The deceased, Andrew Glassell, was the father and the guardian of the person and estate of the plaintiff herein, and this action is brought for the recovery of money alleged to be due from deceased as such guardian. The case was tried without a jury, and the court made findings and rendered judgment in favor of plaintiff for a certain sum of money found to have been due by the deceased as such guardian to the plaintiff. From this judgment and from an order denying their motion for a new trial defendants appeal.
The deceased was appointed and qualified as guardian of plaintiff in September, 1880, at which time plaintiff was a *Page 511 minor. He attained his majority on the twenty-fourth day of August, 1897. Deceased died testate on the twenty-eighth day of January, 1901; and this action was commenced on December 4, 1901; and appellants pleaded, and contend that the action was barred by subdivision 1 of section 339 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which provides that "An action upon a contract, obligation, or liability, not founded upon an instrument in writing," is barred in two years. It appears that when plaintiff became of age the deceased did not render any account as guardian, but continued to manage the ward's property as before; and although the strict relation of guardian and ward had ceased at the ward's majority, still a fiduciary relation continued; and in such a case the authorities are somewhat conflicting as to when an action against the former guardian will be barred. But in the case at bar we need not discuss this general subject, for, in our opinion, the will of the deceased settles the question against appellants' contention. The plaintiff was the son of the deceased, and he, together with eight brothers and sisters, all children of the deceased, became entitled to certain property as heirs of their maternal grandfather, Dr. H.H. Toland, and this was the property which went into the hands of the deceased as guardian — the deceased being also guardian for several of the other children who were minors. In his will the deceased refers to this property of his children and says: "After the payment of my just debts — inclusive of balances due payable to my children or any of them on account of moneys received by me for their use from property derived from their grandfather, Dr. H.H. Toland," etc.; and he states certain balances due some of them, and, among others, a certain money balance due the plaintiff herein. Afterwards, in a codicil, he refers to a note which he owed to one C.A. Ware, and says: "I hereby expressly request my executors to pay this and all other notes and obligations referred to in this will without reference to any law of limitations which I positively repudiate waive." This language clearly refers to all his obligations, including those to plaintiff and the other wards. It is not within the rule that a mere acknowledgment of a debt made to a stranger, and not to the creditor, is not binding; such an acknowledgment is generally made without reference to the statute of limitations, and without *Page 512 intent to make a binding contract. In the case at bar the testator, having referred to various obligations, and expressly stated his obligation as guardian to respondent, the acknowledgment and waiver were clearly to and for the direct benefit of respondent; and, in our opinion, the testator clearly had the right to make such waiver. Indeed, the clause of the will of the testator, waiving and repudiating the statute of limitations, and expressly directing his executors to pay all obligations notwithstanding such statute, is a part of his testamentary disposition of his property which he had the right to make, and which his executors should enforce. He certainly could have directly bequeathed to respondent whatever balance there might be in his favor in a fair and correct squaring of the account, without reference to time or limitations; and that is substantially what he did. He expressed on the face of his will his intent that all his actual obligations, including that to respondent, should be paid without reference to the law of limitations; and there is no good reason why that testamentary intent should not be carried out by his executors as well as any other part of the will.
It is contended by appellants that in 1897, after respondent's majority, there was a final settlement between him and the deceased of all matters growing out of the guardianship. There is no doubt some plausibility in this contention; but in the evidence as to the alleged settlement there was clearly a material conflict; and therefore we cannot disturb the findings of the trial court that there was not such a settlement.
The court below allowed interest on the amounts found due at seven per cent per annum, compounded annually; and appellants contend that the court erred in allowing compound interest. There is no fraud charged or found against the deceased touching his conduct as guardian. The court found, however, upon sufficient evidence, "that upon the receipt of said sums of money by the said deceased, he immediately converted the same to his own use, depositing such and all of said sums to his own account in his own name in the bank where he kept his individual account, and that the said sums of money were intermingled with the funds of the said deceased, and all of said sums of money were used by the said Andrew Glassell, deceased, in his own business, mingled with his own funds in various investments"; that *Page 513 "said deceased never filed an inventory or appraisement, and never rendered any account in either of such guardianships, and never kept any account upon his books from which a proper accounting could be rendered to the said court"; and that "the said deceased, as guardian, never obtained any order from the court authorizing him to use any of the funds of the said plaintiff in the manner hereinbefore referred to, or in any manner whatever." Under these circumstances we cannot say that the allowance of compound interest was erroneous. (Estate ofScott, 52 Cal. 403; In re Eschrich, 85 Cal. 101, [24 P. 634];Estate of Cousins, 111 Cal. 441, [44 P. 182]; In re Clary,112 Cal. 292, 44 P. 569].) And, for the above reasons and others given by the court below, it was not erroneous to refuse compensation to the guardian.
It is objected that the court did not find on the question of the laches of respondent. In answer to this point, it is sufficient to say, first, that this issue was not made by the pleadings, and in the second place, there was no evidence upon which the court could have found such laches.
The foregoing are all the points which call for special notice. The correctness of the settlement of the account by the court is sustained by the evidence, and is indeed not very seriously contested by appellants.
It is proper to state, in justice to the memory of the deceased, Andrew Glassell, that he never intended to wrong respondent or any of his wards. He was an able and conscientious business man, and no doubt used the funds of his wards to their advantage. He accumulated a large fortune, in comparison with which the property held by him as guardian of his ward's estate was small; and he left nearly all of this fortune to his children — the respondent herein receiving of this fortune about one hundred thousand dollars. The adverse criticism by appellants, that under these circumstances respondent should not have brought this action against his father's estate, merely raises questions of sentiment and good taste; it does not affect the legal merits of the action.
The judgment and order appealed from are affirmed.
Lorigan, J., and Henshaw, J., concurred.
Hearing in Bank denied. *Page 514