This proceeding was commenced by the State Highway Commission for the condemnation of certain land running through plaintiffs' farm for the construction of Highway No. 88. The commission, appointed to appraise the damages resulting from the taking of the necessary land for the *Page 679 highway, assessed plaintiffs' damages in the sum of $3,277.75. The landowners appealed to the district court, where a verdict and judgment was rendered in favor of plaintiffs in the sum of $6,000. Defendants filed a motion for a new trial which was overruled, and defendants appeal.
The amount of land taken comprises 9.63 acres, extending diagonally across the northerly portion of plaintiffs' farm from the northeast to the southwest corner of the quarter section. About 12 acres of the north portion of plaintiffs' farm had already been condemned for a railroad right of way extending in an easterly and westerly direction across that portion of the farm. The railroad right of way is 205 feet wide at the east line of the farm and 295 feet wide at the west end.
The highway, where it enters the northeast corner of the quarter section, is 120 feet wide, extending to the center of the quarter section where it widens as it crosses the railroad right of way. After leaving the railroad right of way, the highway is again reduced to a width of 120 feet. The north portion of plaintiffs' land consisted of about 142 acres, which with the two highways comprised 160 acres. The balance of the farm consisting of 70 acres was attached to the south end. For convenience we herewith attach a plat showing substantially the geographical situation and condition of the land in question.
The evidence shows that this farm was composed of fairly good, tillable, and rolling land, containing a set of fairly good farm buildings and improvements. The land was fenced into 20-acre tracts. The east 40 acres north of the railroad track is good farm land, but the west portion of the land is rolling and described as permanent pasture land. There is a triangular 5-acre tract of land in the southwest corner of the quarter section, lying north of the highway and south of the railroad tracks which the evidence shows to be rolling and steep and good only for pasture purposes. The land north of the railroad and west of the new highway to the west line of the farm is in permanent pasture. The entire farm, however, is generally described as a good, productive farm.
The north portion of the land had already been separated by the condemnation of the right of way for the Chicago, Milwaukee St. Paul Ry. Company. The land condemned for highway purposes intersects the railroad right of way at about the center of the quarter section, so that plaintiffs' farm is *Page 680
[EDITORS' NOTE: PLAT IS ELECTRONICALLY NON-TRANSFERRABLE.] *Page 681
again separated by the right of way taken for highway purposes. The evidence shows, however, roads and underpasses across the railroad tracks had been constructed prior to the condemnation for the highway, and these crossings and underpasses were so constructed as to leave suitable passageways for cattle and travel between the different parts of plaintiffs' farm.
The evidence also shows that all of plaintiffs' building improvements were located in the southeast corner of the quarter section and were not interfered with by the new highway. These buildings, improvements, and plaintiffs' orchard and garden remain intact and are not intersected in any manner by the construction of the new highway. The improvements consist of a dwelling house, two barns, silo, hog house, machine shed, one good well with a windmill, and two other wells. The residence and buildings adjoin a public road on the east side of the farm.
The record shows that the south portion of plaintiffs' farm containing 70 acres had no improvements thereon whatever, and this portion of the farm was not intersected, interfered with, or affected in any manner by the construction of the new highway. The testimony also shows that the condemnation of the land for highway purposes did no damage to this 70-acre tract whatsoever.
The farm was already separated by the railroad right of way over 200 feet wide extending across the center of the north portion of the farm. Ample provisions had been made by the railroad company for crossing the tracks. The record also shows that additional ample provision was made for crossing the highway by two large cattle passes under the highway, one near the southwest corner connecting the land south of the railroad right of way, and the other near the northeast corner of the farm connecting the land north of the railroad right of way. These cattle passes were made of concrete with concrete floors. In addition to these cattle passes, the Highway Commission also constructed two surface crossings from fence to fence on both sides of the new highway, and a driveway near the northeast corner of the farm from the paving to the north side of the farm. These crossings were placed at points requested by plaintiff.
