This suit is in detinue by appellant against appellee for the recovery of certain personal property described in a mortgage executed by the latter to the former.
The cause was submitted upon the plea of general issue and also special pleas of failure and want of consideration. Upon the conclusion of the evidence the court gave the affirmative charge at the request of defendant, and from the judgment following the plaintiff has prosecuted this appeal.
The action of the court in giving the affirmative charge is the only question presented here for review.
Omitting reference to the facts not considered important upon this appeal, the proof discloses without conflict the following situation: Plaintiff had entered into a contract for the purchase of a certain 40 acres of land from one Holmes, and had received a bond for title. He agreed to a resale of the same property to defendant at an advanced price, with the understanding that defendant was to pay Holmes $100 in cash, and assume the indebtedness of plaintiff to Holmes and execute to the plaintiff the mortgage involved in this suit for $260 which was to represent the plaintiff's profits. Plaintiff delivered to the defendant the bond for title which he held, and defendant paid to Holmes the $100, and executed the mortgage to plaintiff pursuant to the foregoing agreement. Defendant was not placed in possession of the land, and has never been in possession. The entire agreement in regard to this transaction was oral. The bond for title did not bear the name of this defendant, or make any reference to him in regard to this land, and its mere delivery by the plaintiff added nothing to its validity so far as defendant was concerned. In view of the statute of frauds, the contract was therefore void. Subdivision 5, § 4289, Code 1907.
The case of Nelson v. Shelby Mfg. Co., 96 Ala. 515, 11 So. 695, 38 Am. St. Rep. 116, cites many of our cases holding to the effect that a purchaser who has paid part of the purchase money under a contract for the sale of land, void by reason of the statute of frauds, may recover the same in an action for money had and received. The same principle is here invoked by the defendant as a defense to this action. He has executed the mortgage here involved under a void contract, and this is a complete defense.
The doctrine of subrogation, as argued by counsel for appellant, is without application to the instant case. The entire contract being oral, and the purchaser not having been placed in possession, there existed no obligation in law upon either party as to its enforcement. So far as the doctrine of subrogation is concerned, therefore, the defendant was a stranger to the transaction, and *Page 344 any payment would have been made as a mere volunteer. 25 R. C. L. § 11.
We have considered the authorities relied upon by counsel for appellant, among them Lowery v. Peterson, 75 Ala. 710, and Wells v. Cody, 112 Ala. 282, 20 So. 381, but a careful examination of these cases will disclose they are readily distinguishable from that here presented. This likewise applies to those authorities relied upon by counsel in regard to that provision of the statute of frauds as to the promise to pay a debt of another.
We have concluded that, the agreement being void, the special defense interposed was completely established, and the affirmative charge properly given for the defendant. The judgment will accordingly be affirmed.
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SAYRE and MILLER, JJ., concur.