This appeal is by the intervener from a judgment dismissing the action. The complaint alleges that plaintiffs are severally the owners of different tracts of land in Vineland Irrigation District, in the county of Los Angeles; that assessments for taxes were levied on the said lands in the years 1893 and for each succeeding year to and including 1898, the lands sold for taxes and bought in by said district at tax-sales; that the assessments were made for the purpose of raising money for the payment of interest on certain bonds issued by the district, and that the bonds are void for certain reasons therein stated; that the assessments upon, and sales of, the lands described in the complaint were irregular and void. Judgment was accordingly prayed that the assessments and sales of the said lands be declared void, and that defendant be enjoined from issuing certificates of *Page 377 sale or other evidences of title to said lands, and that the said bonds of said district be declared void. The defendant by its answer denied the principal allegation of the complaint. The intervener filed his complaint in intervention, alleging that his intestate was at the time of his death the owner of certain bonds of said district upon which the interest was delinquent; that certain proceedings were had in regard to levying the assessments upon the lands described in the complaint and the sales thereunder, which, it is claimed, showed the assessments and sales to be valid. The intervener also alleged that the bonds of the district were valid, and set forth certain judgments by which it was claimed that their validity was duly adjudicated. When the case was called for trial, the court, upon plaintiffs' motion, dismissed it, and judgment of dismissal was accordingly entered. It is provided in section 581 of the Code of Civil Procedure that an action may be dismissed "by the plaintiff himself, by written request to the clerk, filed among the papers in the case, at any time before trial, upon payment of costs; provided, a counterclaim has not been made, or affirmative relief sought by the cross-complaint or answer of the defendant." In this case no affirmative relief was sought by the answer, nor by any cross-complaint by defendant. Nor was any question raised as to the payment of costs. Therefore, that the action was correctly dismissed as between plaintiffs and defendant there can be no question. But the appellant had filed his complaint in intervention, and claims that he had the right to have the case proceed for the purpose of having the issues made by the complaint in intervention determined. Any person may, before the trial, intervene in an action or proceeding, who has an interest in the matter in litigation, in the success of either of the parties, or an interest against both. The intervener may join the plaintiff in claiming what is sought by the complaint, or unite with the defendant in resisting the claims of the plaintiff, or by demanding anything adversely to both plaintiff and defendant. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 387.) In this case the complaint in intervention was for the purpose of resisting the claims of the plaintiffs. If the claims made by the plaintiffs were defeated, the ends and puropses of the intervention were accomplished. It is contended by appellant that he had a right to proceed *Page 378 with the litigation, and to have a judgment upon the merits; but we cannot see anything that the intervener could accomplish by a judgment upon the merits that was not accomplished by a dismissal of the action. The complaint in intervention prayed that plaintiffs take nothing by their complaint. They have taken nothing by their complaint. It prayed that the bonds held by intervener be declared valid. The complaint being dismissed, no one is here questioning the validity of such bonds. It asked that the assessment set forth in the complaint be declared legal, and that the Vineland Irrigation District is entitled to deeds to the lands described in the complaint as sold for taxes. The plaintiffs having withdrawn their complaint as to the assessment, their legality is not questioned, and the law in such cases gives the district the right to deeds. If the district is entitled to deeds, it will be presumed that they will be issued. Thus all the relief that could properly have been awarded to the intervener if the litigation had proceeded is now assured to him by the judgment of dismissal. It has been held here that in an action of ejectment, where the defendant pleaded the general issue and set up title in himself, the allegation of title in himself is wholly immaterial (Bruck v. Tucker, 42 Cal. 346); that in an action of ejectment a cross-complaint to quiet defendant's title is unnecessary. (Mills v. Fletcher, 100 Cal. 142; Miller v. Luco,80 Cal. 257.) In a case very much like the one at bar (People v.Perris Irrigation District, 132 Cal. 291), in which the interveners appeal, it was said concerning their pleadings: "Although their pleadings are termed complaints, they are in effect answers to the complaint of the plaintiff. They were permitted to intervene upon the claim that they had an interest in the success of the defendant and against the plaintiff, and, in addition to their denials of the allegations in the complaint, their pleadings contained only new matter in defense of the defendant's right, which, under section 462 of the Code of Civil Procedure, is deemed controverted by the plaintiff." So we hold in this case, — that intervener became a party for the purpose of resisting, with defendants, the claims of the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs by dismissing their action ceased their claims, and thereafter there was nothing to resist. If intervener is entitled to have the deeds executed to the district, *Page 379 or to have assessments made for the purpose of paying his bonds, he must seek relief in a different proceeding.
The judgment should be affirmed.
Haynes, C., and Chipman, C., concurred.
For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment appealed from is affirmed.
Henshaw, J., Lorigan, J., McFarland, J.