This is an appeal by the defendants, West Hollywood Transfer Company and P. Steffenson, from a judgment against them in an action to recover upon three promissory notes of the defendant corporation, and the guaranties by the individual defendants. The defendant G. U. Barck agreed, in open court, that judgment might be entered against him as such guarantor.
The principal objection of the appellants is that the notes upon which suit was brought were not admitted in evidence by the trial court, and that as the suit was upon the notes, and the guaranties written upon the backs thereof, there was nothing before the court upon which its judgment could be based. It appears from the record that the notes were offered several times by the plaintiff; they were marked for identification, but no ruling was made thereon and the notes were not admitted in evidence during the trial of the case. It is argued by the respondent that the notes should have been admitted in evidence and that the court, at the time it arrived at its conclusion, so decided and admitted the notes in evidence at the time it gave judgment for the plaintiff.
It appears from the record that the notes upon which the judgment is based were signed by the West Hollywood Transfer Company, by G. U. Barck, president, and P. Steffenson, secretary. There was no seal of the corporation attached thereto, and there was no showing made by the plaintiff that the president and secretary had authority to sign these notes. The notes were set out in the complaint. The answers of the appellants deny that the corporation made the notes, but admit that Barck, claiming to act as president, and Steffenson, claiming to act as secretary, of the company, did execute the said documents set out in the complaint. The answers also deny that Barck was authorized by the corporation to execute said notes, but do not deny the authority of Steffenson. There is also a denial that the corporation ever delivered the notes. While it is true that the authority of the president and secretary to execute these notes was not shown, there were other facts *Page 188 shown which would estop the corporation from denying the due execution and delivery of the notes. It was shown that G. U. Barck was the president and P. Steffenson was the secretary of the corporation at the time the notes were signed. It was shown that the corporation had previously purchased certain property of the Hollywood and Los Angeles Daily Express Company, for which property it had given its note, dated April 17, 1915, in the sum of $6,903.50, to the plaintiff. At the time this note was given, the defendant G. U. Barck was the president of the corporation and one C. B. McCall was the secretary thereof. In August, 1916, this note remained unpaid, and at that time the defendant Steffenson purchased an interest in the Transfer Company. At this time he received the stock of the company held by McCall, and gave his check for three thousand dollars, which was deposited to the credit of the company and used to pay its debts. He also, at this time, together with Barck, guaranteed the notes sued upon in this action, which notes were given in payment of the old note of the company for $6,903.50, which note was, at that time, marked "paid" and returned to the company. Said canceled note for $6,903.50 was introduced in evidence by the plaintiff and was admitted to have come from the custody and control of the defendant company. [1] It therefore appears that the notes sued upon here were given by the company for a valid and subsisting indebtedness; that, as a consideration therefor, the company received its former note, canceled, which had been given for the purchase of certain property. The corporation has retained and enjoyed the benefits of the transaction. The giving of the notes in suit was not anultra vires act. Under such circumstances, the corporation would be estopped to deny the execution of said notes, and defendants' denial that the president was authorized to execute the notes would become unimportant.
