Two cases having the same title were argued and submitted together. They are companion cases, and the legal questions involved are the same in both. They are actions for contribution between co-guarantors. The petitions were filed June 8, 1920. Plaintiff paid the common obligations in one case on April 14, 1913, and in the other on June 30, 1913. Prior to the trial formal demurrers to the petitions on the ground that each action, on the face of the petition, was barred by the five-year Statute of Limitations were overruled. At the trial, however, a demurrer,ore tenus, was sustained in each case, the petition dismissed, and judgment *Page 529 rendered accordingly, from which plaintiffs appealed.
The petitions, which are very lengthy, may be summarized:
Louis Schaefer, Gustav Bischoff, Gustav Bischoff, Jr., Heinrich Bischoff and J.H. Buettner, together with the defendants F.B. Meckfessel, Theodore Crusius, and W.F. Eicks, were stockholders in the J.H. Buettner Furniture Carpet Company, a corporation doing business in the city of St. Louis. The company being in financial straits, these stockholders in the year 1909 arranged for loans with the Manchester Bank and the National Bank of Commerce, both of said city, and executed to each bank a written obligation to repay all sums loaned, not to exceed $30,000 by the Manchester Bank, and $150,000 by the Bank of Commerce. The Manchester Bank accordingly loaned the Furniture Company at various times $21,500, taking its five notes therefor. The Bank of Commerce also made loans totalling $145,000, taking 29 notes from the company, each for the sum of $5000. Thereafter Louis Schaefer and Heinrich Bischoff died, and their representatives and Gustav Bischoff, on demand, paid the Bank of Commerce, on April 14, 1913, the principal of the notes, $145,000, and the said representatives and Gustav Bischoff and Gustav Bischoff, Jr., on June 30, 1913, paid the Manchester Bank the principal of its notes, $21,500, all interest having been paid on both sets of notes to said dates. J.H. Buettner subsequently paid his share of these sums to the paying guarantors. Between July 10, 1913, and May 17, 1915, the Furniture Company made various payments on the Manchester Bank notes, totalling $2221.55, and on the Bank of Commerce notes, $16,844.21.
In February, 1915, the Furniture Company made a general assignment of its assets to L.E. Dennig and Gustav Bischoff, trustees, for the benefit of all its creditors. Dividends were paid, $10,182.06 on the Manchester Bank loans and $68,669.49 on the Bank of Commerce loans. The last dividend was paid on March 22, 1920. *Page 530 Gustav Bischoff having died since the appeal was taken, and his personal representatives having entered their appearance, the actions have been revived by consent. For brevity's sake the parties will be spoken of as plaintiffs and defendants.
I. Appellants assign error in the ruling of the court that the actions were barred by the five-year Statute of Limitations (Sec. 1887, R.S. 1909). Their contention is that all of the guarantors were officers and stockholders of the corporation; that the paying guarantors, the plaintiffs, received all of the assets of their principal obligor, the corporation, as trustees for all of its creditors and as trustees for their co-guarantors and as such could not maintain an action for contribution against their co-guarantors pending the trusteeship and until they could show that the property received by them was insufficient to satisfy the debt and until the net amount subject to contribution had been definitely ascertained, that is on March 22, 1920, when the final dividend was paid.
The plaintiffs paid the common debts or obligations of the guarantors, one on April 14, 1913, and the other on June 30, 1913.
The rule is that the right of action accrues when a surety pays the common debt or obligation or has paid more than his share of it. [13 C.J. 833; Petty v. Tucker, 166 Mo. App. 98, 101.]
In Burrus v. Cook, 215 Mo. 496 (adopting the dissenting opinion of ELLISON, J.), it is said: "So that, the general law and the statute taken together amount to this: that a surety, upon payment of the debt, has a right to the instrument upon which he is surety, with all the rights, securities, and liens, which attach to it, but he must assert those rights within five years after such payment. `Where a surety who has paid the debt does not act before his claim is barred at law by the Statute of Limitations, manifesting his intention to put himself in the place of the original creditor, and thereby subrogating *Page 531 himself to the creditor's rights, equity will not subrogate him to those rights.' [Brandt on Suretyship (3 Ed.) sec. 339.]"