Appellant contends that an award of $6,000, being $623 an acre for the land taken, is excessive and that the State's motion for a new trial should have been sustained. The testimony shows without dispute that plaintiffs' farm as a whole was worth about *Page 682 $21,000. An award of $6,000 for the land taken is, therefore, more than 25 per cent of the value of the entire farm. This amounts to nearly $30 an acre for the entire farm, and almost $45 an acre for the 142 acres composing the north portion of the farm.
Much of the damage to plaintiffs' original farm had already been caused by the separation of the land in the north portion by the railroad right of way through the land long prior to the time of these condemnation proceedings. It is, therefore, clear that the damage to plaintiffs' farm by the construction of the highway is not as great as it would have been had the farm been in one entire tract at the time of the condemnation for the highway. The testimony shows that although about one half of the highway runs over good, tillable land, the other half crosses over pasture land.
Plaintiffs' witnesses testified that the value of plaintiffs' farm with all the improvements thereon immediately before the condemnation proceedings was $100 an acre, and immediately thereafter it was worth only about $60 an acre. The evidence of the same number of witnesses for the defendants shows the value of the farm immediately before the property was taken was $100 per acre and the value immediately thereafter was $88 an acre. The substance of plaintiffs' testimony is that the difference between the value of the land immediately before and immediately after it was taken was about $10,000; while that of defendants witnesses was that the difference in the value of the land immediately before and after it was taken was about $3,500. The amount of the damages fixed by the jury as shown by their verdict was $6,000. There were 9.63 acres taken for the new highway, which would make the damages allowed $623 an acre.
[1] We appreciate the rule that the taking of property for highway purposes without the owner's consent reduces the value of his farm to a greater extent than the land taken is worth per acre when attached to the farm. A railroad right of way over 200 feet wide across the north part of the farm had already been taken out. The different parts of the farm were, therefore, not rendered so much more inaccessible as to warrant the great reduction in the value of the farm as shown by the verdict of the jury. It is our conclusion that a verdict of $6,000 *Page 683 for the unimproved 9.63 acres, under the record in this case, is grossly excessive and should be reduced.
[2] Appellees contend that the question of damages is purely one for the jury. We concede it to be the rule that the question of damages in this kind of an action is generally for the jury. This does not mean, however, that the Supreme Court will not reverse a case for excessive damages where the record clearly shows the verdict to be so. Jenkins v. State Highway Commission,208 Iowa 620, 224 N.W. 66; Parrott v. Chicago Railway Co.,127 Iowa 419, 103 N.W. 352; Youtzy v. Cedar Rapids, 150 Iowa 53,129 N.W. 351.
In the case of Youtzy v. Cedar Rapids, 150 Iowa 53, l.c. 57,129 N.W. 351, 352, this court said:
"The court should be, and doubtless always will be, no less ready to interfere and set aside a clearly excessive verdict in condemnation proceedings than in actions of another character, but it is to be remembered that in such proceedings the lot owner is not a willing seller of his property, and he is forced to yield his title and surrender his estate in the interest of the general public, not infrequently to his great and irreparable inconvenience, if not actual loss."
[3] It is the well-settled rule of law in this state that if the verdict appears to be so excessive as to indicate passion and prejudice in ordinary negligence cases, the verdict should be set aside. The same rule applies to condemnation proceedings. It is, of course, not the province of this court to measure the damages, but it is our conclusion from the record in this case that an award of $6,000 for less than 10 acres of unimproved land condemned in this action is grossly excessive and can only be accounted for as being the result of passion and prejudice. We are, therefore, constrained to hold that the judgment entered in the lower court was excessive and the motion for a new trial should have been sustained.
Appellant also urges other errors for a reversal. In view, however, of the necessity for a retrial, a consideration of other questions raised is deemed unnecessary.
For the reasons hereinabove expressed, the judgment of the lower court is hereby reversed. — Reversed.
HAMILTON, C.J., and ANDERSON, DONEGAN, and RICHARDS, JJ., concur. *Page 684
MITCHELL, J., dissents.