This is an action to construe the last will and testament of Louis B. Saunders, deceased. Testator died in December, 1932, leaving an estate appraised at approximately $100,000. *Page 312 He was survived by his widow, Helen Saunders; Louis B. Saunders, Jr., and Marian Gale Saunders, the adult children of a previous marriage; and Mary Dell Saunders, born in 1929, the daughter of deceased and Helen Saunders.
At the time of testator's death, he was 55 years of age and for many years had been engaged in the real estate and insurance business. During his lifetime he had provided for his older daughter, Marian Gale Saunders, who is now a practicing attorney. He also took his son into business with him as an associate.
The will was executed in November, 1930, and a codicil added thereto in December, 1931. The pertinent parts of the will are the following paragraphs:
"Paragraph 13. I give and devise the north half of lot 96, Kent plat, Grand Rapids, Michigan, in equal undivided shares to such of my said wife, Helen E. Saunders, and my said son, Louis B. Saunders, Jr., as survive me, upon the condition that said devisees or surviving devisee give a mortgage thereon in the sum of $10,000 to the Michigan Trust Company, as trustee for the benefit of my daughter, Mary Dell Saunders, if she survives me, and I direct said the Michigan Trust Company to hold the same in trust for my said daughter, subject to the conditions stated in paragraph 15 of this will.
"Paragraph 14. I give, devise, and bequeath all the rest, residue, and remainder of the estate, both real and personal, of which I die seized or possessed, or to which I am in any manner entitled at my death, and wherever the same may be situated, in equal shares to such of my said wife, Helen E. Saunders, my said son, Louis B. Saunders, Jr., my daughter, Marian Gale Saunders, and my said daughter, Mary Dell Saunders, as survive me, and to the issue surviving me of such of said beneficiaries as predecease me (the issue of a deceased beneficiary to represent one share), subject, however, to the provisions of paragraph 15 of this will. *Page 313
"Paragraph 15. The portion of property distributable to either of my said daughters who shall be under the age of 25 years at the time of such distribution shall be held and continued in trust for such daughter until she attains such age and at that time shall be transferred, paid over, and delivered to her; and while so held in trust the trustee shall use and pay such amounts therefrom, income and principal, as may be necessary for the proper support and education of the respective beneficiary thereof; in the event of the death of either of my said daughters while any funds and property are held in trust for her benefit, the trustee shall distribute the same to her issue then living, if any, otherwise to those persons entitled, under the laws of Michigan then in force, to take my personal estate as though I had then died intestate and in such proportions to each as said intestate laws may determine. * * *
"Paragraph 20. I direct my executor to pay my said wife, Helen E. Saunders, the sum of $240 per month out of my residuary estate from the date of my death and until her share of the residue is assigned to her. This provision is made for her in order that she may have means for the support of herself and my daughter Mary Dell Saunders, and for the education of my said daughter. I also direct it to pay my said son, Louis B. Saunders, Jr., the sum of $50 per month out of my residuary estate from the date of my death and until his share of the residue is assigned to him. The payments so made to my said wife and son shall not be charged against their shares of the residue of my estate."
After the will was offered for probate, Louis B. Saunders, Jr., declined to execute a mortgage as provided for by paragraph 13, although Helen E. Saunders, widow, does offer to comply with the terms of said paragraph. Suit was started to have the will construed and the trial court determined that the sum of $10,000 shall be due and payable to *Page 314 Mary Dell Saunders when she attains the age of 25 years, but without interest, and to be secured by a mortgage upon the premises described in paragraph 13 of said will; and that upon the failure of the devisees to give the mortgage, the property shall be impressed with a lien to secure the payment of said legacy and the balance of said property so described shall become a part of the residue of said estate. From this decree Mary Dell Saunders, through her guardian, appeals.
The will bequeaths a legacy of $10,000 to the trustee of Mary Dell Saunders secured by a lien on the real estate described in paragraph 13. In the construction of wills, we have repeatedly held that the general intent of the testator as found in the whole instrument will govern. Jones v. Jones, 25 Mich. 401;Quarton v. Barton, 249 Mich. 474 (69 A.L.R. 820); In reManshaem's Estate, 207 Mich. 1, and cited in Michigan Trust Co. v. Driver, 270 Mich. 698. It is also the rule that the general intention and purposes of the testator, as shown by the whole instrument, prevail over a particular intention shown by one single provision, Powell v. Beebe, 167 Mich. 306. Courts do not favor conditions in a will which defeat estates, particularly when the condition is dependent upon the neglect of others. Calkins v. Smith's Estate, 41 Mich. 409.
With these general rules to guide us, we have in addition the fact that the widow was awarded a furnished home, an automobile, an allowance of $240 per month during the pendency of the estate but charged with the support of herself as well as the support and education of Mary Dell Saunders, also 325 shares of stock in the Saunders-Wilford Company, as well as various lots of real estate in Grand Rapids and vicinity. *Page 315
The will also provided that the defendant Louis B. Saunders, Jr., who had been associated with the testator in the insurance business since 1929, was to have 375 shares of stock in the insurance company, as well as certain real estate in and about the vicinity of Grand Rapids, and all vacant lots owned by testator in the city of Muskegon Heights. In addition to these bequests Louis B. Saunders, Jr., was also given a one-half interest in the property described in paragraph 13, subject, however, to the lien created in favor of Mary Dell Saunders. This property is known as the Saunders Insurance Building and is the place where testator conducted his insurance business. In addition, each of the heirs was to receive a one-fourth interest in the residuary estate.
The contest in this case grows out of the proper interpretation to be placed upon paragraph 13, whether the legacy made therein is to be paid within one year after testator's death or at some future designated date. In paragraph 13 the testator directed that the legacy be secured by a mortgage and its payment to be deferred until Mary Dell Saunders attained the age of 25 years, while paragraph 18 of the will directs that the legacies named in the will be paid within one year after testator's death. We therefore conclude that it was the intent of testator that this legacy should be paid when Mary Dell Saunders attained the age of 25 years.
Having arrived at this conclusion, the next question that presents itself to us is the rate of interest that the mortgage will carry and the date when interest will begin.
"It is a general rule that, unless otherwise provided by the will or by statute, interest is payable *Page 316 on a general legacy, from the time when the legacy ought to be paid, until the time when it is paid." 69 C. J. p. 1260.
"When the time for the payment of a legacy is fixed by the will and there are not other controlling considerations, interest is due only from the time designated for payment of the legacy." 28 R. C. L. p. 354.
See, also, In re Berbling's Estate, 134 Misc. Rep. 730 (236 N.Y. Supp. 367); In re Lewis Estate, 210 Mo. App. 74 (240 S.W. 493); Hallett Walker v. Allen, 13 Ala. 554; In re Hoskinson'sEstate, 268 Pa. 447 (112 A. 125).
In the case at bar, the testator did not direct that the mortgage should carry interest; and in view of the fact that testator adequately provided for Mary Dell Saunders' support through the liberal provisions for her mother, who also has certain obligations concerning the support and education of their minor child, we think that testator did not anticipate any income from this mortgage until its due date. Had he intended the mortgage to carry interest from its inception he could easily have so provided as well as stated the rate of interest.
The lower court made no ruling to cover the contingency that one devisee might accept and the other refuse the bequest made in paragraph 13 of the will, nor is this subject briefed and submitted to this court by the appellants; we, therefore, decline to render any opinion upon the same.
The decree of the lower court is affirmed, with costs to appellee.
NORTH, C.J., and FEAD, WIEST, BUSHNELL, and POTTER, JJ., concurred with EDWARD M. SHARPE, J.