II. The further contention is that plaintiffs' cause of action did not arise until the assignees of the FurnitureAssets of Company had administered the assets and the netCorporation: amount subject to contribution had beenIndemnity. ascertained.
We might dismiss this contention at once for the reason the Furniture Company never turned over any assets or securities to the plaintiffs. Nearly two years after payment of the obligations the Furniture Company made a general assignment for the benefit of all its creditors. It is said all the stockholders agreed to this assignment and that the assets mainly consisted of notes and accounts. Assume this was an indemnity; does it follow that plaintiffs must delay their actions until it is ascertained what dividends the assets will pay? This theory is unreasonable; the plaintiffs were entitled to contribution the moment they paid the common obligations.
"Although there is a conflict of authority on the subject, the weight of authority seems to be that the fact that the surety who pays the debt has in his hands an indemnity other than money, and more or less valuable, will not prevent him from suing a co-surety for contribution, and recovering such amount as he is then entitled to, irrespective of the sum that may afterwards be realized from the indemnity; but he will be accountable to the co-surety for a proper proportion of whatever sum he may afterwards realize from the indemnity." [Brandt on Suretyship and Guarantee (3 Ed.) sec. 300.]
In Friedman v. Meltinsky, 260 Pa. 312, 317, it was said:
"Plaintiffs' claim in the present case is a simple one for contribution; but it is urged for defendant that it involves an accounting by plaintiffs for the receipts and expenditures of the property above referred to, and that *Page 532 equity alone has jurisdiction. Undoubtedly the property is held as security, but, defendant having paid nothing as an indorser, is not yet in a position to share therein. On payment of the judgment in this case he will be entitled to an undivided interest in the property; and the trial court very properly suggests that the execution can be so controlled as to protect his interest in that regard. But at the trial defendant had paid nothing on his indorsements and had no legal or equitable claim to the property and nothing to set off.
"The right to contribution arises upon payment of the common burden; and he who so pays may recover from those jointly liable with him without waiting to realize upon property that may have come to his hands through such payment. The property will of course stand as security common to all in proportion to their contribution to the burden. `The surety is not barred from his remedy in contribution merely by the fact that he holds security, and there can be no set-off on account of the indemnity unless its value is ascertained, either by reducing it to money or otherwise,' Stearns on Suretyship, p. 494. The plaintiff, in an action for contribution, after having paid out his money is not compelled to wait until he can realize upon some collateral indemnity, while his co-surety has paid nothing. This would not make their burdens equal. [Williams v. Riehl, 127 Cal. 365, 371.]"
The same ruling was made in Mosely v. Fullerton,59 Mo. App. 143, by the Kansas City Court of Appeals.
Broussard v. Mason, 187 Mo. App. 281, is not opposed to this view. The question of limitation was not involved. In that case Broussard, by fraud and chicanery, wrecked the principal, a Texas corporation, for which he and Mason were accommodation indorsers, and caused the default. He wrongfully converted the assets of the corporation, paid the debt, and, with unparalleled effrontery, came into Missouri and sued for contribution. "A surety cannot have contribution if the default resulted from his wrongful act." [32 Cyc. 285.] Broussard was president and manager of the corporation; he occupied *Page 533 a relation of trust and confidence. Mason, being a stockholder, was entitled to an accounting for his interest in the corporation.
III. Appellants further contend that by the proviso of Section 1315, Revised Statutes 1919, the cause of action "shall not be deemed to accrue when the wrong is done or theActs of 1919. technical breach of contract or duty occurs, but when the damage therefrom is sustained and is capable of ascertainment." This proviso of the section was enacted and became effective May 12, 1919, and is prospective in its operation. The actions were barred before its enactment and the contention need not be considered. But, if this proviso were applicable, it is plain that by its terms the causes of action accrued when the obligations were paid, as the liability of each guarantor was then capable of ascertainment.
The judgments are affirmed. Railey, C., concurs.