This is a claim and delivery action in which the plaintiff seeks to recover of the defendant sheriff alfalfa hay seized by the sheriff in an attempt to foreclose a chattel mortgage. Upon an agreed statement of facts and some oral testimony, the lower court rendered judgment for the defendant, and, after the denial of a motion for a new trial, the plaintiff appealed.
The plaintiff is a Montana corporation, of which Percy Williamson has been and is the president. For some years William Siedentopf and wife had owned land in Custer county, a portion of which yielded annually a crop of alfalfa. The land was subject to a first mortgage of $11,600 owned by the Federal Land Bank of Spokane, and to a second mortgage of $31,000 owned jointly by Williamson and the First National Bank of Miles City.
On October 31, 1929, Siedentopf executed and delivered to Snell Bros. an instrument in the form of a chattel mortgage, whereby the mortgagor purported to mortgage all the mortgagor's interest in all crops of every kind, including grass, which had been or might thereafter be grown, planted, cultivated or harvested upon the land during the year 1930. The *Page 352 instrument purported to be executed by "Siedentopf Co. Wm. Siedentopf of Miles City, residing in the county of Custer," and was signed "Siedentopf Co., by Wm. Siedentopf." The acknowledgment thereto was by Mr. Siedentopf personally, not by him as president of the corporation. The certificate that the mortgagor had received a copy of the mortgage was signed "Siedentopf Co., by Wm. Siedentopf." The instrument was filed for record with the county clerk on October 31, 1929.
The real estate mortgages mentioned above were past due, and the mortgagors were delinquent in the payment of interest and taxes. John A. Sanderson, receiver of the bank, made repeated efforts to obtain the money due the bank upon the Siedentopf indebtedness. When he learned of the chattel mortgage, immediately after it was filed, he talked with Siedentopf and a little later with Williamson about it. He said to Williamson, having in mind the chattel mortgage, that, if there "was no chance of getting any crop from the place or any income from it," there would be another year's taxes and interest to pay, and, if that course continued, the bank would not have any equity in the place. He proposed that Williamson take over the bank's interest in the mortgage, but Williamson was loath to do that. Eventually, however, through Sanderson's negotiations, on February 20, 1930, a deed to the land was executed by Siedentopf and wife to Williamson, and a correction deed was made on March 8, 1930. Williamson took over the bank's interest in the second mortgage, and assumed and later paid the mortgage to the Federal Land Bank. In July, 1930, he conveyed the property to the plaintiff.
On March 8, 1930, Williamson and Siedentopf entered into an agreement in writing, whereby Siedentopf agreed to furnish all labor, machinery, tools and the like, necessary properly to irrigate and cultivate approximately fifty acres of land (that mentioned in the chattel mortgage), and to harvest the crop grown thereon; also to keep all buildings and fences thereon in repair at his own expense. As compensation Williamson *Page 353 agreed to pay Siedentopf $150 per month for six months. The parties carried out this agreement.
On March 8 nothing was growing upon the land, but resulting from irrigation and cultivation alfalfa grew from roots then in the ground, and a crop of hay of the value of $800 was harvested. After the hay was in stack, Snell Bros. placed a certified copy of the purported chattel mortgage in the hands of the sheriff, with instructions to seize and sell the hay. This suit resulted.
Plaintiff insists that the chattel mortgage was executed by the corporation and not by Siedentopf individually, and, as it was not acknowledged by the corporation, the filing thereof did not impart notice. The trial court thought this immaterial, finding as a fact that Williamson had actual notice of the chattel mortgage prior to purchase of the premises.
Over objection that such testimony would vary the terms of a written instrument, the court, upon the theory that the instrument is ambiguous with respect to the mortgagor, permitted Siedentopf to testify that he did not understand that the corporation was mortgaging the crop; his understanding was that he, the owner of the land and crop, was doing so to secure an indebtedness of the corporation. The propriety of admitting this testimony is doubtful, to say the least.
The mortgage was good as between the mortgagor and the mortgagee in either event. Testimony presented by both plaintiff and defendant justifies the conclusion that Williamson and Sanderson regarded the mortgage, of which they had actual knowledge, as the personal obligation of Siedentopf, and that Williamson purchased the land with his eyes open.
The case was presented in the trial court and here upon the[1] theory that the crop was fructus industriales. The roots were in the ground; the situation being the same as if it were a crop of winter wheat. It required the industry of man to bring it to maturity. Section 8290, Revised Codes 1921, provides in part: "A mortgage may be given upon a growing *Page 354 crop, or a crop to be grown, and the lien thereon continues after severance."
The crop which is the subject of this litigation was in existence and the lien attached thereto when the mortgage was given. (11 C.J. 442; Moccasin State Bank v. Waldron, 81 Mont. 579,264 P. 940; First Nat. Bank v. Yuma Nat. Bank,30 Ariz. 188, 245 P. 277.)
If the mortgagor is the owner and in possession of the land[2] when the lien attaches to "a crop to be grown," the lien cannot be defeated by a conveyance of the premises to a person who has actual or constructive notice thereof. This is the clear intent of the statute. To hold otherwise would put it in the power of a mortgagor, who has obtained a loan and secured the same by a crop to be grown, to destroy the security by selling the land and yielding its possession to his vendee. Thus the intent of the statute designed for the benefit of farmers needing money to carry on their activities would be nullified. (See Moccasin State Bank v. Waldron, supra; 1 Jones on Chattel Mortgages and Conditional Sales, sec. 130; Luce v.Moorehead, 73 Iowa, 498, 35 N.W. 598, 5 Am. St. Rep. 695;First National Bank of Harrington v. Womach, 128 Wash. 492,223 P. 586; Congdon v. G.M.H. Wagner Sons,207 Cal. 373, 278 P. 863.) No doubt the operation of the statute[3] may occasionally work hardship; but the wisdom or unwisdom of the law is for the legislative body, not for us, to decide.
The judgment must be, and is, affirmed.
ASSOCIATE JUSTICES ANGSTMAN, MATTHEWS, STEWART and ANDERSON concur. *Page 355