Antonelli v. United States Parole Commission

619 F. Supp. 2d 1 (2009)

Michael C. ANTONELLI, Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED STATES PAROLE COMMISSION, Defendant.

Civil Action No. 07-1932 (CKK).

United States District Court, District of Columbia.

May 29, 2009.

Michael C. Antonelli, Memphis, TN, pro se.

Cindy S. Owens, Gia M. Chemsian, U.S. Attorney's Office—District of Columbia, Washington, DC, for Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge.

In this action brought under the Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"), 5 U.S.C. § 552, plaintiff, proceeding pro se, challenges the United States Parole Commission's response to his request for records. On November 17, 2008, defendant moved to dismiss or for summary judgment in part and for a stay of the proceedings in part to complete its processing of plaintiff's request submitted during the course of this litigation on March 21, 2008. In a supplemental filing on March 30, 2009, defendant, having processed the latter request, effectively withdrew the motion to stay on the ground that it is moot. See Notice of Filing of Supplemental Exhibits To Defendant's Renewed Motion to Dismiss, or in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment ("Def.'s Suppl.") [Dkt. No. 52] at 1. Thus, upon consideration of defendant's dispositive motion, plaintiff's opposition and the entire record, the Court will grant defendant's motion for summary judgment.

I. BACKGROUND

By letter of August 17, 2006, plaintiff requested Parole Commission records "that are in any way connected to my name[, including] all parole hearing tapes, confidential witness tapes, all appeals and all National Appeals records." Def.'s Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to (1) Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, or in the Alternative, for Summary Judgment and (2) Motion for a Stay of Judicial Proceedings to Complete Plaintiff's March 21, 2008 FOIA Request, Declaration of Anissa N. Hunter ("Hunter Decl.") [Dkt. No. 49-2], Ex. 1. Plaintiff requested all records generated since his "initial incarceration" in September 1978, including those defendant previously disclosed to him. Id. By letter of August 24, 2006, plaintiff requested a copy of his "parole revocation packet and/or parole mini file, in connection to the upcoming parole violator warrant/hearing[.]" Id., Ex. 2. By letter of December 5, 2006, defendant released 122 pages of documents generated since its last disclosure to plaintiff on May 6, 2002. It redacted material from a police report under FOIA exemptions 6 and 7(C), 5 U.S.C. § 552(b). Id., Ex. 6. Defendant informed plaintiff that the release did not include copies of previously disclosed documents, documents the Bureau of Prisons ("BOP") prohibits inmates from possessing or documents duplicative of those contained in plaintiff's BOP file, the latter two categories of which were accessible via request to BOP. Id. Plaintiff unsuccessfully appealed to the Chair of the Parole Commission. Id., Exs. 7, 8. By letter of February 13, 2007, defendant informed plaintiff that it had referred 14 pages of BOP documents to that component for processing and a direct response. Id., Ex. 10.

In what defendant treated as a new FOIA request, plaintiff sought substantially the same aforementioned records on a form captioned "FOIA Appeal," dated February 17, 2007. Id., Ex. 11. By letter of March 13, 2007, plaintiff's parole representative, Cecil C. McCall, also requested those records and provided plaintiff's Privacy Act waiver. Id., Ex. 15. In each instance, defendant acknowledged the request and advised of a possible delay because of a backlog. Id., Exs. 12, 16. By letter of March 11, 2007, plaintiff sought expedited processing of his request based on his upcoming parole revocation hearing on April 26, 2007, and committed to paying "the fees incurred." Id., Ex. 14. In response to defendant's response to McCall, plaintiff, by letter of March 29, 2007, agreed "to pay a fee more than $25.00 for processing my FOIA request," and reiterated his request to expedite. Id., Ex. 18. By letter of April 23, 2007, defendant assessed plaintiff "a deposit of $250," which plaintiff paid by letter of May 8, 2007. Id., Ex. 20. By letter of May 16, 2007, defendant acknowledged plaintiff's payment but denied his request to expedite processing. Id., Ex. 21.

By letter of December 20, 2007, defendant released to plaintiff 2,712 pages of material responsive to his February 17, 2007 request. It withheld a two-page letter dated March 1, 1979, under FOIA exemption 6 and redacted information from 12 documents under FOIA exemptions 6 and 7(C). In addition, defendant informed plaintiff that it had referred other material to the Executive Office for United States Attorneys, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Prisons, the United States Marshals Service, the Office of Information and Privacy and the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency of the District of Columbia ("CSOSA") for processing and a direct response.^[1]Id., Ex. 38. Plaintiff appealed and, by letter of February 8, 2008, was awarded partial relief including the release in full of 68 pages that had been referred to CSOSA and the previously withheld two-page letter dated March 1, 1979. Id. ¶ 22 & Ex. 41. The Chairman also informed plaintiff that the Commission would search for parole hearing tapes but cautioned that "[s]ome tapes may no longer be retrievable because of the passage of time and the routine destruction of archived records." Ex. 41 at 2. By letter of March 28, 2008, defendant released a redacted e-mail message and copies of audiotapes of hearings held on September 2, 1993 and December 13, 1994. Id., Ex. 58. On appeal, the Chairman affirmed the redaction of material from the e-mail message under FOIA exemptions 2, 6 and 7(C) and released a copy of the audiotape of a hearing held on May 21, 2007, which "contain[ed] no recording of any voice." Id., Ex. 63. Defendant released the audiotape of a hearing held on May 21, 1997, by letter of April 3, 2008. Ex. 60.