As stated before, it appears from the record that the trial court, in effect, reserved its ruling upon the admissibility of the notes. It becomes unnecessary, however, for us to determine whether or not the notes should have been admitted in evidence. For it is admitted in the pleadings that the notes were executed by Barck and Steffenson, claiming to act for the company. The denial of the allegation that *Page 189 the notes were executed by the company can be of no avail in view of the evidence we have just reviewed, which would preclude the company from denying the due execution of the notes. It is admitted by the pleadings that the defendant Steffenson executed a written guaranty of said notes, which guaranty is set out in the complaint. Since the notes were valid obligations of the corporation, upon the theory of estoppel, at least, the defendant Steffenson is liable thereon as a guarantor. The cases cited by appellant, on this question, are not in point here. In one or two of these cases it is held that where the principal debt is barred by the statute of limitations, the guarantor cannot be held. This rule is based upon a fundamental principle not involved here. That principle is that the guarantor has certain rights of subrogation against the principal and, therefore, if the creditor allows the obligation of the principal debtor to expire by limitation, he seriously injures the guarantor, who is thus deprived of his remedy against the principal, and for this reason the creditor may not, under such circumstances, enforce the guaranty. Also is this the case where the creditor extends the time of payment. It is said that this deprives the sureties or guarantors of their right to collect out of the assets of the principal debtor as such assets existed at the time the debt was due. But no such reason exists in the present case. Whatever rights the guarantor is entitled to in the matter of subrogation to the claim of the creditor against the principal debtor are unimpaired by any irregularities in the notes sued upon, because, as we have just said, such irregularities, if any there be, may not be set up by the corporation to avoid its obligation under the circumstances in evidence here. The admission in the pleadings that the defendant Steffenson executed the written guaranty disposes of his objection that the written guaranty was not admitted in evidence.
[2] But it is insisted by the appellant that the defendant Steffenson was prejudiced and misled by the action of the trial court in not ruling upon the admissibility of the notes before the time of giving judgment. This argument is predicated upon the following facts: The answer of Steffenson set up as an affirmative defense to the contract of guaranty that his signature thereto had been obtained by false and fraudulent representations upon the part of the creditor. *Page 190 The court found that no such representations were made. Steffenson, however, contends that, as the notes were never received in evidence, and there was no written guaranty in evidence, there was nothing upon which to base the judgment, and it therefore never devolved upon him to prove his affirmative defense because a prima facie showing was not made by the plaintiff. It is argued that, as Steffenson was excused from offering evidence upon his affirmative defense, the finding upon such defense was improper. He urges that, if the notes were to be admitted in evidence, then the case should have been reopened, so that he might have had an opportunity to offer evidence upon his affirmative defense. This argument, of course, loses much of its force in view of our conclusion that the judgment was warranted without the admission of the notes, under the admissions in the pleadings and the evidence before the court as to facts which would estop the corporation to deny the due execution and delivery of the notes. For it follows that, even without the admission of the notes, it became the duty of the defendant Steffenson to establish his affirmative defense to the guaranty by any evidence which existed. Furthermore, the defendant Steffenson had filed in the action a cross-complaint which set up substantially the same allegations as those contained in the affirmative defense in the answer. The record shows that Steffenson attempted to establish the allegations of fraud, but for some reason abandoned the attempt and dismissed his cross-complaint. The attorney for Steffenson, in examining the witness McCall, attempted to bring out the facts regarding the financial condition of the West Hollywood Transfer Company at the time Steffenson was induced to purchase the stock and indorse the notes in suit. Among others, he asked the following question: "Well, I will get you to state, Mr. McCall, if you know, what was the financial condition of the West Hollywood Transfer Company along in July and August, 1916." The question was objected to and the objection was overruled. The attorney for said defendant failed, however, to secure an answer to the question or to follow it up in any way. The record ends abruptly here with the question unanswered and a ruling of the court in favor of the defendant. It therefore appears that Steffenson voluntarily abandoned the proof of his allegations of fraud, and also that, *Page 191 under the admissions in the pleadings, he was called upon at this time to establish said defense if he desired to rely thereon. While it is true that the practice of reserving rulings upon evidence has been frequently criticised by our supreme court, and while it is true that the defendant may have been misled to a certain extent by the action of the trial court in reserving its ruling upon the admission of the notes, it is apparent that no prejudice has resulted to him from such error. [3] Where the reservation of a ruling is a mere irregularity, and does not result in any real injustice to the appellant, the judgment will not be disturbed upon appeal for this reason. Whether the practice of reserving rulings will be ground for reversal in any given case will depend upon the particular circumstances of that case. (Martin v. Lloyd,94 Cal. 204, 205, [29 P. 491].) We think, under all the circumstances in the present case, the record discloses no prejudicial error.
The judgment is affirmed.
Brittain, J., and Nourse, J., concurred.