Plaintiff corporation appeals from a decree which granted some of the relief sought in its bill of complaint. A division in the Calvary Baptist Church of Port Huron brought about the expulsion of some of its members and the incorporation by its pastor and others of a second Michigan corporation of the same name on June 2, 1938. Plaintiff incorporated as a Baptist church in 1900, became a member of the Huron Baptist Association and the Michigan Baptist Convention, and has remained such continuously from that time to the present. It acquired title to its real property by deed from the First Baptist Church of Port Huron on June 6, 1907, and all of its real and personal property has since been held by its trustees for church purposes.
In 1930 defendant Rev. Adolph D. Shay became the pastor of the church, which at the time had about 60 active members. It is his claim that the action taken in 1938 was but a reincorporation of the original church. In any event, subsequent to the division in the congregation, defendant corporation adopted resolutions withdrawing from the "Huron Baptist Association, the Michigan Baptist Convention, and the Northern Baptist Convention." These bodies in the order named are the local, State, and national units of the Baptist Church.
It is unnecessary to indulge in an extended discussion of the form of government of the Baptist Church in the United States, that subject having been fully covered by authorities cited below and by "The New Directory for Baptist Churches," by Edward D. Hiscox, D. D. It is sufficient to say that it is congregational in its nature. See Mt. Zion *Page 519 Baptist Church v. Whitmore, 83 Iowa, 138 (49 N.W. 81, 13 L.R.A. 198); Smith v. Pedigo, 145 Ind. 361 (33 N.E. 777,44 N.E. 363, 19 L.R.A. 433, 32 L.R.A. 838); and annotations in 8 A.L.R. 102 and 70 A.L.R. 75.
After Reverend Shay became pastor of the church, a difference arose in the congregation regarding the continuation of the relations between the church, the association, and the two conventions. After an unsuccessful attempt to secure the resignation of Reverend Shay, charges were preferred by a group of the members. In accordance with the law of the Baptist Church, a committee formulated these charges and requested a mutual council. The "new or seceding group" named Dr. J. Frank Norris of the Temple Baptist Church of Detroit as their counsel, whom the committee of the "old or regular group" refused to meet. An ex parte council was then called consisting of "messengers" from other churches in the Huron Baptist Association, whom the "new group" refused to meet. This exparte council, after considering the situation, recognized the "old group" as the Calvary Baptist Church of Port Huron, and found that members whose names had been dropped from its rolls had been illegally deprived of their membership. The "new group" refused to recognize the authority of the ex parte council or relinquish control and possession of the premises, and withdrew its support from the association and conventions.
The new corporation executed a mortgage on the church property to Reverend Shay for $700 of back salary.
Plaintiff corporation, by its duly elected trustees, then filed a bill of complaint seeking a decree quieting title to the real property of the church, asking that defendants be forever restrained from using the *Page 520 name of "Calvary Baptist Church of Port Huron," requiring them to return all personal property acquired or collected, with an accounting for same, and discharging the mortgage referred to. The court decreed a dissolution of the new corporation, discharged the mortgage, and adjudged plaintiff corporation to be the absolute owner in fee of the real and personal property described in the bill of complaint.
Plaintiff urges on appeal that the court's decree should have been broader in that defendants should should have been determined to be seceders from the Calvary Baptist Church of Port Huron. This court is asked to issue a permanent injunction restraining defendants from using any of plaintiff's property, real or personal, for the purpose of collecting missionary funds to be sent to the "World Fundamentalist Baptist Fellowship." Plaintiff says this "Fellowship" has no ecclesiastical connection with regular Baptist churches.
With the doctrinal disputes between the parties, whether they be with respect to "fundamentalism" or any other ecclesiastical matters, the courts have no concern. Much has been written and much can be said on this subject, but little that is new can be added to that expressed by this court in Fuchs v. Meisel,102 Mich. 357 (32 L.R.A. 92); Russian Orthodox All Saints Church v. Darin, 222 Mich. 35; Hanna v. Malick, 223 Mich. 100;Komarynski v. Popovich, 232 Mich. 88; Horbal v. St. John'sGreek Catholic Church, 260 Mich. 331; and All Saints PolishNational Catholic Church v. Gerald, 271 Mich. 187. It is enough to say that we have not departed from the rule that:
"In matters of church polity purely ecclesiastical, civil courts do not interfere, but when property *Page 521 rights are involved they are to be tested in the civil courts by the civil laws." Komarynski v. Popovich, supra.
The trial judge stated in his opinion:
"I cannot find as a fact that the defendants seceded or withdrew from the church. * * * I feel that the court has no jurisdiction to govern the religious views of the members so long as they follow the Baptist principles of worship."
A review of the testimony does not indicate any basis for overruling the finding of fact made by the trial judge. Nor do we disagree with his view that injunctive relief was unnecessary. The property rights of the parties have been correctly adjudicated.
Under the form of government of the Baptist Church, that of local majority rule, the good sense and sound judgment of the membership should prevail. Members of any church ought to be disposed to further the cause of their religious belief rather than dissipate their energy and means in senseless bickering. In any event, the parties should be encouraged to follow this course and given every opportunity to do so. Again we say, in church disputes, courts are concerned with property rights only, and those rights may be protected by court order if occasion requires.
The decree of the trial court is affirmed and appellees may have their costs.
SHARPE, POTTER, CHANDLER, NORTH, McALLISTER, WIEST, and BUTZEL, JJ., concurred. *Page 522