MARY E. GAVIN
vs.
ORVILLE S. PURDY & others.
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Suffolk.
December 5, 1956. January 7, 1957.Present: WILKINS, C.J., RONAN, WILLIAMS, COUNIHAN, & CUTTER, JJ.
Joseph G. Kelly, (Max Kabatznick with him,) for the petitioner.
Arthur M. Gilman, (Joseph A. Greer with him,) for the respondents.
CUTTER, J.
This is an amended petition by a stockholder for a writ of mandamus to compel the respondent Purdy, clerk and a director of The Moxie Company (hereinafter called Moxie), a Massachusetts corporation, and also that corporation itself and its transfer agent, Old Colony Trust Company, to permit examination of the list of stockholders and of all books and records of the corporation. The respondents all filed demurrers, varying slightly from one another, which stated in substance (a) that the petition, so far as it deals with certain records, cannot be maintained because an adequate statutory remedy exists under G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 155, § 22, as amended by St. 1954, c. 50, hereinafter called § 22; (b) that the amended petition is too broad and fails to inform the respondents of the records sought; and (c) that the petition is insufficient to warrant relief by mandamus. The demurrers of all three respondents were sustained. The petitioner has appealed.
1. Section 22, as amended, affords the petitioner an adequate statutory remedy by bill in equity with respect to the books and records specified by that section. Hanrahan v. Puget Sound Power & Light Co. 332 Mass. 586. See also Shea v. Parker, 234 Mass. 592; Dennison v. Needle, 274 Mass. *238 416. So far as the present petition for a writ of mandamus seeks such records, the petition cannot be maintained, for mandamus is not to be employed where there is an adequate statutory remedy. See Amory v. Assessors of Boston, 306 Mass. 354, 357-358, S. C. 309 Mass. 162; Rines v. Justices of the Superior Court, 330 Mass. 368, 371-372, appeals dismissed 346 U.S. 919, rehearing denied 347 U.S. 908; Duncan v. School Committee of Springfield, 331 Mass. 738, 741-742.
2. Apart from any references to the records (basic corporate organization papers, amended by-laws, records of stockholders' meetings, and stockholders' lists) as to which the appropriate relief, if any, must be under § 22, the amended petition asserts only (a) on information and belief that funds of Moxie are being misused by payments for services and expenses for the defence of the directors and of American Distilling Company[1] in certain litigation against them, respectively, and in other litigation, and (b) that the petitioner wishes to make an examination of the books and records of Moxie "to determine the extent and evidence of the improper disbursement and waste of funds ... for the purpose of taking whatever action is deemed proper ... for the protection" of the petitioner's stock in Moxie and of Moxie itself. The petitioner also alleges that the petition is "brought... in good faith for the protection of ... Moxie ... and her own interest and [that she] desires to ascertain the condition of the ... business." The petition is vague and indefinite in the extreme and contains no allegations of fact which would give the respondents the reasonable specification, to which the respondents are entitled, of the records which the petitioner wishes to examine, the circumstances which lead to the request, the period of time which is relevant, and the facts bearing upon whether the proposed examination is in the interests of Moxie.
The common law right of examination of corporate records *239 is not unlimited. It cannot "be exercised for mere curiosity, or for merely speculative purposes, or vexatiously. If the court is appealed to for the enforcement of the right, a sound discretion[1a] will be exercised to determine whether the petitioner is acting for an honest purpose, not adverse to the interests of the corporation. The court will consider whether his desire for an examination is reasonable, having reference to the interests of the corporation and his personal interest as a member of it. Its effect upon the corporation in reference to competitors and other interests will not be disregarded." Varney v. Baker, 194 Mass. 239, 241. "And ordinarily relief by mandamus is not given unless it appears that the interest or rights of the petitioner as a stockholder are likely to be seriously prejudiced and affected." Shea v. Parker, 234 Mass. 592, 594. Albee v. Lamson & Hubbard Corp. 320 Mass. 421, 424, and cases cited. See Hanrahan v. Puget Sound Power & Light Co. 332 Mass. 586, 588, and general note in 15 A.L.R. (2d) 11-94.
There is little more in the allegations of this petition, to inform Moxie and its officers of the scope of the desired examination, than that the petitioner wishes to examine records, the scope and character of which are not defined, for a purpose only vaguely connected with certain pending litigation, the character of which is only indefinitely stated in the petition. Such a petition does not state a basis for the broad relief here sought by mandamus. See Albee v. Lamson & Hubbard Corp. 320 Mass. 421, 424-425. The very general allegations of good faith on the part of the petitioner in seeking relief and of misuse of corporate funds by Moxie or its directors are conclusions not admitted by demurrer. See Duncan v. School Committee of Springfield, 331 Mass. 738, 741. The demurrers were properly sustained. It does not appear that the petitioner, after the demurrers to the amended petition had been sustained, was given any further leave to amend and it is appropriate to *240 enter judgment for the respondents. Keljikian v. Star Brewing Co. 303 Mass. 53, 61-63. Bowles v. Clark, 326 Mass. 31, 34. The respondents' request for double costs is granted. G.L. (Ter. Ed.) c. 211, § 10.
Orders sustaining demurrers affirmed with double costs of the appeal to the respondents.
Judgment for the respondents.
NOTES
[1] The petition does not make clear what the relation of American Distilling Company is to Moxie, although there is a blind, ambiguous reference in one paragraph of the petition to a "dominant stockholder" of Moxie.
[1a] Here, since the case comes up on demurrer, elements of discretion have not been taken into account in examining the allegations of the petition. See Hendrick v. West Roxbury Co-operative Bank, 325 Mass. 671, 674-675.