DISSENTING OPINION I cannot agree with the majority opinion in this case. The appellee in this case sought and secured the affirmative relief of a temporary injunction in the court below against the appellants. In my opinion, the action of the lower court in granting this injunction was in direct conflict with the legislative policy of this State and the provisions of the statute concerning the issuance of injunctions in labor disputes. §§ 40-501, 40-514, Burns' 1940 Replacement.
The facts are undisputed that this case involves a labor dispute and that the appellee employer refused *Page 331 to negotiate, mediate, or arbitrate this dispute. The statute, § 40-508, Burns' 1940 Replacement provides:
"No restraining order or injunctive relief shall be granted to any complainant who has failed to comply with any obligation imposed by law which is involved in the labor dispute in question, or who has failed to make every reasonable effort to settle such dispute either by negotiation or with the aid of any available governmental machinery of mediation or voluntary arbitration."
The Act in question was adopted in Indiana in 1933 and identically follows the wording of the Federal legislation which was passed a year earlier on March 23, 1932 (U.S.C.A., Title 29, § 101-115) and which is commonly and judicially referred to as the Norris-LaGuardia Anti-Injunction Act. This Act was in all respects identical with the Federal Act and set forth the identical policy, and this court should give the same construction to the Act as was given to the Federal Act by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States in interpreting this Act stated in Milk DriversUnion v. Lake Valley Farm Products (1940), 311 U.S. 91 at page 101:
". . . The Norris-LaGuardia Act — considered as a whole and in its various parts — was intended drastically to curtail jurisdiction of federal courts in the field of labor disputes. And this Court has said that `the legislative history of the Act demonstrates that it was the purpose of the Congress further to extend the prohibitions of the Clayton Act respecting the exercise of jurisdiction by federal courts and to obviate the results of the judicial construction of that Act.'" New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery, 303 U.S. 552.
And at page 102:
"The Norris-LaGuardia Act, passed in 1932, is the culmination of a bitter political, social and *Page 332 economic controversy extending over half a century. Hostility to `government by injunction' had become the rallying slogan of many and varied groups. Indeed, as early as 1914 Congress had responded to a widespread public demand that the Sherman Act be amended, and had passed the Clayton Act, itself designed to limit the jurisdiction of federal courts to issue injunctions in cases involving labor disputes. . . . Thus, the Senate Judiciary Committee, reporting the Norris-LaGuardia Act, said: `That there have been abuses of judicial power in granting injunctions in labor disputes is hardly open to discussion. The use of the injunction in such disputes has been growing by leaps and bounds. . . .' (H. Rep. No. 163, 72nd Cong. 1st Sess., p. 8.) And on the same subject the House Judiciary Committee said: `These are the same character of acts which Congress in Section 20 of the Clayton Act of October 15, 1914, sought to restrict from the operation of injunctions, but because of the interpretations placed by the courts on this section of the Clayton Act, the restrictions as contained therein have become more or less valueless to labor, and this section is intended by more specific language to overcome the qualifying effects of the decisions of the courts in this respect'. . . ." (H. Rep. 72nd Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 7-8.)
In the case of Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Peoria,Toledo and Western Railroad (1944), 321 U.S. 50, the Supreme Court said:
". . . . The latter (Norris-LaGuardia Act) did not entirely abolish judicial power to impose previous restraint in labor controversies. But its prime purpose was to restrict the federal equity power in such matters within the greatly narrower limits than it had come to occupy. It sought to make injunction a last line of defense, available not only after other legally required methods, but after all reasonable methods as well, have been tried and found wanting. This purpose runs throughout the Act's provisions. It is dominant and explicit in § 8. . . ." (Our parentheses.) *Page 333
The majority opinion holds in effect that Section 9 (f), (g), (h) of the Labor-Management Relations Act, 1947 (Taft-Hartley) (Public Law 101, 80th Congress) excuses the employer from negotiating or arbitrating with his employees as a condition precedent to injunctive relief by reason of the fact that the union, seeking recognition as the bargaining agent, has not complied with the Taft-Hartley Act. I fail to see how the Taft-Hartley Act in any manner amends or nullifies the requirements of the "little" Norris-LaGuardia Act of Indiana setting forth the conditions precedent to an employer's right to injunctive relief. As far as this statute of Indiana relative to the issuance of injunctions in labor disputes is concerned, it would make no difference whether there was a union or no union in a plant in which an employer seeks injunctive relief in a labor dispute with his employees. In either case the statute places upon the employer a duty of exerting every reasonable effort to settle such dispute by negotiation, mediation, or arbitration, as conditions precedent to his right to injunctive relief. The question of certification or recognition of the union while it is the assigned cause of the strike and work stoppage would have no bearing upon the question of the right of the employer under this Indiana statute to an injunction for alleged individual acts of the various employees.
The complaint in the instant case merely names a large number of individual workmen as defendants, and the judgment of the court merely enjoins these defendants as individuals from engaging in mass picketing . . ., and from committing certain other specified acts, and from otherwise interfering with those who desire to enter the factory. This is clearly a case of a complaint by an employer for injunctive relief against *Page 334 a large number of his employees as individuals. Upon a basis of the relief sought in this complaint, the question of recognition of the union, while admittedly the cause of the strike, has no material bearing upon the issues formed.
It is true that under the Taft-Hartley Act the union in the instant case by reason of its failure to comply with this Act is deprived of the use of the machinery of the National Labor Relations Board, but I fail to see how the provisions of such Act relieve the employer from complying with the provisions of the Indiana Act relative to the issuance of injunctions in labor disputes by an employer when such employer seeks an injunction under such Act. This Act is firmly established as a legislative policy of this State, and under the provisions of the Indiana law great progress has been made in labor management relations in this State.
In Indiana there exists a Division of Labor which is a governmental agency of the State whose duty it is to promote the voluntary arbitration, mediation, and conciliation of disputes between employers and employees for the purpose of avoiding a strike. Burns' Stat., § 40-2138, 1940 Replacement, 1945 Supplement.
The whole policy of the law of this State is directed toward the peaceful settlement of labor disputes through negotiation, arbitration, and mediation. Injunctions are not prohibited in a proper case where the employer has complied with the provisions of the law, which the employer failed to do in the instant case.
The record shows that mediation was offered to appellee, but was rejected by it. Arbitration was available and the company failed to make any efforts to arbitrate or even negotiate, basing its refusal upon *Page 335 the fact that the union was not eligible for certification under the Taft-Hartley Act. Instead of making every reasonable effort to settle this dispute by negotiation, arbitration, or mediation, the employer elected to ignore such methods; and in my opinion, the employer thereby lost its legal right under Indiana law to have an injunction issued by the court. The employer refused to meet with the union. The employer had the clear right to have the use and benefit of available governmental machinery under Indiana laws and the opportunity to negotiate and arbitrate the dispute which they did not elect to use. If they desired injunctive relief, it was necessary for them to seek and secure such assistance before they would be entitled to injunctive relief. It is undisputed that the employer has failed to comply with the conditions precedent to the issuance of an injunction in a labor dispute; and, therefore, in my opinion the trial court erred in granting a temporary injunction in favor of appellee and against appellant. In my opinion, the judgment should be reversed for the reasons given herein.
NOTE. — Reported in 77 N.E.2d 755.