By letter of July 13, 2007, plaintiff requested records pertaining to his parole revocation hearing on May 21, 2007, and the notice of action dated June 12, 2007. Id., Ex. 22. Plaintiff's parole representative McCall updated his request to include the same records. Id., Ex. 26. By letter of November 5, 2007, defendant released to McCall per plaintiff's instruction (Ex. 28) 18 unredacted pages of material and advised about appealing the decision to the Chair of the Parole Commission. Id. ¶ 15 & Ex. 31.

By letter of March 21, 2008, plaintiff requested "a copy of all records used by the National Appeals Board in deciding to affirm the previous decision as shown in the Notice of Action dated March 19, 2008." 2nd Declaration of Anissa N. Hunter [Dkt. No. 44-3], Ex. 68. By letter of February 5, 2009, defendant released in full "documents pertaining to the National Appeals Board's decision dated March 19, 2008." Def.'s Suppl., Ex. 74. In response to plaintiff's administrative appeal based on the omission of "any records that Attorney Andrea Gambino submitted on my behalf[,]" Ex. 75, the Chairman stated that plaintiff's file contained no "documents from Andrea Gambino from January 1, 2006 to present." Id., Ex. 76.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

Summary judgment is appropriate upon a showing that there is "no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). "[A] material fact is `genuine' . . . if the evidence is such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party" on an element of the claim. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S. Ct. 2505, 91 L. Ed. 2d 202 (1986).

The FOIA requires a federal agency to release all records responsive to a properly submitted request except those protected from disclosure by one or more of nine enumerated exemptions. See 5 U.S.C. § 552(b). The agency's disclosure obligations are triggered by its receipt of a request that "reasonably describes [the requested] records" and "is made in accordance with published rules stating the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3)(A). The FOIA authorizes the court only "to enjoin [a federal] agency from withholding agency records or to order the production of any agency records improperly withheld from the complainant." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B). Thus, the elements of a FOIA claim are (1) improperly (2) withheld (3) agency records. "Judicial authority to devise remedies and enjoin agencies can only be invoked under the jurisdictional grant conferred by [5 U.S.C.] § 552 [(a)(4)(B)], if the agency has contravened all three components of this obligation." Kissinger v. Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press, 445 U.S. 136, 150, 100 S. Ct. 960, 63 L. Ed. 2d 267 (1980).

In a FOIA case, the Court may award summary judgment to an agency solely on the information provided in affidavits or declarations when they describe "the justifications for nondisclosure with reasonably specific detail, demonstrate that the information withheld logically falls within the claimed exemption, and are not controverted by either contrary evidence in the record nor by evidence of agency bad faith." Military Audit Project v. Casey, 656 F.2d 724, 738 (D.C.Cir.1981); see also Vaughn v. Rosen, 484 F.2d 820, 826 (D.C.Cir.1973), cert. denied, 415 U.S. 977, 94 S. Ct. 1564, 39 L. Ed. 2d 873 (1974). Such affidavits are "accord[ed] substantial weight." 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(4)(B). In opposing a summary judgment motion, plaintiff may not "replace conclusory allegations of the complaint or answer with conclusory allegations of an affidavit," Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation, 497 U.S. 871, 888, 110 S. Ct. 3177, 111 L. Ed. 2d 695 (1990), but rather must "set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S. Ct. 2505.

III. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff challenges defendant's search only to the extent that it failed to locate "the parole Hearing Tape of May 1997 in which Nancy Antonelli was recorded as an adverse witness to plaintiff at that time." Plaintiff's Response to Defendant's Renewed Motion to Dismiss, or in the Alternative for Summary Judgment; and Opposition to Motion for a Stay ("Pl.'s Opp'n") [Dkt. No. 46] at 2. In addition, plaintiff "generically requests an in-camera inspection of the records to rule whether the material withheld actually fits within the parameters of the exemptions claimed."^[2]Id. at 1.

