United States Court of Appeals
For the First Circuit
No. 02-1696
GRYZELLE M. RIVAS ROSADO,
Plaintiff, Appellant,
v.
RADIO SHACK, INC.,
Defendant, Appellee.
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF PUERTO RICO
[Hon. Juan M. Perez-Gimenez, U.S. District Judge]
Before
Boudin, Chief Judge, and
Lynch and Howard, Circuit Judges.
Alberto Acevedo Colom for appellant.
Katarina Stipec with whom Correa, Collazo, Herrero,
Jimenez & Fortuno was on brief for appellee.
December 10, 2002
LYNCH, Circuit Judge. Gryzelle Rivas Rosado was fired by
her employer, Radio Shack, Inc., in March 1998 after almost
thirteen years of employment and a steadily rising career in the
company. She brought suit alleging her discharge was caused by
gender-based discrimination in violation of Title VII, 42 U.S.C.
§ 2000e et seq. (2000), and Puerto Rico Law 100, 29 P.R. Laws Ann.
§ 146 et seq. (1999). The district court entered summary judgment
for the employer on April 25, 2002.
Rivas Rosado's argument on appeal is that a jury question
has been presented by the facts of record. Framing the case under
the familiar test of McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792
(1973), Rivas Rosado argues that she has produced evidence from
which a jury could reasonably infer that the stated grounds for her
termination were pretext and the actual reason was gender
discrimination. We describe the facts.
Before terminating her employment, Radio Shack had
promoted Rivas Rosado up the ranks to the position of Store Manager
in Bayamon, Puerto Rico. She ran the store from February 14, 1997
to January 15, 1998. In April 1997 she became aware of an opening
for a District Sales Manager in Puerto Rico. She applied, but was
not chosen. She was not yet a member of the President's Council (a
reward for superior sales performance), and that was a
qualification for the District Sales Manager job. At least one
woman who was a member of the President's Council did apply and was
-2-
considered. A male, Rene Castello, was given the District Sales
Manager position in December 1997.1
Nonetheless, plaintiff prospered. In January 1998 she
was promoted to Senior Sales Manager at a different store, in
Santurce, Puerto Rico, and named to the President's Council. In
that seeming success lay her downfall. Her old job at the Bayamon
store passed to a new store manager, Pedro Rivera, who became
concerned by the store's most recent monthly profit and loss
statement, which showed large credit card/finance company
chargebacks,2 high payroll expenses, high miscellaneous expenses,
and a net loss. Rivera discussed his discoveries with Castello,
the new District Sales Manager, and they instituted an
investigation. The investigation revealed several departures from
normal procedure, a number of which appeared to work to Rivas
Rosado's financial benefit -- such as shipping parcels to relatives
at the company's expense, falsifying information to get free
repairs on a telephone, and falsifying sales records to earn higher
commissions. In addition, Radio Shack found evidence of failure to
1
On appeal, Rivas Rosado does not make a promotion
discrimination claim.
2
A "chargeback" occurs when, after a sale is made,
financing is not approved or the transaction is otherwise
incomplete. When a chargeback occurs, the Store Manager is
responsible for making the necessary arrangements to collect
the money and documenting all transactions related to that
chargeback. Rivas Rosado v. Radio Shack, Inc., Civ. No. 00-
1686 (D.P.R. April 25, 2002) (opinion and order).
-3-
maintain accurate time cards, abuse of the store's petty cash,
mismanagement, and violations of the policy against cashing
personal checks. According to the company rules for personal
conduct, which were signed by Rivas Rosado, several of these
irregularities are grounds for immediate discharge.
When Radio Shack employees questioned her, Rivas Rosado
initially denied all of the alleged irregularities. Later, after
company loss prevention manager Edward Gillingham confronted her
with the results of his investigation, Rivas Rosado recalled some
of the irregularities, but remained less than candid. At first,
for example, she denied recognizing the name and address of a
family member -- her brother's ex-wife -- to whom she had sent a
UPS package. The company terminated Rivas Rosado's employment on
the basis of the results of the Gillingham investigation and her
lack of candor when questioned.3
In the face of these non-discriminatory reasons for the
termination, Rivas Rosado offers as evidence of discrimination the
following. She says she was investigated by men and fired by men.
She also says that she shared responsibility for running the store
with her male superiors, none of whom were fired. These facts, she
argues, permit an inference of discrimination and thus a basis to
3
Castello's deposition suggests that the decision to fire
Rivas Rosado may actually have been made before she was
questioned. Even if true, that fact would not change our
holding.
-4-
get before a jury on a differential treatment claim. That is not
so.
To have a plausible differential treatment claim, Rivas
Rosado must first show that males were similarly situated and that
she was treated differently, Straughn v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., 250
F.3d 23, 38 (1st Cir. 2001), and then that gender was the reason
for that difference, Thomas v. Eastman Kodak Co., 183 F.3d 38, 56
(1st Cir. 1999). See generally Trans World Airlines v. Hardison,
432 U.S. 63, 71 (1977) ("[S]imilarly situated employees are not to
be treated differently solely because they differ with respect to
race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."). She fails on
the first point. None of the superiors to whom she compares
herself were similarly situated. Further, while there was evidence
she benefitted personally from the irregularities, there was no
evidence that her superiors did. Nor was there evidence of any
lack of candor on their part.
There is also no evidence that the decision makers were
motivated by gender discrimination. The mere fact that the
decision makers were male does not alone, absent other evidence,
create an inference that they engaged in gender discrimination.
Rivas Rosado had been regularly promoted and rewarded by Radio
Shack before the irregularities were discovered. There were no
statements or behaviors by the males involved in terminating Rivas
Rosado from which an inference of discrimination could be drawn.
-5-
Rivas Rosado also attempts a step-by-step refutation of
the findings of the Gillingham investigation. Her attacks on the
details of Gillingham's findings misconstrue Title VII, which does
not ensure against inaccuracy by an employer, only against gender-
based discrimination. We see little evidence even of inaccuracy,
and Rivas Rosado admitted to some violations of company rules.
The district court correctly concluded that plaintiff's
evidence was insufficient to create a material issue of fact and
entered summary judgment. See Reeves v. Sanderson Plumbing Prods.,
Inc., 530 U.S. 133, 148 (2000) (judgment as a matter of law
appropriate where there is no legally sufficient evidentiary basis
for jury to disbelieve legitimate reasons proffered by defendant);
Zapata-Matos v. Reckitt & Colman, Inc., 277 F.3d 40, 47-48 (1st
Cir. 2002) (same). See generally Dominguez-Cruz v. Suttle Caribe,
Inc., 202 F.3d 424, 430-31 (1st Cir. 2000) ("At the summary
judgment phase . . . the focus should be on the ultimate issue:
whether, viewing the aggregate package of proof offered by the
plaintiff and taking all inferences in the plaintiff's favor, the
plaintiff has raised a genuine issue of fact as to whether the
termination of the plaintiff's employment was motivated by age
discrimination.") (internal quotation omitted).
The district court judgment is affirmed. Costs are
awarded to Radio Shack.
-6-