages, because the administrative procedures covered such disputes; Executive is prohibited from doing by indirection that which it is prohibited from doing directly, i.e., bypassing the exhaustion of administrative appeals. See Dept. of Human Resources v. Lewis, 217 Ga.App. 399, 400, 457 S.E.2d 824 (1995); see also Mayor &c. of Savannah v. Savannah Cigarette &c. Svcs., 267 Ga. 173, 174, 476 S.E.2d 581 (1996); Krasaeath v. Parker, 212 Ga.App. 525, 527(1), 441 S.E.2d 868 (1994).[4]
2. Royal Lion litigated successfully to judgment the same damage issues that it seeks to raise in this litigation; therefore, it is barred from the relitigation of such issues in the face of a prior judgment by the doctrine of res judicata. OCGA § 9-12-40. Here the parties were the same; the cause of action identical; and there had been a prior adjudication on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction. OCGA § 9-12-42; Lawson v. Watkins, 261 Ga. 147, 148(1), 401 S.E.2d 719 (1991); Blackwell v. Ga. Real Estate Comm., 205 Ga.App. 233-234, 421 S.E.2d 716 (1992).
3. Where the trial court does not determine to grant class action status to a suit, the action rests upon the underlying action of the representative plaintiffs as their individual actions. Dillingham v. Doctors Clinic, 138 Ga.App. 41, 42(3), 225 S.E.2d 500 (1976). Since there was no party with standing to bring the class action suit, because the representative plaintiffs' actions were dismissed, then it was proper to dismiss the action. OCGA § 9-11-23; Ford Motor Credit Co. v. London, 175 Ga.App. 33, 35, 332 S.E.2d 345 (1985); Hill v. Gen. Finance Corp. &c., 144 Ga.App. 434, 436(1), 241 S.E.2d 282 (1977).
Judgment affirmed in part and vacated in part.
ANDREWS, P.J., and MILLER, J., concur.
NOTES
[1] The Department of Medical Assistance is now known as the Georgia Department of Community Health.
[2] In Civil Action E-67695, Fulton Superior Court, Royal Lion received a judgment that held that it was entitled to payment of $26,526.93, because the straight line audit method was not permitted in the 1996 audit. In the action below, Royal Lion sought to recover for the same services for the same period $1,664,520. OCGA § 9-12-40.
[3] The APA provides in OCGA § 49-4-153(b)(2)(A) that a hearing be held on appeal under OCGA §§ 50-13-13 and 50-13-15 with the Department of Community Health.
[4] Executive argues that exhaustion of administrative remedies is not required when such relief is inadequate or when administrative relief is futile. See Powell v. City of Snellville, 266 Ga. 315, 316, 467 S.E.2d 540 (1996); Wilson v. Ledbetter, 260 Ga. 180, 181, 390 S.E.2d 846 (1990); Hilton Constr. Co. v. Rockdale County Bd. of Ed., 245 Ga. 533, 539, 266 S.E.2d 157 (1980); Conklin v. Zant, 202 Ga.App. 528, 414 S.E.2d 741 (1992). Only in such rare instances where "the administrative remedy exacts a price which causes it to be no remedy at all" will the courts permit a bypass of the exhaustion requirement to occur. Moss v. Central State Hosp., 255 Ga. 403, 404, 339 S.E.2d 226 (1986); First Union Nat. Bank &c. v. Independent Ins. Agents &c., 197 Ga.App. 227, 228(1), 398 S.E.2d 254 (1990).