1. Plaintiff's Request for an In Camera Review

An in camera inspection is unnecessary when, as here, "a district court finds that a law enforcement agency's affidavits sufficiently describe the documents and set forth proper reasons for invoking an exemption[.]" Juarez v. Dep't of Justice, 518 F.3d 54, 60 (D.C.Cir.2008); see 1st Hunter Decl. ¶ 23 & Ex. 38. Plaintiff has provided no factual basis for questioning the agency's declarations, which are otherwise accorded "a presumption of good faith[.]" Long v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 450 F. Supp. 2d 42, 54 (D.D.C.2006) (citation and quotation omitted); see Ground Saucer Watch, Inc. v. C.I.A., 692 F.2d 770, 771 (D.C.Cir.1981) (plaintiff "must point to evidence sufficient to put the Agency's good faith into doubt"). The Court therefore declines plaintiff's invitation to review the records in camera.

2. Defendant's Search for Responsive Records

An agency is required "to make a good faith effort to conduct a search for the requested records, using methods which can reasonably be expected to produce the information requested." Int'l Trade Overseas, Inc. v. Agency for Int'l Dev., 688 F. Supp. 33, 36 (D.D.C.1988) (quoting Marrera v. Dep't of Justice, 622 F. Supp. 51, 54 (D.D.C.1985)) (citation omitted). When an agency's search for records is challenged, "the agency must show beyond material doubt [] that it has conducted a search reasonably calculated to uncover all relevant documents." Weisberg v. U.S. Dep't of Justice, 705 F.2d 1344, 1351 (D.C.Cir.1983). For purposes of this showing, the agency "may rely upon affidavits. . ., as long as they are relatively detailed and nonconclusory and . . . submitted in good faith." Id. (citations and quotation marks omitted). The required level of detail "set[s] forth the search terms and the type of search performed, and aver[s] that all files likely to contain responsive materials (if such records exist) were searched. . . ." Oglesby v. United States Dep't of the Army, 920 F.2d 57, 68 (D.C.Cir.1990); accord Valencia-Lucena v. U.S. Coast Guard, 180 F.3d 321, 326 (D.C.Cir.1999). "[T]he fact that a particular document was not found does not demonstrate the inadequacy of a search." Boyd v. Criminal Div. of U.S. Dep't of Justice, 475 F.3d 381, 391 (D.C.Cir.2007) (citations omitted). This is because "the adequacy of a FOIA search is generally determined not by the fruits of the search, but by the appropriateness of the methods used to carry out the search." Iturralde v. Comptroller of Currency, 315 F.3d 311, 315 (D.C.Cir.2003).

Hunter describes a reasonable search targeted specifically at plaintiff's parole hearing tapes, 1st Hunter Decl. ¶¶ 24, 26, 30, 31, which, in fact, located a tape of a hearing held on May 21, 1997, that was eventually released to plaintiff, id., Ex. 60. Plaintiff baldly suggests that the released tape is not responsive to his request because it does not contain the testimony of Nancy Antonelli, whom he claims was "recorded as an adverse witness to plaintiff at that time." Pl.'s Opp'n at 2. Plaintiff also asserts that the requested tape "was supposedly loaned to the EOUSA or FBI and not yet returned to the Defendant." Id. Plaintiff's speculation about the location of the tape does not advance his claim against the Parole Commission because an agency component is obligated to produce only those records in its custody and control at the time of the FOIA request. McGehee v. CIA, 697 F.2d 1095, 1110 (D.C.Cir.1983). Thus, in the absence of any evidence that EOUSA or the FBI referred the alleged missing tape to defendant, the Court finds no triable issue on the Parole Commission's search for responsive records.

3. Record Segregability

Although plaintiff has not contested defendant's specific withholdings, the Court finds that defendant properly documented its bases for withholding portions of information from 27 released pages under the FOIA's personal privacy provision set forth at exemption 7(C). See Hunter Decl. ¶ 23. Furthermore, the Court is satisfied from Hunter's description of the withheld information and her assurance that "[e]ach document was individually reviewed for segregability of non-exempt information" that defendant released "all reasonably segregable information." Id. ¶ 33.

IV. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that no genuine issue of material fact exists with regard to defendant's response to plaintiff's FOIA requests and concludes that defendant, having satisfied its disclosure obligations, is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. A separate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.

NOTES

[1] Although defendant has properly followed up on the referrals, see Hunter Decl. ¶¶ 25, 27-29, plaintiff has not challenged the referrals or named any of the aforementioned components as defendants to this action. The Court therefore will not address the referred records, which are likely the subject of plaintiff's other FOIA cases either pending or previously resolved by this Court.

[2] Plaintiff also complains about having to pay twice for a parole manual that he received and defendant's delay in releasing the records pertaining to the National Appeals Board's March 2008 decision. Such facts, even if true, are not material to a FOIA claim. See Perry v. Block, 684 F.2d 121, 125 (D.C.Cir. 1982) ("[H]owever fitful or delayed the release of information under the FOIA may be, once all requested records are surrendered, federal courts have no further statutory function to perform."); accord Boyd v. Criminal Div. of U.S. Dept. of Justice, 475 F.3d 381, 388 (D.C.Cir.2007) ("[B]ecause the report was located in the work file and subsequently disclosed, the issue is moot for purposes of this FOIA action.") (citing Perry).