Appellees brought suit in the Morgan county court, against appellant, for the wrongful taking of seven bales of cotton raised by C. J. Roberts in the year 1921. The amount claimed in the first four counts of the complaint was $500, while that claimed in the fifth count was $500, with the interest thereon. The complaint was amended by the addition of count A, which declared upon the destruction of plaintiffs' mortgage lien upon five bales of cotton covered by a mortgage executed by C. J. Roberts to plaintiffs on or about the 20th day of January, 1921.
There was judgment for plaintiffs in the sum of $555.64, and, from this judgment, defendant appealed.
On and prior to the 8th day of March, 1920, J. C. Roberts owned and was in possession of a certain 80-acre tract of land in Morgan county, Ala. On that day he sold and conveyed said land to his son, C. J. Roberts, and took a mortgage back upon said land to secure the purchase money which C. J. Roberts agreed to pay for said land, amounting to $3,000. The note evidencing the debt was for. the sum of $3,000, and payable December 1st, and was dated March 8, 1920. The year in which the note was payable is not expressed in the note or in the mortgage, and this leads to some confusion because the mortgage contains this provision: "This note is to __________ paid by $300.00 each year until paid out."
According to plaintiffs' evidence, plaintiff took a mortgage from C. J. Roberts covering "the entire crop of cotton, corn, fodder, grain, or other articles of any kind raised or caused to be raised, or to be raised by C. J. Roberts and family during the year 1921." This mortgage was executed on the 20th day of January, 1921, by C. J. Roberts, and was filed for record on January 27, 1921, in the office of the Judge of Probate of Morgan County.
E. L. Thompson, by whom said mortgage was prepared, and by whom its execution was proved, testified that he knew the place on which C. J. Roberts lived and made a crop in the year 1921, describing said place as the same was described in the purchase-money mortgage given by C. J. Roberts on the 8th day of March, 1920, and which was filed for record on the 9th day of March, 1920. Said E. L. Thompson further testified that C. J. Roberts lived and made a crop of corn and cotton on said land in the year 1921. Further testifying, this witness said he had known that place for many years, and had known that prior to 1920, the defendant, J. C. Roberts, was the owner of the place and had been for many years.
The evidence shows, without substantial dispute, that J. C. Roberts, defendant, took and converted to his own use the cotton and other farm products grown on said land during the year 1921.
The testimony for the defendant tended to show that C. J. Roberts did not pay the debt secured by the mortgage, given by him to J. C. Roberts on the 8th day of March, 1920. Defendant, testifying in his own behalf, stated that on or about the 20th day of December, 1920, C. J. Roberts stated to him that he could not make the payments of the purchase-money mortgage given by him, and that he would execute a deed back to his father, the defendant, conveying to the defendant the land described in said purchase-money mortgage, and that, in accordance with this agreement, C. J. Roberts and his wife executed to defendant a deed to said land which was introduced in evidence, and which bore date December 30, 1920. Said deed was acknowledged by the grantors before S. J. Sparkman, a justice of the peace, on the 30th day of December, 1920, according to the recitals of said acknowledgment. The acknowledgment recites that they acknowledged before said justice of the peace "on this day, that being informed of the contents of the foregoing conveyance, they executed the *Page 166 same, voluntarily on the day the same bears date."
In the separate acknowledgment of the wife, the justice of the peace certified "that on the 30th day of December, 1920, came before me the within named Dixie Roberts," etc. This separate acknowledgment bears date the 30th day of December, 1920.
The land conveyed was a homestead, because, according to the testimony of plaintiff, C. J. Roberts lived on the land. The separate acknowledgment of the wife, taken separate and apart from the husband, was essential to the validity of the deed, and by the statute had to conform in its provisions to the form set out in the statute effective at the time of the execution of said deed. Code 1907, § 4161. The acknowledgments taken by the justice of the peace do conform to the forms expressed in the Code 1907.
Over the timely objection of defendant, the justice of the peace who took the acknowledgments was allowed by the trial court to testify "that he took the acknowledgment and signed his name thereto on December 30, 1921.
The taking and certifying of an acknowledgment to a conveyance of lands is a judicial act. The justice of the peace testified in regard to the execution of the deed that "C. J. Roberts and his wife were there present at the time and signed and acknowledged the same on that date." Both the conveyance and the parties executing it were present before the officer, and the officer had jurisdiction of the parties and of the subject-matter. His certificate is conclusive of all the facts he was required by law to certify. He should not have been allowed to impeach his own judicial act. Moore et al. v. Bragg,212 Ala. 481, 103 So. 452, and cases cited.
Because of this error — permitting the officer to impeach his certificate of acknowledgment — insisted upon in appellant's assignments of error 1 and 2, the judgment of the trial court must be reversed, and the cause remanded.
Over the timely objection of defendant, the plaintiff was permitted to introduce in evidence a certain oil lease, or mineral lease, executed by C. J. Roberts and Dixie Roberts, his wife, to W. C. Clark, on the 3d day of January, 1921, covering the lands described in the deed from C. J. Roberts and wife, bearing date December 30, 1920. We cannot see the relevancy or materiality of this documentary evidence. The declarations or admissions of a party are evidence against himself, but cannot be evidence against another who was not privy to them. The fact that C. J. Roberts declared by this oil or mineral lease that he owned the land, or the fact that the plaintiffs, the mortgagees in the crop mortgage, may have believed that C. J. Roberts was the owner of said lands, this belief and their action in taking the crop mortgage in good faith, not having been superinduced by J. C. Roberts. landlord, according to his statement, cannot avail against the right of the landlord. Waite et al. v. Corbin, 109 Ala. 154, 19 So. 505.
For the errors pointed out, the judgment appealed from is reversed, and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.